[考研类试卷]2014年黑龙江大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2014 年黑龙江大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 the occupancy rate of matches2 gross enrollment rate3 to optimize the production4 modest income5 demographic change6 UNESCO7 ultra-left extremist8 clinical experience9 knowledge-intensive10 water conservancy facility11 anti-fake label12 video conferencing13 purchasing

2、 power14 inhalable particle汉译英15 海峡两岸人民16 国际货币基金组织17 沙尘暴18 磁悬浮技术19 风险投资20 赊账交易21 农村剩余劳动力22 兼并23 局部发炎24 解决温饱问题25 老弱病残26 大男子主义27 函授教育28 中国结29 立交桥英译汉30 I believe both Chinese and Americans aspire to many of the same things: to provide for our families, to teach our children, to build our community, to

3、protect our earth, to shape our own future and pass brighter possibilities on to our children.There may be those here and back in America, who wonder whether close ties and deep friendship between America and China are good. Clearly the answer is Yes. We have a powerful ability to help each other gr

4、ow. We can learn from each other. As two great nations, we have a special responsibility to the future of the world. The steps we take over the next week will lead to greater strides for our people in the years ahead.Here in this city of your magnificent history, we must always remember that we too

5、are ancestors. Someday our children and their children will ask if we did all we could to build just societies and a more peaceful world. Let our monument be their judgment that we did that. Let our progress include all people with all their differences, moving toward a common destiny.Let us give ne

6、w meaning to the words written in the ancient book of rites, that you call, the Li Ji, “When the great way is followed, all under heaven will be equal.“ (From Remarks in Welcoming Ceremonies in Xian)31 The purpose of memory (STM) training in interpreting is to achieve a better understanding of the s

7、ource language, which will lead to adequate interpreting. As Lin Yuru et al. put it, “Memory in consecutive interpreting consists of nothing more than understanding the meaning, which is conveyed by the words“ (Lin et al., 1999:9). Understanding is the first step in successful interpreting; therefor

8、e, memory training is to be provided in the early stage of interpreter training. Memory functions different in consecutive and simultaneous interpreting, because the duration of memory is longer in CI than in SI. There are different methods of training STM for CI and SI respectively. Interpreting st

9、arts with the encoding of the information from the original speaker. According to Giles Effort Model, interpreting is an STM-centered activity; the process of interpreting could be re-postulated into:Encoding of information from the Source Language + Storing Information + Retried of Information + De

10、coding Information into the Target language. (From Memory Training in Interpreting)32 Digital technologies are fast becoming indispensable. A growing array of devices and technologies are on offer today, making users much more mobile.While it took around 21 years to reach the first billion mobile us

11、ers, the second billion signed up in just three years.Therefore, it is not surprising that in todays world, digital business becomes big business.The clearest evidence for this is at the macro-economic level, where the contribution of ICTs to the general economy has grown rapidly, regardless of fall

12、ing prices.Mobile, broadband, user-generated content and IPTV are some of the technologies highlighted as the underlying enablers of new lifestyles.The report, part of a series written yearly by ITU, explores the changing nature and role of the digital individual and of digital identity with example

13、s and scenarios.The “digital-life“ report shows human lives increasingly entwined with technology enabling virtual identities to be constructed and digital personae to exist with recreational commercial and sometimes malicious purpose. (Excerpt from an ITU news report)汉译英33 农业是人类衣食之源，农业是国民经济其他部门得以生存

14、和发展的基础，没有农业，人们就不能生存，社会生产就不能继续下去。众所周知，中国的耕地只占世界可耕地的百分之七，却养活了 12 亿多人，即世界人口的 21。自从 1949 年中华人民共和国建国以来，国家高度重视发展农业。特别是从 1949 年；我国实行改革开放的各项政策以来，其中包括以农业为国民经济的基础这一政策，中国在发展农业方面取得了巨大成就。到 1996 年，乡镇企业总产值达到了 58 万亿元，从业的劳动力达到 5 亿人。乡镇企业包括工业、农业、运输、交通，还有建筑业以及各种服务行业。乡镇企业生产种类繁多的商品，从农业所需的产品，到各种日用必需品、食品、副业产品、成衣、轻工业所需的材料，以

