1、NFPA1584Standard on the Rehabilitation Process for Members During Emergency Operations and Training Exercises Handbook 20081584NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, USAAn International Codes and Standards OrganizationNFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471An International Codes
2、and Standards OrganizationNFPA1584Standard on the RehabilitationProcess for Members DuringEmergency Operations andTraining ExercisesHandbook 2008 Annotated by Ken HollandCopyright 2012National Fire Protection AssociationOne Batterymarch Park Quincy, Massachusetts 02169-7471 All rights reserved. Abou
3、t this Handbook EditionThis PDF contains the complete 2008 edition of NFPA 1584, Standard on the Rehabilitation Process forMembers During Emergency Operations and Training Exercises, annotated to assist the readers under-standing of the standards language and the intent behind it. The annotations ar
4、e not part of the NFPA Standard but provide a valuable commentary reflecting the views, explanations, and insights of authors and contributors selected by the NFPA based on their knowledge of and experience with the standard.How to Navigate Between the Text of the Standard and the AnnotationsNavigat
5、e between code or standard text and annotations by using hyperlinked icons and code numbers.While in code or standard text, click on hyperlinked icon* to the left of the standard section to navigate to corresponding annotations. Click on the hyperlinked annotative standard section number 1.1 to retu
6、rn to previous standard section.*Please note, only the sections featuring icons contain annotations.For longer blocks of annotations, it is recommended that you enable the back arrow functional-ity in Acrobats page navigation menu, which will also allow you to return to the previous stan-dard sectio
7、n.How to Ensure You Have the Most Up-to-date Version of the NFPA StandardThe NFPA Standard, in the edition contained hereing15 is current as of the effective date des-ignated at the time the standard was issued 2008. This Handbook Edition does not, however, include errata, tentative interim amendmen
8、ts (TIAs), or formal interpretations (FIs) that may have been issued after the effective date. For all errata, TIAs, or FIs that may have been issued since the effective date, or for any new editions that may have superseded this edition, please visit the “Document Information pages” link for the re
9、levant NFPA Standard located in the “Codes email: stds_adminnfpa.orgFor more information about NFPA, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org. IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING THE HANDBOOK EDITIONNotice and Disclaimer Concerning LiabilityNotice Concerning Interpretations Contained in the A
10、nnotationsISBN: 978-1455904006Publication of this (ANDBOOKEdition is for the purpose of circulating information and opinion among those concerned for fire and electrical safety and related subjects. While every effort has been made to achieve a work of high quality, neither the NFPAnor the contribut
11、ors to this (ANDBOOKEdition guarantee the accuracy or completeness of or assume any liability in connec-tion with the information and opinions contained in this (ANDBOOK%dition. The NFPA and the contributors shall in no event be liable for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any natur
12、e whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance upon this (ANDBOOK EditioNThis (ANDBOOK Edition is published with the understanding that the NFPA and the contribu-tors to this (ANDBOOK Edition are sup
13、plying information and opinion but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought.NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Documents”), includ-ing the NFPA D
14、ocument that is the subject of this (ANDBOOKEdition, are made available for usesubject to Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning NFPA Documents, which are sepa-rately bookmarked and viewable in this (ANDBOOKEdition, and which can also be viewed at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers.NFPA codes, standards
15、, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Documents”), including the NFPA Document that is the subject of this (ANDBOOKEdition are developed in accordancewith the published procedures of the NFPA by technical committees comprised of volunteers drawn from a broad array of relevant interests. In this
16、 (ANDBOOKEdition the text of the NFPADocument is accompanied with annotations providing explanation and commentary on the meaning and intent of the Document. The annotations contained in this (ANDBOOK Edition are not a part of the NFPA Document and do not constitute Formal Interpretations of the NFP
17、A (which can be obtained only through requests processed by the responsible technical committees in accordance with the published procedures of the NFPA). The annotations, therefore, solely reflect the personal opinions of the author or other contributors and do not necessarily represent the officia
