1、 NFPA 1801 Standard on Thermal Imagers for the Fire Service 2018IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA STANDARDS NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY CONCERNING THE USE OF NFPA STANDARDS NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”), of which the document conta
2、ined herein is one, are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on re and other safety issues. While the NFPA administe
3、rs the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in NFPA Standards. The NFPA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property,
4、 or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on NFPA Standards. The NFPA also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information publis
5、hed herein. In issuing and making NFPA Standards available, the NFPA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the NFPA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should r
6、ely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. The NFPA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of NFPA Standards. Nor
7、 does the NFPA list, certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certication or other statement of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to the NFPA and is solely the responsibility of the certier or maker
8、 of the statement. REVISION SYMBOLS IDENTIFYING CHANGES FROM THE PREVIOUS EDITION Text revisions are shaded. A before a section number indicates that words within that section were deleted and a to the left of a table or gure number indicates a revision to an existing table or gure. When a chapter w
9、as heavily revised, the entire chapter is marked throughout with the symbol. Where one or more sections were deleted, a is placed between the remaining sections. Chapters, annexes, sections, gures, and tables that are new are indicated with an N. Note that these indicators are a guide. Rearrangement
10、 of sections may not be captured in the markup, but users can view complete revision details in the First and Second Draft Reports located in the archived revision information section of each code at www.nfpa.org/docinfo. Any subsequent changes from the NFPA Technical Meeting, Tentative Interim Amen
11、dments, and Errata are also located there. REMINDER: UPDATING OF NFPA STANDARDS Users of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”) should be aware that NFPA Standards may be amended from time to time through the issuance of a Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) or cor
12、rected by Errata. An ofcial NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any TIAs and Errata then in effect. To determine whether an NFPA Standard has been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata, go to w
13、ww.nfpa.org/docinfo to choose from the list of NFPA Standards or use the search feature to select the NFPA Standard number (e.g., NFPA 13). The document information page provides up-to-date document-specic information as well as postings of all existing TIAs and Errata. It also includes the option t
14、o register for an “Alert” feature to receive an automatic email notication when new updates and other information are posted regarding the document. ISBN: 978-145591723-5 (Print) ISBN: 978-145591724-2 (PDF) ISBN: 978-145591765-5 (eBook)IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA STANDARDS ADDI
15、TIONAL NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS Updating of NFPA Standards Users of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”) should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance o
16、f Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata. An ofcial NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any Tentative Interim Amendments and any Errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and
17、whether it has been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected through the issuance of Errata, consult appropriate NFPA publications such as the National Fire Codes Subscription Service, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org, or contact the NFPA at the address listed
18、below. Interpretations of NFPA Standards A statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance with Section 6 of the Regulations Governing the Development of NFPA Standards shall not be considered the ofcial position of NFPA or any of its Committees and shall not be considered to be, nor
19、 be relied upon as, a Formal Interpretation. Patents The NFPA does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights referenced in, related to, or asserted in connection with an NFPA Standard. The users of NFPA Standards bear the sole responsibility for determining the validity
20、 of any such patent rights, as well as the risk of infringement of such rights, and the NFPA disclaims liability for the infringement of any patent resulting from the use of or reliance on NFPA Standards. NFPA adheres to the policy of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) regarding the in
21、clusion of patents in American National Standards (“the ANSI Patent Policy”), and hereby gives the following notice pursuant to that policy: NOTICE: The users attention is called to the possibility that compliance with an NFPA Standard may require use of an invention covered by patent rights. NFPA t
22、akes no position as to the validity of any such patent rights or as to whether such patent rights constitute or include essential patent claims under the ANSI Patent Policy. If, in connection with the ANSI Patent Policy, a patent holder has led a statement of willingness to grant licenses under thes
23、e rights on reasonable and nondiscriminatory terms and conditions to applicants desiring to obtain such a license, copies of such led statements can be obtained, on request, from NFPA. For further information, contact the NFPA at the address listed below. Law and Regulations Users of NFPA Standards
24、should consult applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations. NFPA does not, by the publication of its codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrigh
25、ts NFPA Standards are copyrighted. They are made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of safe practices and methods. By making these document
26、s available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the NFPA does not waive any rights in copyright to these documents. Use of NFPA Standards for regulatory purposes should be accomplished through adoption by reference. The term “adoption by reference” means the citing of title
27、, edition, and publishing information only. Any deletions, additions, and changes desired by the adopting authority should be noted separately in the adopting instrument. In order to assist NFPA in following the uses made of its documents, adopting authorities are requested to notify the NFPA (Atten