15、及为国际市场生产的种种产品。乡镇企业的发展给中国广大农村的剩余劳动力提供了就业的机会，极大地改善了我国农村人民的生活水平，极大地促进了国家的全面繁荣。34 在中国，许多家庭把希望放在他们的孩子身上。希望他们的孩子能够帮助他们实现上大学的梦想。作为新一代的独生子女中国计划生育的产物，他们面临各种学业上的压力。这其中主要是怎样考进重点高中与重点大学。许多孩子从上小学开始就要做很多作业，他们没有时间娱乐，甚至休息。他们早上 6 点钟上学，晚上 11 点才能上床睡觉。到周末的时候他们还要去上各种补习班。这种教育无法使学生全面发展，而且还会给青少年带来许多身体与心理上的伤害。他们也会在这种以考试为中心的

16、教育模式中逐渐失去对学习的兴趣。以考试为中心的教育模式很容易导致学校、家长、学生本人只以学习成绩作为评估标准。长此以往，这种教育理念会导致一种非常不健康的教育价值观。所以，教育体制改革全面开展青少年的素质教育是中国教育亟待解决的问题。35 中美在人权问题上既有分歧，也有共同点。两千多年以前中国汉代的思想家董仲舒就曾说过，“ 天地之精，所以生物者，莫贵于人” 。所以中华民族历来尊重和维护人的尊严和权益。今天中国政府庄严地承诺，促进和保护人权与基本自由。美国是世界上最发达的国家，人均国内生产总值近三万美元，中国是一个有十二亿人口的发展中国家，人均国内生产总值不足七百美元。所以两国社会制度、意识形态

17、、历史传统和文化背景都不相同。两国在实现人权和基本自由的途径和方式上也不同，双方对一些问题的看法不一致和存在分歧这并不奇怪。中国强调首先要重视生存权和发展权，同时努力加强民主和法制建设，保护人民的经济、社会、文化、公民和政治权力。中国是人民当家作主的社会和国家，中国人民可以通过直接和间接的方式选举自己的人大代表，并且充分表达自己的意见，行使自己的政治权力。(克林顿记者招待会江泽民讲话)2014 年黑龙江大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 比赛的上座率2 【正确答案】 毛入学率3 【正确答案】 优化生产4 【正确答案】 中等收入5 【正确答案】 人口变迁：人口变化6 【正确

18、答案】 联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization)7 【正确答案】 极左分子8 【正确答案】 临床经验9 【正确答案】 知识密集型10 【正确答案】 水利建设11 【正确答案】 防伪标志；防伪标识12 【正确答案】 电视会议；视频会议13 【正确答案】 购买力14 【正确答案】 可吸入颗粒物汉译英15 【正确答案】 the people on both sides of the Taiwan Straits16 【正确答案】 International Monetary Fund (IMF)

19、17 【正确答案】 sandstorm; dust storm18 【正确答案】 magnetic levitation technique; magnetic suspension technique19 【正确答案】 venture investment20 【正确答案】 open account transaction; Open Account; credit transaction21 【正确答案】 surplus rural workers; surplus rural labour22 【正确答案】 merger23 【正确答案】 the local inflammation24

20、 【正确答案】 solve the problem of food and clothing shortages25 【正确答案】 (the) old, weak, sick and disabled26 【正确答案】 male chauvinism27 【正确答案】 Correspondence Education28 【正确答案】 Chinese knotting29 【正确答案】 flyovers英译汉30 【正确答案】 我相信中国人民和美国人民在很多方面都有共同的理想，例如供养家庭、教育儿童、建设社区、保护地球、构思共建我们的未来、把更加光明的未来传给我们的下一代。在这里和美国国内，可

21、能有人会问中美两国建立更紧密的联系和更深的友谊是否有好处。答案是肯定的。我们互相帮助共同发展的能力是巨大的。我们可以彼此学习很多的东西。作为两个伟大的国家，中美对世界的未来担负特殊的责任。我们在未来一周所采取的合作可以使两国人民在今后的岁月里更加大踏步地前进。在这里，在你们这座有着光辉历史的城市里，我们必须永远记住，我们以后也会成为我们后代的祖先。有一天，我们的孩子和他们的孩子会问，我们是否尽心尽力来建设公正的社会和更加和平的世界。如果他们认为我们是尽了全力，就让他们的判断成为我们的纪念碑。让我们的进步，包括有这样或那样差异的人为了共同的抱负前进。你们的古籍礼记上这样说：“大道之行也，天下为公