18、l position of the NFPA or its technical committees.Copyright 2008 National Fire Protection Association. All Rights Reserved.NFPA1584Standard on the Rehabilitation Process for Members DuringEmergency Operations and Training Exercises2008 EditionThis edition of NFPA 1584, Standard on the Rehabilitatio
19、n Process for Members During EmergencyOperations and Training Exercises, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Fire ServiceOccupational Safety and Health. It was issued by the Standards Council on December 11,2007, with an effective date of December 31, 2007, and supersedes all previous edition
20、s.This edition of NFPA 1584 was approved as an American National Standard on December31, 2007.Origin and Development of NFPA 1584The first edition of NFPA 1584, Recommended Practice on the Rehabilitation of Members Operat-ing at Incident Scene Operations and Training Exercises, was issued in January
21、 2003 to support therequirements in NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program,for a rehabilitation program for fire department members operating at emergency incidents.An organized approach for fire department members rehabilitation at incident scene opera-tions i
22、s an integral component of both an occupational safety and health program and inci-dent scene management.For the 2008 edition, the committee felt that rehabilitation is important enough to thehealth and safety of fire fighters that it should be addressed in a standard rather than in arecommended pra
23、ctice. Accordingly, this edition is completely revised from the previousedition and has been retitled Standard on the Rehabilitation Process for Members During EmergencyOperations and Training Exercises.The committee has reviewed and updated the text so the standard reflects current scienceand knowl
24、edge on rehabilitation of fire service members. Requirements for medical monitor-ing during rehabilitation have been added with a lengthy discussion in the annex that recog-nizes that vital signs alone cannot be used to determine if a fire fighter entering or in reha-bilitation should receive furthe
25、r medical treatment.Terminology has been updated to be compatible with the National Incident ManagementSystem (NIMS). Annex material has been added to show a sample standard operating proce-dure for a rehabilitation process, and provide information on the classification, signs, symp-toms, and treatm
26、ent of heat stress and cold stress. Emphasis has been placed on fire fightersmaintaining proper nutrition, hydration, and a healthy lifestyle prior to emergency opera-tions or training exercises.15841NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protect
27、ion Association, Quincy, Massachusetts, 02169.Technical Committee on Fire Service Occupational Safety and HealthGlenn P. Benarick, ChairAiken, SC URep. NFPA Fire Service SectionMurrey E. Loflin, SecretaryWest Virginia University, WV U(Alt. to Glenn P. Benarick)Rep. NFPA Fire Service SectionDonald Al
28、dridge, Lion Apparel, Inc., OH MDavidJ.Barillo, University of Florida College of Medicine,FL SEPaul Blake, City of Baytown Fire maintaining a patients airway,breathing, and circulation; controlling external bleeding; pre-venting shock; and preventing further injury or disability by im-mobilizing pot
29、ential spinal or other bone fractures.15844 REHABILITATION PROCESS FOR MEMBERS DURING EMERGENCY OPERATIONS AND TRAINING EXERCISES2008 Edition3.3.4 Company. A group of members (1) under the directsupervision of an officer; (2) trained and equipped to performassigned tasks; (3) usually organized and i
30、dentified as enginecompanies, ladder companies, rescue companies, squad com-panies, or multi-functional companies; (4) operating with onepiece of fire apparatus (pumper, aerial fire apparatus, elevat-ing platform, quint, rescue, squad, ambulance) except wheremultiple apparatus are assigned that are
31、dispatched and arrivetogether, continuously operate together, and are managed bya single company officer; (5) arriving at the incident scene onfire apparatus. 1500, 20073.3.5 Cooling.3.3.5.1 Active Cooling. The process of using externalmethods or devices (e.g., hand and forearm immersion,misting fan
32、s, ice vests) to reduce elevated core body tem-perature.3.3.5.2 Passive Cooling. The process of using naturalevaporative cooling (e.g., sweating, doffing personal pro-tective equipment, moving to a cool environment) to re-duce elevated core body temperature.3.3.6* Core Body Temperature. The temperat
33、ure deep withina living body.3.3.7 Crew. A team of two or more fire fighters. 1500, 20073.3.8 Emergency Incident. Any situation to which an emer-gency services organization responds to deliver emergency ser-vices, including rescue, fire suppression, emergency medicalcare, special operations, law enf
