1、NFPA1911Standard for the Inspection, Maintenance, Testing, and Retirement of In-Service Automotive Fire Apparatus Handbook 2012 1911NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, USAAn International Codes and Standards Organizationg49g41g51g36g15g3g20g3g37g68g87g87g72g85g92g80g68g85g70g75g3g51g68
2、g85g78g15g3g52g88g76g81g70g92g15g3g48g36g3g19g21g20g25g28g16g26g23g26g20g36g81g3g44g81g87g72g85g81g68g87g76g82g81g68g79g3g38g82g71g72g86g3g68g81g71g3g54g87g68g81g71g68g85g71g86g3g50g85g74g68g81g76g93g68g87g76g82g81NFPA1911Standard for the Inspection,Maintenance, Testing, andRetirement of In-ServiceA
3、utomotive Fire ApparatusHandbook 2012 Annotated by Ryan DepewCopyright 2012National Fire Protection AssociationOne Batterymarch Park Quincy, Massachusetts 02169-7471 All rights reserved. About this Handbook EditionThis PDF contains the complete 2012 edition of NFPA 1911, Standard for the Inspection,
4、 Maintenance, Testing, and Retirement of In-Service Automotive, annotated to assist the readers understanding of the standards language and the intent behind it. The annotations are not part of the NFPA Standard but provide a valuable commentary reflecting the views, explanations, and insights of au
5、thors and contributors selected by the NFPA based on their knowledge of and experience with the standard.How to Navigate Between the Text of the Standard and the AnnotationsNavigate between code or standard text and annotations by using hyperlinked icons and code numbers.While in code or standard te
6、xt, click on hyperlinked icon* to the left of the standard section to navigate to corresponding annotations. Click on the hyperlinked annotative standard section number 1.1 to return to previous standard section.*Please note, only the sections featuring icons contain annotations.For longer blocks of
7、 annotations, it is recommended that you enable the back arrow functionality in Acrobats page navigation menu, which will also allow you to return to the previous standard section.How to Ensure You Have the Most Up-to-date Version of the NFPA StandardThe NFPA Standard, in the edition contained herei
8、n, is current as of the effective date designated at the time the standard was issued 2012. This Handbook Edition does not, however, include errata, tentative interim amendments (TIAs), or formal interpretations (FIs) that may have been issued after the effective date. For all errata, TIAs, or FIs t
9、hat may have been issued since the effective date, or for any new editions that may have superseded this edition, please visit the “Document Information pages” link for the relevant NFPA Standard located in the “Codes email: stds_adminnfpa.org. For more information about NFPA, visit the NFPA website
10、 at www.nfpa.org.IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING THE HANDBOOK EDITIONNotice and Disclaimer Concerning LiabilityNotice Concerning Interpretations Contained in the AnnotationsISBN: 978-1455905676Publication of this (ANDBOOKEdition is for the purpose of circulating information and opinion
11、among those concerned for fire and electrical safety and related subjects. While every effort has been made to achieve a work of high quality, neither the NFPAnor the contributors to this (ANDBOOKEdition guarantee the accuracy or completeness of or assume any liability in connec-tion with the inform
12、ation and opinions contained in this (ANDBOOK%dition. The NFPA and thecontributors shall in no event be liable for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publicatio
13、n, use of, or reliance upon this (ANDBOOK EditioNThis (ANDBOOK Edition is published with the understanding that the NFPA and the contribu-tors to this (ANDBOOK Edition are supplying information and opinion but are not attempting torender engineering or other professional services. If such services a
14、re required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought.NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Documents”), includ-ing the NFPA Document that is the subject of this (ANDBOOKEdition, are made available for usesubject to Important Notices and Disclaimers Co
15、ncerning NFPA Documents, which are sepa-rately bookmarked and viewable in this (ANDBOOKEdition, and which can also be viewed at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers.NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Documents”), including the NFPA Document that is the subject of this (ANDBOOKEditio
16、n are developed in accordancewith the published procedures of the NFPA by technical committees comprised of volunteers drawn from a broad array of relevant interests. In this (ANDBOOKEdition the text of the NFPADocument is accompanied with annotations providing explanation and commentary on the mean
17、ing and intent of the Document. The annotations contained in this (ANDBOOK Edition are not a part of the NFPA Document and do not constitute Formal Interpretations of the NFPA (which can be obtained only through requests processed by the responsible technical committees in accordance with the publis