22、” 。让我们赋予这句话新的意义。31 【正确答案】 口译中记忆训练的目的(STM) 是为了更好地理解源语，这样就会让译员充分进行口译活动。正如林玉如等人所言，“在连续的口译中，记忆的内容只包括理解语意，这些语意都是由语言承载的”(林等其他人，1999：9)。一个成功的翻译，第一步就是理解；因此，在早期的译员培养中是会提供记忆训练的。记忆的功能在连续翻译和同传中是有所区别的，因为在连续翻译中，记忆持续的时间要比同传的时间长。对于连续翻译和同传的记忆训练的方法是不同的。口译始于解码源语说话者的信息。根据吉尔的“努力模型” ，口译是一项以记忆训练为中心的活动；口译的过程可以再假定成：解码源语信息+储

23、存信息+ 重审信息+编码信息成目标语言。32 【正确答案】 数字技术正在迅速成为不可或缺的因素。2如今可供选择的工具与技术不断增多，用户的移动性也随之提高。移动用户在大约 21 年的时间里发展到十亿，而只用了 3 年就发展出了第二个十亿。因此数字产业成为当今世界上的大型产业并不奇怪。宏观经济为此提供了最有力的印证：尽管价格持续下降，信息通信技术对总体经济的贡献却迅速增长。报告重点介绍了移动、宽带、用户自创内容和交互式网络电视等促成新型生活方式的根本技术。作为国际电联年度系列报告的一部分，本报告通过实例和情境研究了数字个人和数字身份不断变化的实质和作用。“数字生活 ”报告表明，人类生活与技术日益

24、融合，于是，虚拟身份得以创建，数字人物因娱乐、商业甚至有时是不轨意图而存在。汉译英33 【正确答案】 Agriculture is the source of human food and clothing, and provides basis of the survival and development of other sectors of the national economy. Without agriculture, people can not survive and social production is impossible. As we all know, China

25、s arable land accounts for only seven percent of the worlds arable land, but it feeds more than 1 billion and 200 million people, or about 21% of the world s population. Since the founding of the peoples Republic of China in 1949, our country has attached great importance to the development of agric

26、ulture. Especially since the policies of reform and opening to the world in China in 1949, including the policy of taking agriculture as the foundation of the national economy, China has made great achievements in the development of agriculture. By 1996, the total output of township enterprises reac

27、hed 5 trillion and 800 billion yuan, employing up to 500 million workers. Township enterprises include industry, agriculture, transportation, communications, construction and various service sectors. Township enterprises produce different kinds of commodities, including agricultural products, all ki

28、nds of food, daily necessities, sideline products, garments, light industrial materials, as well as a variety of products for the international market production. The development of township enterprises has provided the employment opportunities for the surplus and poor labors in the vast rural areas

29、 of China, which has greatly improved the living standards of the people in rural areas, and greatly promoted the overall prosperity of the country.34 【正确答案】 In China, many families place their hopes on their children. They hope their children can realize their dream of going to college instead of t

30、hem. As a new generation of only one childa product of Chinas family planning, they face a variety of academic pressure. The most pressing problem is how to enter a key high school and university. From the beginning of primary school, many children have to do a lot of home work, furthermore they hav

31、e no time for entertainment, and even rest. They go to school at 6 o clock and go to bed at 11 in the evening. By the end of the week, they have to go to cram schools. This kind of education cannot develop students all-round development, but also bring a lot of physical and psychological harm to tee

32、nagers. They will also gradually lose interest in learning in the education model of an examoriented. The education model of exam-oriented is very easy to cause the school, the parents and the students to take the academic achievement as the only evaluation standard. If things go on like this, this

33、kind of education conception will lead to an inappropriate education value. Therefore, the reform of the educational system and the comprehensive development of the quality education for the young people are the urgent problems to be solved in Chinas education.35 【正确答案】 China and the United States h

34、ave differences on the issue of human rights, but also have common ground. More than two thousand years ago, Dong Zhongshu, a thinker in the Chinese Han Dynasty, once said, “the essence of heaven and earth creates living beings, but the people is most precious“. Therefore, China has always respected

35、 and protected human dignity and rights. Today, the Chinese government solemnly pledged to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms.The United States is the most developed country in the world with a per capita GDP of nearly thirty thousand, while China is a developing country with

36、a population of one billion and two hundred million dollars, with a per capita GDP of less than seven hundred dollars. Therefore, the social system, ideology, historical tradition and cultural background of the two countries are different. It is not surprised that the two countries have different wa

37、ys and means of achieving human rights and fundamental freedoms. China emphasizes the importance of the right to subsistence and development, and at the same time, making efforts to strengthen democracy and the legal system to protect the peoples economic, social, cultural, civil and political rights. 9. China is a society and a country where the people are the masters of the country, and the Chinese people can elect their deputies in a direct or indirect way.