28、tion: Secretary, Standards Council) in writing of such use. For technical assistance and questions concerning adoption of NFPA Standards, contact NFPA at the address below. For Further Information All questions or other communications relating to NFPA Standards and all requests for information on NF
29、PA procedures governing its codes and standards development process, including information on the procedures for requesting Formal Interpretations, for proposing Tentative Interim Amendments, and for proposing revisions to NFPA standards during regular revision cycles, should be sent to NFPA headqua
30、rters, addressed to the attention of the Secretary, Standards Council, NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101; email: stds_adminnfpa.org. For more information about NFPA, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org. All NFPA codes and standards can be viewed at no cost at www.nfp
31、a.org/docinfo.1801-1 NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169. Copyright 2017 National Fire Protection Association . All Rights Reserved. NFPA 1801 Standard on Thermal Imagers for the Fire Service
32、 2018 Edition This edition of NFPA 1801, Standard on Thermal Imagers for the Fire Service, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Electronic Safety Equipment and released by the Correlating Committee on Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothing and Equipment. It was issued by the Standards
33、 Council on August 1, 2017, with an effective date of August 21, 2017, and supersedes all previous editions. This edition of NFPA 1801 was approved as an American National Standard on August 21, 2017. Origin and Development of NFPA 1801 In December 2004, Dr. Francine Amon, Nelson Bryner, and Anthony
34、 Hamins of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) hosted the workshop, “Thermal Imaging Research Needs for First Responders.” The workshop provided a forum to discuss thermal imaging camera strategies, technologies, procedures, best practices, research, and development. Participan
35、ts included representatives from the U.S. Fire Administration, International Association of Fire Chiefs, NIOSH NPPTL, Naval Research Lab, and thermal imaging camera and core manufacturers, as well as rst responder users and trainers. The need for standards was clearly identied as a priority. In May
36、2005, as a direct result of that workshop, a group of manufacturers and re service end users met to further identify the need for standardization. The Fire Service Thermal Imaging Camera Operational Standard (FSTICOS) Working Group was formed with Larry Konsin of the American Council for Thermal Ima
37、ging and MSA selected to be the groups chairman. The FSTICOS Working Group was well populated with representatives from all the manufacturers of re service thermal imagers and imager core manufacturers along with re ghter/end users and trainers. The Working Group focused principally on the needs of
38、the re service for thermal imagers and set about drafting a needs, functionality, usability, and ruggedness statement to begin dening the levels of performance that were deemed necessary. Through surveys conducted at re service trade shows nationwide, re ghters validated the ndings of the group. As
39、the FSTICOS Working Group was meeting bimonthly, Dr. Amon and her staff at NIST, with the assistance of the U.S. Army Night Vision Lab, began developing the criteria for image quality for re service thermal imagers. The two groups met and collaborated on a proposed document for thermal imaging camer
40、as. In September 2006, the FSTICOS Working Group requested that the NFPA Technical Committee on Electronic Safety Equipment (TC on ESE) work with them on the project. The TC on ESE agreed to create a Task Group on Fire Service Thermal Imagers, and many of the participants of the FSTICOS Working Grou
41、p requested to be appointed as members of the TCs task group. TC on ESE Chairman Bruce Varner appointed TC member Robert Athanas as the task group chairman and the following persons as task group members: Dr. F. Amon, N. Bryner, G. Francisco, C. Gestler, J. Hays, J. Henebury, P. House, R. Klug, L. K
42、onsin, D. Little, S. Lumry, T. McDonald, M. McKenna, S. Nixdorff, T. Tedesco, D. Wiles, and T. Wolf. During the development process, it became clear that the re services operational environments were very different from most other emergency services organizations, which led the TC to change the focu
43、s of NFPA 1801 to thermal imagers for the re service. The proposed standard was entered into the Fall 2009 standards cycle and underwent several development changes as the TC worked with the very technical design criteria and test methods developed for this standard. As with all PPE product standard
44、s in the Project on Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothing and Equipment, NFPA 1801 included requirements for independent third-party certication of thermal imagers to ensure compliance with the labeling, design, performance, testing, and certication requirements for the certication organiz
45、ations and the thermal imager manufacturers to claim “certied as compliant” to NFPA 1801.THERMAL IMAGERS FOR THE FIRE SERVICE 1801-2 2018 Edition The Report on Proposals (ROP) for NFPA 1801 was released for public review and comment on December 29, 2008. Following the public review period, which clo
46、sed on March 6, 2009, the Report on Comments (ROC) was processed in the spring of 2009. The Technical Correlating Committee (TCC) on Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothing and Equipment processed the proposed NFPA 1801 at their meeting in late May 2009 and approved the document to go forwar
47、d. The 2010 edition of NFPA 1801 was recognized as one of the most technical documents assembled and released under the NFPA Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothing and Equipment Project to date. The image quality tests that were developed specically for the standard were complicated due to
48、their highly technical nature, and the degree to which they were reproducible from testing laboratory to testing laboratory was in question. The TC sought the assistance and resources of the Fire Protection Research Foundation to coordinate a series of round robin tests to determine the lab-to-lab r
49、epeatability of the image quality tests. The project was conducted by Dr. Francine Amon, Ph.D., who began this project while employed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The remainder of the testing was conducted by Chad Morey of Intertek Testing Services of Cortland, New York. Additional sponsorship of the project came from Draeger Safety, Honeywell First Responder Products, ISG Infrasys, MSA, and Scott Safety. A number of changes that needed to be made were identied in the document. A Tentative Interim Amendmen