18、hed procedures of the NFPA). The annotations, therefore, solely reflect the personal opinions of the author or other contributors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the NFPA or its technical committees.Copyright 2012 National Fire Protection Association. All Rights Reserved.NF
19、PA1911Standard for theInspection, Maintenance, Testing, and Retirement of In-ServiceAutomotive Fire Apparatus2012 EditionThis edition of NFPA 1911, Standard for the Inspection, Maintenance, Testing, and Retirement ofIn-Service Automotive Fire Apparatus, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Fir
20、e Depart-ment Apparatus. It was issued by the Standards Council on December 13, 2011, with aneffective date of January 2, 2012, and supersedes all previous editions.This edition of NFPA 1911 was approved as an American National Standard on January 2, 2012.Origin and Development of NFPA 1911The 2007
21、edition of NFPA 1911, Standard for the Inspection, Maintenance, Testing, andRetirement of In-Service Automotive Fire Apparatus, combined three standards into a singledocument: NFPA 1911, Standard for Service Tests of Fire Pump Systems on Fire Apparatus;NFPA 1914, Standard for Testing Fire Department
22、 Aerial Devices; and NFPA 1915, Standard forFire Apparatus Preventive Maintenance Program. A chapter was added on the retirement offire apparatus. The out-of-service criteria in NFPA 1915 were reevaluated to define someconditions that require a fire apparatus to be taken out of service immediately a
23、nd someconditions that a technician needs to evaluate on a case-by-case basis to determine if theapparatus is safe for continued use. The term service test was changed to performance test,and new testing requirements were added for the apparatus chassis, low-voltage electricalsystem, foam proportion
24、ing system, compressed airfoam system, line voltage electricalsystem, and breathing aircompressor system.The 2012 edition of this standard is a general update and review of the document withminor editorial clarifications.History of NFPA 1911The first edition of NFPA 1911 was issued in 1987 and was t
25、itled Standard on Acceptance andService Tests of Fire Department Pumping Apparatus. It incorporated much of the material for-merly included in the pamphlet Fire Department Pumper Tests and Fire Stream Tables, published bythe National Board of Fire Underwriters and later by the Insurance Services Off
26、ice.In 1991, the requirements for the testing of fire pumps on new fire apparatus were transferredto the standards for new fire apparatus. Material previously referenced from other documents wasadded to make this document self-contained. The requirements were changed to include pumpsof 250 gpm (1000
27、 L/min) and larger capacity rated at 150 psi (1000 kPa).The 1997 edition expanded the tables to include data for pumps to 3000 gpm (12,000 L/min),added accuracy requirements for flow and speed measuring equipment, and required a tank-to-pump flow-rate check. The name of the standard was changed to S
28、tandard for Service Tests of FirePump Systems on Fire Apparatus to reflect that components of the pumping system, such as thetank-to-pump piping, were being checked.The 2002 edition added requirements for testing the priming device, the intake reliefvalve system, and, for pumps rated at 750 gpm (300
29、0 L/min) or more, the pumping engineoverload capability.History of NFPA 1914The first edition of NFPA 1914 dates to 1954, when the Fire Department EquipmentCommittee presented a document titled Standard Procedure for Aerial Ladder Testing, which wasdesignated as NFPA 193 for tentative adoption. In 1
30、955, it received final adoption. The docu-ment contained separate tests for wood and metal aerial ladders.19111NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.In 1958, material covering the use, maintena
31、nce, and testing of in-service ground ladders was added to the docu-ment, and a single procedure for testing both wood and metal aerial ladders was approved. The 1959 edition addedrequirements for new aluminum ground ladders for fire department use. The 1972 edition introduced tests forevaluating pl
32、atforms.In 1975, NFPA 193 was separated into two documents, one for aerial ladders and the other for ground ladders. The newRecommended Practice for the Maintenance, Care, Testing, and Use of Fire Department Aerial Ladders and Elevating Platforms wasdesignated as NFPA 1904. The ground ladders were c
33、overed in NFPA 1931, Standard on Fire Department Ground Ladders.A complete revision in 1980 changed the document to a standard and renamed it Standard for Testing Fire DepartmentAerial Ladders and Elevating Platforms. In 1988, more details on required inspections were included and requirementsfor no