34、orcement, and other forms ofhazard control and mitigation. 1561, 20083.3.9 Emergency Medical Care. The treatment of patients, us-ing first aid, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, basic life support,advanced life support, and other medical protocols prior toarrival at a hospital or other health care faci
35、lity.3.3.10 Emergency Medical Services. The provision of treat-ment, such as first aid, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, basiclife support, advanced life support, and other pre-hospitalprocedures including ambulance transportation, to patients.1500, 20073.3.11 Emergency Operations. Activities of the f
36、ire depart-ment relating to rescue, fire suppression, emergency medicalcare, and special operations, including response to the sceneof the incident and all functions performed at the scene.1500, 20073.3.12* Hydration. The introduction of water in the form offood or fluids into the body.3.3.13 Incide
37、nt Commander (IC). The individual responsiblefor all incident activities, including the development of strate-gies and tactics and the ordering and the release of resources.472, 20083.3.14* Incident Management System (IMS). A system that de-fines the roles and responsibilities to be assumed by respo
38、nd-ers and the standard operating procedures to be used in themanagement and direction of emergency incidents and otherfunctions. 1561, 20083.3.15* Medical Monitoring. The ongoing evaluation of mem-bers who are at risk of suffering adverse effects from stress orfrom exposure to heat, cold, or hazard
39、ous environments.3.3.16* Member. A person involved in performing the dutiesand responsibilities of a fire department, under the auspicesof the organization. 1500, 20073.3.17 Passive Cooling. See 3.3.5.2.3.3.18 Patient. An emergency responder who is providedemergency medical care during the rehabilit
40、ation process.3.3.19 Personnel Accountability System. A system that readilyidentifies both the location and function of all members oper-ating at an incident scene. 1500, 20073.3.20 Procedure. An organizational directive issued by theauthority having jurisdiction or by the department that estab-lish
41、es a specific policy that must be followed. 1561, 20083.3.21* Recovery. The process of returning a members physi-ological and psychological states to normal or neutral wherethis person is able to perform additional emergency tasks, bere-assigned, or released without any adverse effects.3.3.22* Rehab
42、ilitation. An intervention designed to mitigateagainst the physical, physiological, and emotional stress of firefighting in order to sustain a members energy, improve per-formance, and decrease the likelihood of on-scene injury ordeath.3.3.23 Rehabilitation Manager. The person or officer as-signed t
43、o manage rehabilitation.3.3.24 Sports Drink. A fluid replacement beverage that is be-tween 4 percent and 8 percent carbohydrate and contains be-tween 0.5 g and 0.7 g of sodium per liter of solution.3.3.25 Standard Operating Guideline. A written organiza-tional directive that establishes or prescribe
44、s specific opera-tional or administrative methods to be followed routinely,which can be varied due to operational need in the perfor-mance of designated operations or actions.3.3.26* Standard Operating Procedure. A written organiza-tional directive that establishes or prescribes specific opera-tiona
45、l or administrative methods to be followed routinely forthe performance of designated operations or actions. 1521,20083.3.27 Supervisor. An emergency services responder who hasresponsibility for overseeing the performance of other re-sponders assigned to a specific division or group.Chapter 4 Prepar
46、edness4.1 General.4.1.1 Standard Operating Guidelines.4.1.1.1* The fire department shall develop standard operatingguidelines (SOGs) that outline a systematic approach for therehabilitation of members operating at incidents and trainingexercises.4.1.1.2* These guidelines shall include but not be lim
47、ited tothe following:(1) Relief from climatic conditions(2) Rest and recovery(3) Active and/or passive cooling or warming as needed forincident type and climate conditions(4) Rehydration (fluid replacement)(5) Calorie and electrolyte replacement15845PREPAREDNESS2008 Edition(6) Medical monitoring(7)
48、Emergency medical services (EMS) treatment in accor-dance with local protocol(8) Member accountability(9) Release4.1.1.3* Crews shall be rotated as necessary to allow for reha-bilitation.4.1.2 Protocols and procedures guiding fire department andother emergency services personnel who care for ill or
49、injuredmembers during emergency operations shall be developed bythe emergency medical service (EMS) medical director in col-laboration with the fire department physician and fire chief.4.2 Training and Recognition of Heat/Cold Stress.4.2.1 All members shall be provided with information on howthe body regulates core temperature and how to recognize thesigns, symptoms, and controls for heat and cold stress. (SeeAnnex B.)4.2.2*
