MSFC NASA MPR 1860 1 REV D-2008 MSFC RADIATION SAFETY PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS《马歇尔太空飞行中心辐射安全程序要求》.pdf

1、CHECK THE MASTER LIST at https:/repository.msfc.nasa.gov/directives/directives.htm VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION BEFORE USE MPR 1860.1 REVISION D EFFECTIVE DATE: October 3, 2008 EXPIRATION DATE: October 3, 2013 MARSHALL PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS AS01 MSFC RADIATION SAFETY PROCEDURAL REQUIREM

2、ENTS Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Marshall Procedural Requirements AS01 MSFC Radiation Safety Procedural MPR 1860.1 Revision: D Requirements Date: October 3, 2008 Page 2 of 62 CHECK THE MASTER LIST at https:/repository.msfc.nasa.go

3、v/directives/directives.htm VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION BEFORE USE DOCUMENT HISTORY LOG Status (Baseline/ Revision/ Canceled) Document Revision Effective Date Description Baseline 10/18/01 Revision A 10/28/2004 Added equivalent to 3.7 X 1010disintegrations per second to 1.13; changes “In

4、itiators” to “Requisitioners in P.4 ; replaced will with shall as applicable, changed MPG to MPR ; deleted specification are roentgens for x- or gamma rays, rads or equivalent roentgens for beta rays, and rems for neutrons in 1.14: deleted service is furnished in 1.29 replaced quarterly with annuall

5、y in 2.16; replaced “exposed to excessive radiation” with who receive doses (overexposures) of radiation requiring medical attention” Deleted MSFC Form 4415, “Radiation Machine Use Authorization” from 4.0. Deleted RSO will maintain records of” from CH1.1.1; deleted CFR 20 requires that a” form CH6.2

6、.1; changed CH 6.2.1.3 to read “Each individual, prior to entering a restricted area or any area where a dose in excess of 2 millirem/hr. or 100 millirem/yr is likely”; replaced “particles” with “radiation” in CH6.5; added “TLDs are capable of storing energy from ionizing radiation and releasing tha

7、t energy in the form of visible light when heated. The amount of light is relative to the dose received” and “TLDs shall be worn on the trunk of the body, preferably at the chest level, representative of the dose to the whole body” to CH6.6; replaced “mass” with “Z or atomic” in CH9.1.2; added “They

8、 shall also complete OMEHS OT Form 101 “Quality Control Guidance for Field Radiography Operations at MSFC” in CH9.1.3; replaced 10 mrem/hr with 100 mrem/hr in CH9.8.8; deleted CH9.10.3-CH9.10.4; added “MSFC utilizes the State of Alabama Regulations for Protection Against Radiation as guidance for ra

9、diation safety when using radiation producing devices, such as analytical X-ray devices” to CH10.1;added “and a warning light indicating the presence of X-rays shall be placed outside each door leading into the room which houses the system(s) to CH10.5.1.4b; replaced “Organizational Work Instruction

10、 with Operational Instructions (OI) in CH9.7. Revision B 12/19/2006 Updated organizational changes, added 4.2, corrected record retention schedules, and deleted unnecessary references in P.3. Revision C 9/17/2007 Updated definitions. Updated Chapters 1-8 and 12-15 to reflect current practices and re

11、gulations. Revision D 10/3/2008 Revised 2. Applicability statement to address the applicability of this directive to the Michoud Assembly Facility. Also reflects minor editorial changes. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Marshall Proced

12、ural Requirements AS01 MSFC Radiation Safety Procedural MPR 1860.1 Revision: D Requirements Date: October 3, 2008 Page 3 of 62 CHECK THE MASTER LIST at https:/repository.msfc.nasa.gov/directives/directives.htm VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION BEFORE USE TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface P.1 Purpose P

13、.2 Applicability P.3 Authority P.4 Applicable Documents P.5 References P.6 Cancellation Document Content 1. Definitions 2. Responsibilities 3. Procedure 4. Records 5. Flow Diagram Chapter 1 General Procedures Chapter 2 Procurement of Radioactive Materials and Ionizing Radiation-Producing Devices Cha

14、pter 3 Disposal of Radioactive Material Chapter 4 Receiving, Shipping, and Storing of Radioactive Material Chapter 5 Personnel Exposure Chapter 6 Personnel Monitoring Chapter 7 Leak Testing Sealed Sources Chapter 8 Emergency Procedures for Control of Radioactive Contamination Chapter 9 Industrial Ra

15、diography X-ray Regulations Chapter 10 Analytical X-ray Devices Chapter 11 Particle Accelerators Chapter 12 Radiation Safety Training Chapter 13 Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Licensing Chapter 14 MSFC As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) Program Chapter 15 Violations Appendix A. Maximum Sur

