1、NF EN 14878September 2007Ce document est usage exclusif et non collectif des clients Saga Web.Toute mise en rseau, reproduction et rediffusion, sous quelque forme que ce soit,mme partielle, sont strictement interdites.This document is intended for the exclusive and non collective use of Saga Web cus
2、tomers.All network exploitation, reproduction and re-dissemination,even partial, whatever the form (hardcopy or other media), is strictly prohibited.Saga WebFor SHANGHAI INTERNAT SCIENCE b) sitting too close to a fire; c) use of matches; d) use of smoking materials; e) candles used primarily for dec
3、oration. Consideration was given to garments and other such items intended for use by babies under the age of six (6) months. On the basis that babies of this age are not yet mobile, i.e. they are unable to crawl or walk, the risk was considered low. The principle upon which this standard is based i
4、s the acceptance that most, but not all, fabrics used in the manufacture of childrens nightwear will ignite when exposed to a small flame. On this premise therefore, there is no requirement for a specific ignitability test. The specification requires that the parameters of time of flame spread and s
5、urface flash are measured using a specified test procedure (EN 1103). The risk of fire may be diminished in some situations by the use of a suitable flame retardant. However, the application of a flame retardant could be considered to present a health risk. Both points of view were discussed in the
6、feasibility study, prepared under a Mandate (M/263) that preceded the Standardization Mandate. Following the publication and implementation of this standard in CEN countries, there should be an 18 month transition period from the date of availability, to allow manufacturers to develop and produce ga
7、rments that conform to the standards. The period is also to allow the supply chain, from manufacturer to the consumer, to be cleared on non-conforming garments. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement t
8、his European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Un
9、ited Kingdom. EN 14878:2007 (E) 4Introduction The aim of this European Standard is to define a harmonised procedure for the specification of childrens nightwear or fabrics intended for childrens nightwear with regard to their burning behaviour. Within the scope of this specification it is not possib
10、le to cover all the potential hazards that may create an unsafe garment; conversely, indefinable specific hazards in certain styles/design of garment may not present a risk. It is therefore recommended that an individual risk assessment is carried out on any garment in order to ensure that it does n
11、ot present a hazard to the wearer and can therefore be deemed to be a safe garment. This includes the use of applied flame retardant treatments. Durability of such finishes will require assessment. No European Standard method addressing durability of such treatments has yet been established. EN 1487
12、8:2007 (E)51 Scope This European Standard specifies requirements for the burning behaviour of childrens nightwear and nightwear fabrics intended for such garments when tested in accordance with EN 1103 but without the washing procedure. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are i
13、ndispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1103, Textiles - Fabrics for apparel - Detailed procedure to determine the burning beh
14、aviour 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1103 and the following apply. 3.1nightwear garments that are either sold as nightwear or intended to be worn as nightwear, e.g. bathrobes, dressing gowns, night shirts, nightdresses and pyjamas 3.
15、1.1babies nightwear nightwear intended to be worn by babies (see 3.3) 3.1.2childrens nightwear nightwear intended to be worn by children (see 3.4) 3.2pyjamas either two or several piece nightwear garment comprising trouser, shorts or briefs and top. It may also comprise one-piece pyjama type with to
16、p integral to trouser. The trouser may be with or without feet 3.3babies babies up to six (6) months of age and having a height up to 68 cm 3.4childrenyoung persons over six (6) months and up to the age of fourteen (14) years. Girls having a height between 68 cm and 176 cm and boys between 68 cm and
17、 182 cm 3.5specimens representative pieces of the product which are tested together with any lining/substrate or treatment EN 14878:2007 (E) 63.6multi-layer fabrics fabric produced from a series of separate layers, intimately combined at a stage prior to garment production, e.g. quilted fabrics 3.7f
18、abric assembly series of fabrics assembled as they would be at the garment manufacturing stage (excluding threads and trimmings), for the purpose of testing 4 Principle The properties of time of flame spread and surface flash are evaluated by submitting a sample to the application of a specified tes
19、t method contained in EN 1103. EN 1103 contains a cleansing procedure which is not applied to any test material covered by this standard as a single wash has been found to have little or no effect on finishes used on nightwear. 5 Toxicology of flame retardant A flame retardant is a substance used to
20、 impart improved fire behaviour to a material. When a flame retardant is applied to a textile to be used in nightwear conforming to this standard, it will be the responsibility of the manufacturer/retailer placing the chemically treated flame retardant nightwear on the European market to ensure the
21、finish being used has been adequately assessed for risk of toxicity and/or eco toxicity and is considered safe for its intended use by the EU Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks (SCHER).Any flame retardant used to impart a degree of reduction of any of the measured parameters shal
22、l be able to provide this reduction during the expected life of the garment. It shall therefore be able to resist the normal washing procedures to which the garment could reasonably be expected to be subjected. 6 Fabric and garment sampling 6.1 Fabrics 6.1.1 At least one sample shall be taken that i
23、s representative of the bulk, of sufficient size to provide the specimens for the test. Three specimens shall be taken in the machine direction and three specimens in the cross direction. 6.1.2 Where multi-layer fabrics or fabric assemblies are tested, they should be tested in the arrangement which
24、is to be used in the garment. The order of the layers in the test specimen and the face to which the test flame is applied, should be noted in the test report. 6.2 Fabric from garments The specimens can be taken from one or more styles of garments made of the same fabric and finishing route. 6.3 Sho
25、rtage of material If it is not possible to obtain a single test specimen of the size required in EN 1103, pieces shall be joined, cut from the same or different garments of the same type, in the same direction, using butt joints held together with five equally spaced staples across the width of the
26、specimen. Overlapping joints shall not be used and no more than three pieces are to be used to form any one specimen. This should be noted in the test report. EN 14878:2007 (E)76.4 Range testing 6.4.1 Conventional testing allowing the characterization of the sensitivity of the product with regard to
27、 the fire behaviour taking into account the variation of one or more parameters (i.e. mass per unit area; colour; surface appearance; volumic mass etc) from a reduced number of test specimens determined after evaluation provided that the results obtained on the various samples give the same results.