34、ndestructive testing of critical components and the testing of water towers were added. The document wasrenumbered and renamed NFPA 1914, Standard for Testing Fire Department Aerial Devices.The 1991 edition added clarification to the acceptance criteria for weld and other nondestructive testing insp
35、ec-tions, revised the requirements for water system tests, and included required testing of additional components of theaerial devices. The 1997 edition added text to provide repair recommendations when the manufacturer is no longer inbusiness, required that free weights be used in testing, allowed
36、for acoustic emission testing, added requirements fortesting secondary operating controls, and added a suggested form for recording the inspection and test results.The 2002 edition revised the qualifications for testing personnel, added additional requirements for the inspectionand testing of tracto
37、r-drawn components, and more clearly delineated when nondestructive testing is required inaddition to the inspections, operational tests, and load tests.History of NFPA 1915The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) report “Special Investigation ReportEmergency Fire Appara-tus,” adopted March 1
38、9, 1991, raised concerns about the quality and type of service and repair being done on fireapparatus. Subsequent inquiries from the Federal Department of Transportation (DOT) about the different types,uses, and weights of apparatus and how they are maintained prompted the International Association
39、of Fire Chiefs(IAFC) Apparatus Maintenance Section to petition NFPA to write a preventive maintenance standard for fire appara-tus. While NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program, requires fire departments toestablish a preventive maintenance program for their ap
40、paratus and equipment, there was no standard for such aprogram.The first edition of NFPA 1915, Standard for Fire Apparatus Preventive Maintenance Program, was issued in 2000 toestablish the minimum requirements for a preventive maintenance program for fire apparatus. These requirementswere designed
41、to improve the safety and reliability of fire apparatus and support the requirements in other NFPAstandards related to emergency vehicle maintenance programs.19112 INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, TESTING, AND RETIREMENT OF IN-SERVICE AUTOMOTIVE FIRE APPARATUS2012 EditionTechnical Committee on Fire Departme
42、nt ApparatusDonald Frazeur, ChairLos Angeles Fire Department, CA UElden L. Alexander, U.S. Department of the Interior,ID ERep. National Wildfire Coordinating GroupWalter C. Caldwell, Charlotte Fire Department, NC UJohn F. Carrier, California Department of Forestry usually used to refer to the temper
43、ature ofthe air in which a structure is situated or a device operates.414, 20123.3.8 American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT). Aprofessional organization that is devoted to promoting knowl-edge of nondestructive testing.3.3.9 American Welding Society (AWS). An association thatprovides code
44、s, guidelines, and standards utilized to evaluatewelded structures and components in welded structures.3.3.10 Ancillary Boom Ladder. A ladder or ladders affixed to atelescoping or articulating boom section.3.3.11 Articulating Boom. An aerial device consisting of twoor more folding boom sections whos
45、e extension and retrac-tion modes are accomplished by adjusting the angle of theknuckle joints. 1901, 20093.3.12 Automatic Electrical Load Management System. A de-vice that continuously monitors the electrical system voltageand automatically sheds predetermined loads in a selected or-der to prevent
46、overdischarging of the apparatus batteries.1901, 20093.3.13 Auxiliary Hydraulic Power. A small gasoline engine,diesel engine, or electric motordriven hydraulic pump usedto operate an aerial device in an emergency or in lieu of themain hydraulic system. 1901, 20093.3.14* Auxiliary Pump. A water pump
47、mounted on the fireapparatus that is used for fire-fighting operations that is nei-ther a fire pump, an industrial supply pump, nor a transferpump.3.3.15 Base Rail. The lower chord (rail) of an aerial ladder towhich rungs and reinforcements are attached. 1901, 20093.3.16 Base Section. The first or b
48、ottom section of an aerialdevice. 1901, 20093.3.17 Boom. An assembled section of an aerial device. Theboom construction can be of the stressed-skin box beam type,the trussed lattice type, or the open “U” truss-type design.1901, 20093.3.18 Boom Boost Cylinders. The hydraulic cylinders lo-cated on the
49、 upper boom of an articulating boom aerial de-vice that help lift the upper boom from the lower boom.3.3.19 Boom Support. A structural component that is at-tached to the chassis frame and that is used to support theaerial device when it is in the cradled position.3.3.20 Bow. The distance that the end of an aerial ladder orboom deviates from a straight line extension of the base section.3.3.21 Cable. A wire rope used to transmit forces from onecomp