16、face Contamination Values Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Marshall Procedural Requirements AS01 MSFC Radiation Safety Procedural MPR 1860.1 Revision: D Requirements Date: October 3, 2008 Page 4 of 62 CHECK THE MASTER LIST at https:/re

17、pository.msfc.nasa.gov/directives/directives.htm VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION BEFORE USE PREFACE P.1 PURPOSE The purpose of this Marshall Procedural Requirements (MPR) is to establish centralized control over the use of ionizing radiation sources to ensure that exposure is adequately cont

18、rolled to prevent adverse effects on the health and safety of employees. P.2 APPLICABILITY a. This MPR applies to the personnel, programs, projects, and activities at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) including contractors and resident agencies to the extent specified in their respective contracts

19、 or agreements. (“Contractors,” for purposes of this paragraph, include contractors, grantees, Cooperative Agreement recipients, Space Act Agreement partners, or other agreement parties.) MPR 1860.1 is not applicable to the Michoud Assembly Facility. b. This MPR is applicable to operations involving

20、 the use of radioactive material or ionizing radiation-producing devices. P.3 AUTHORITY a. 10 CFR Part 20, “Standards for Protection Against Radiation” b. 10 CFR Part 30, “Rules of General Applicability to Domestic Licensing of Byproduct Material” c. 10 CFR Part 40, “Domestic Licensing of Source Mat

21、erial” d. 10 CFR Part 50, “Domestic Licensing of Production and Utilization Facilities” e. 29 CFR Part 1960, “Basic Program Elements for Federal Employee Occupational Safety and Health Programs and Related Matters” f. 49 CFR Part 172, “Hazardous Materials Table, Special Provisions, Hazardous Materia

22、ls Communications, Emergency Response Information, and Training Requirements” g. 49 CFR Part 173 Subpart I Class 7 (Radioactive) Materials h. Alabama Department of Public Health Rule 420-3-26, Radiation Control http:/www.adph.org/radiation/rad04.pdf i. MPD 1840.1, “MSFC Environmental Health Program”

23、 j. MPD 1860.2, “Radiation Safety Program” Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Marshall Procedural Requirements AS01 MSFC Radiation Safety Procedural MPR 1860.1 Revision: D Requirements Date: October 3, 2008 Page 5 of 62 CHECK THE MASTER

24、LIST at https:/repository.msfc.nasa.gov/directives/directives.htm VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION BEFORE USE k. International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations Manual P.4 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS a. NPR 1441.1, “NASA Records Retention Schedules (NRRS)” b. MWI 5100.1, “

25、Initiating Procurement Requisitions” c. MWI 8621.1, “Close Call and Mishap Reporting and Investigation Program” P.5 REFERENCES a. NASA-STD-8719.7, “Facility System Safety Guidebook” b. NPR 1800.1, “NASA Occupational Health Program Procedures” c. MPR 8715.1, “Marshall Safety, Health, and Environmenta

26、l (SHE) Program” d. MWI 3410.1, “Personnel Certification Program” e. MWI 8715.2, “Lockout/Tagout Program” f. MWI 8715.15, “Operational Safety Assessment Program” P.6 CANCELLATION MPR 1860.1C dated September 17, 2007 Original signed by David A. King Director Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproducti

27、on or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Marshall Procedural Requirements AS01 MSFC Radiation Safety Procedural MPR 1860.1 Revision: D Requirements Date: October 3, 2008 Page 6 of 62 CHECK THE MASTER LIST at https:/repository.msfc.nasa.gov/directives/directives.htm VERIFY THAT THIS IS

28、 THE CORRECT VERSION BEFORE USE 1. DEFINITIONS 1.1 Absorbed Dose. The energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation per unit mass of irradiated material at the place of interest; the traditional unit of absorbed dose is the rad; one rad equals 100 ergs/gram. The SI equivalent is the gray (Gy). One

29、 gray equals 100 rad. 1.2 Airborne Radioactive Material. Airborne radioactive material in any form such as dust, mist, or gas. 1.3 ALARA. Acronym for “as low as (is) reasonably achievable.” Means making every reasonable effort to maintain exposures to ionizing radiation as far below the dose limits

30、as practical, consistent with the purpose for which the licensed activity is undertaken, taking into account the state of technology, the economics of improvements in relation to state of technology, the economics of improvements in relation to benefits to the public health and safety, and other soc

31、ietal and socioeconomic considerations, and in relation to utilization of nuclear energy and licensed materials in the public interest. 1.4 Alpha Particle. A positively-charged particle ejected spontaneously from the nuclei of some radioactive elements. It is identical to a helium nucleus with 2 pro

32、tons and 2 neutrons, has a mass number of 4, and an electrostatic charge of +2. It has low penetrating power and a short range (a few centimeters in air). The most energetic alpha particle will generally fail to penetrate the dead layers of cells covering the skin and are easily stopped by a sheet o