28、 6.4.2 The range testing can be carried out on a component of the range, representing the most unfavourable cases. For example, when a material exists in several colours, with different surface appearances, the result of the testing can be applied to the range, based on the results of tests carried
29、out on some appearances and colours, from the complete range provided. 7 Test method The measurement of time of flame spread and surface flash shall be carried out in accordance with EN 1103. All test procedures are to be completed on the garment/fabric as received. All test procedures are to be com
30、pleted on the garment/fabric without washing or otherwise cleansing (see Clause 4). 8 Number of tests 8.1 General For a nightwear product (see 3.1) or nightwear fabric to claim a particular class, all the relevant criteria given in Table 1 Class A or B shall be met. 8.2 Flame spread and surface flas
31、h 8.2.1 For the compliance parameters of time of flame spread and surface flash, the selection of the class is based on the results of tests in accordance with EN 1103. 8.2.2 If at least two specimens (out of six) give a result belonging to a lower class, the material shall belong to this lower clas
32、s. 8.2.3 If only one specimen (out of six) gives a result belonging to a lower class, three extra specimens shall be tested in the same direction as the one giving the worst result. 8.2.4 If none of the extra three specimens gives a result belonging to the higher class, the material belongs to the o
33、riginal class. 8.2.5 If at least one of the extra three specimens tested gives a result belonging to the lower class, then the material belongs to the lower class. 9 Requirements For the purposes of this standard, the various categories of nightwear fabrics are classified as in Table 1. It is assume
34、d that the satisfaction of a higher class will satisfy all the criteria of the lower classes. EN 14878:2007 (E) 8Table 1 Requirements Class Application Parameters to be measuredMinimum requirementsA Childrens nightwear (NOT pyjamas) Surface flashTime of flame spreadNo surface flash3rd marker thread
35、(520 mm) not severed in less than 15 sB Childrens pyjamas Surface flashTime of flame spreadNo surface flash3rd marker thread (520 mm) not severed in less than 10 sC Babies nightwear Not tested None10 Design features and requirements for pyjamas 10.1 General 10.1.1 If the design features for children
36、s pyjamas do not fulfil the criteria given in 10.2; 10.3 or 10.4, the pyjamas or the fabric shall pass the requirements of Class A. 10.1.2 Certain features of garments can be considered of greater hazard than others; full skirts and long, loose sleeves are some of such features. Certain restrictions
37、 are to be followed in such circumstances and the following clauses give measurements that shall be followed. All measurements shall be taken with the garment fastened, lying flat and in a relaxed state. In the case of wrap around style garments, measurements shall be as if the garment is being worn
38、 (see Annex B). 10.2 Pyjama tops or jackets 10.2.1 Pyjama tops or jackets shall not have a lower hem circumference greater than the hip size it is designed to fit +20 %. 10.2.2 Pyjama tops or jackets shall be designed to have a lower hem no more than 10 cm below the crotch. 10.3 Pyjama trousers Pyja
39、ma trouser legs shall not be wider at the lower hem than at the knee. 10.4 Sleeve cuffs for pyjamas Where the sleeve is designed to finish below the elbow, the lower hem shall not have a circumference greater than 40 cm and at no point shall the circumference of the sleeve width be greater than 50 c
40、m. NOTE For further information and advice on this matter, see EN 13402-1, and EN 13402-3. EN 14878:2007 (E)911 Labelling This standard does not require labelling of products but in cases where labelling is requested, a label may be provided to indicate the class of fabric from which the garment is
41、manufactured; it shall be in accordance with Annex A. 12 Test report The test report shall contain at least the following information: a) name of the test laboratory; b) description and identification of the product including any chemical flame retardant treatment used; c) reference to this European
42、 Standard, i.e. EN 14878:2007; d) results of the tests and the fabric/garment class; e) details of any deviation from given procedure; f) if stapled, how many pieces of fabric comprise the test specimen. If multi-layered fabrics are tested, a description of the arrangement; g) date of test; h) refer
43、ence to EN 1103 with notation of which edition of EN 1103 was used. EN 14878:2007 (E) 10Annex A(normative)Labelling If the garment is to be labelled, the label supplied shall contain the following words: WARNING keep away from fire in RED letters. Fabric Class A, B, or C (as appropriate) EN 14878. E
44、N 14878:2007 (E)11Annex B(informative) Design guidance B.1 The garment style and design can have a significant effect on the risk of ignition and burning behaviour of garments and the consequent severity of injury to the wearer. Thus, a risk assessment should be undertaken as part of garment design,
45、 taking into account factors such as the following: a) close fitting garments are less likely to come into contact with flames and, even when ignited, may burn less rapidly because they trap less air to feed the fire; b) trims, motifs and prints may change the burning characteristics of a garment, p
46、otentially reducing the level of safety offered by the basic fabric class; c) long, loose sleeves are a potential hazard, for example when cooking; d) full skirts increase the potential for ignition from open fires. They also contribute to the chimney effect, increasing the potential burns area, if a garment is ignited. Belts or other forms of waist restriction may reduce this effect. B.2 Where an aspect of design is considered to have a potential impact on the flammability of the garment and injury to the wearer, action should be taken to modify the design. EN 14878:2007 (E)