33、f paper. Alpha particles are hazardous when an alpha-emitting isotope is inside the body. 1.5 Beam. An approximately-unidirectional flow of electromagnetic or particulate radiation. 1.6 Beta Particle. A charged particle emitted from a nucleus during radioactive decay, with a mass equal to 1/1837 tha

34、t of a proton. A negatively-charged beta particle is an electron. A positively-charged beta particle is called a positron. Exposure to large amounts of beta radiation from external sources might cause skin burns (erythema). Beta emitters are also harmful if they enter the body. Thin sheets of metal

35、or plastic stop beta particles. 1.7 Bremsstrahlung. Electromagnetic radiation emitted (as photons) when a fast-moving charged particle (usually an electron) loses energy upon being decelerated and deflected by the electric field surrounding a positively-charged atomic nucleus. Most x-rays produced i

36、n x-ray machines are Bremsstrahlung. 1.8 Byproduct Material. Any radioactive material (except special nuclear material) yielded in, or made radioactive by, exposure to the radiation incident to the process of producing or utilizing special nuclear material. 1.9 Code Designator. A coding system that

37、identifies each separate dosimeter with a specific period of time, the user installation, and the individual wearing the dosimeter. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Marshall Procedural Requirements AS01 MSFC Radiation Safety Procedural

38、 MPR 1860.1 Revision: D Requirements Date: October 3, 2008 Page 7 of 62 CHECK THE MASTER LIST at https:/repository.msfc.nasa.gov/directives/directives.htm VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION BEFORE USE 1.10 Collimator. A device for confining a beam of particles or rays within a defined cross sec

39、tion. 1.11 Contamination, Radioactive. Radioactive material deposited in any undesired place and particularly any place where its presence is harmful. 1.12 Contaminated Area. Any area where the removable or fixed radioactive contamination exceeds the values in Appendix A. 1.13 Controlled Area. Any a

40、rea whose access is restricted by the user for the purpose of limiting radiation exposure. 1.14 Count (Measurement of Radiation). The external indication of a device designed to enumerate ionizing events; it might refer to a single detected event or to the total events registered in a given period o

41、f time; the term is loosely used to designate disintegration, an ionizing event, or a voltage pulse. 1.15 Counting Rate Meter. A device that gives a continuous indication of the average rate of ionizing events. 1.16 Curie. The conventional unit for that quantity of a radioactive nuclide equivalent t

42、o 3.7 X 1010disintegrations per second. The SI unit is the becquerel (Bq). One becquerel is one disintegration per second. 1.17 Dose. A general term used to refer to the effect on a material that is exposed to radiation. It is used to refer either to the amount of energy absorbed by a material expos

43、ed to radiation (absorbed dose) or to the potential biological effect in tissue exposed to radiation (dose equivalent). 1.18 Dose Equivalent. The product of absorbed dose in tissue (rad) multiplied by a radiation weighting factor (quality factor) to account for the potential for a biological effect

44、resulting from the absorbed dose. The traditional dose equivalent unit is the rem. The SI unit is the sievert (Sv). One sievert equals 100 rem. 1.19 Dose Rate. Radiation dose delivered per unit time. 1.20 Dose Rate Meter. Any instrument that measures radiation dose rate. 1.21 Dosimeter. A device use

45、d to detect and measure an accumulated dose of radiation e.g., Thermo Luminescent Dosimetry Badge (TLD badge), finger ring. 1.22 Dosimetry. The theory and application of the principles and techniques involved in the measurement and recording of ionizing radiation doses. 1.23 External Radiation. Expo

46、sure to ionizing radiation when the source is outside the body. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Marshall Procedural Requirements AS01 MSFC Radiation Safety Procedural MPR 1860.1 Revision: D Requirements Date: October 3, 2008 Page 8 of

47、 62 CHECK THE MASTER LIST at https:/repository.msfc.nasa.gov/directives/directives.htm VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION BEFORE USE 1.24 Gamma Rays. High-energy, short wavelength, electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus of an atom. Gamma radiation frequently accompanies the emission

48、 of alpha and beta. 1.25 Half-Life, Radioactive. The time in which one-half of the activity of a particular radioactive substance is lost due to radioactive decay. Measured half-lives vary from millionths of a second to billions of years. Also called physical or radiological half-life. 1.26 High Rad

49、iation Area. Any area with dose rates greater than 100 millirems (1 millisievert) in 1 hour, 30 centimeters from the source, or from any surface through which the ionizing radiation penetrates. 1.27 Interlock. A device, usually electrical and/or mechanical in nature, that prevents operation of a system until a preliminary condition has been met or prevents hazardous operations;