1、NFPA 291 Recommended Practice for Fire Flow Testing and Marking of Hydrants 2016 Edition NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471 An International Codes and Standards OrganizationIMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA DOCUMENTS NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY CONCERNING THE USE
2、 OF NFPA DOCUMENTS NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”), of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteer
3、s representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on re and other safety issues. While the NFPA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or
4、the soundness of any judgments contained in NFPA Standards. The NFPA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance o
5、n NFPA Standards. The NFPA also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. In issuing and making NFPA Standards available, the NFPA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is
6、the NFPA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstanc
7、es. The NFPA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of NFPA Standards. Nor does the NFPA list, certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certication or other statement of compliance with the re
8、quirements of this document shall not be attributable to the NFPA and is solely the responsibility of the certier or maker of the statement. REMINDER: UPDATING OF NFPA STANDARDS Users of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”) should be aware that NFPA Standards m
9、ay be amended from time to time through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata. An ofcial NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any Tentative Interim Amendment and any Errata then in effect. In order to determine
10、 whether an NFPA Standard has been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata, visit the Document Information Pages on NFPAs website. The Document Information Pages provide up-to-date, document specic information including any issued Tentative Interim Amendme
11、nts and Errata. To access the Document Information Page for a specic NFPA Standard, go to http:/www.nfpa.org/docinfo to choose from the list of NFPA Standards or use the search feature on the right to select the NFPA Standard number (e.g., NFPA 101). In addition to posting all existing Tentative Int
12、erim Amendments and Errata, the Document Information Page also includes the option to sign-up for an “Alert” feature to receive an email notication when new updates and other information are posted regarding the document. ISBN: 978-145591010-6 (Print) ISBN: 978-145591017-5 (PDF)IMPORTANT NOTICES AND
13、 DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA STANDARDS ADDITIONAL NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS Updating of NFPA Standards Users of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”) should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amend
14、ed from time to time through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata. An ofcial NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any Tentative Interim Amendments and any Errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a
15、 given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected through the issuance of Errata, consult appropriate NFPA publications such as the National Fire Codes Subscription Service, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org,
16、 or contact the NFPA at the address listed below. Interpretations of NFPA Standards A statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance with Section 6 of the Regulations Governing the Development of NFPA Standards shall not be considered the ofcial position of NFPA or any of its Commit
17、tees and shall not be considered to be, nor be relied upon as, a Formal Interpretation. Patents The NFPA does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights referenced in, related to, or asserted in connection with an NFPA Standard. The users of NFPA Standards bear the sole
18、responsibility for determining the validity of any such patent rights, as well as the risk of infringement of such rights, and the NFPA disclaims liability for the infringement of any patent resulting from the use of or reliance on NFPA Standards. NFPA adheres to the policy of the American National
19、Standards Institute (ANSI) regarding the inclusion of patents in American National Standards (“the ANSI Patent Policy”), and hereby gives the following notice pursuant to that policy: NOTICE: The users attention is called to the possibility that compliance with an NFPA Standard may require use of an
20、 invention covered by patent rights. NFPA takes no position as to the validity of any such patent rights or as to whether such patent rights constitute or include essential patent claims under the ANSI Patent Policy. If, in connection with the ANSI Patent Policy, a patent holder has led a statement
21、of willingness to grant licenses under these rights on reasonable and nondiscriminatory terms and conditions to applicants desiring to obtain such a license, copies of such led statements can be obtained, on request, from NFPA. For further information, contact the NFPA at the address listed below. L
22、aw and Regulations Users of NFPA Standards should consult applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations. NFPA does not, by the publication of its codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents
23、 may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights NFPA Standards are copyrighted. They are made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of safe prac
24、tices and methods. By making these documents available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the NFPA does not waive any rights in copyright to these documents. Use of NFPA Standards for regulatory purposes should be accomplished through adoption by reference. The term “adopt
25、ion by reference” means the citing of title, edition, and publishing information only. Any deletions, additions, and changes desired by the adopting authority should be noted separately in the adopting instrument. In order to assist NFPA in following the uses made of its documents, adopting authorit
26、ies are requested to notify the NFPA (Attention: Secretary, Standards Council) in writing of such use. For technical assistance and questions concerning adoption of NFPA Standards, contact NFPA at the address below. For Further Information All questions or other communications relating to NFPA Stand
27、ards and all requests for information on NFPA procedures governing its codes and standards development process, including information on the procedures for requesting Formal Interpretations, for proposing Tentative Interim Amendments, and for proposing revisions to NFPA standards during regular revi
28、sion cycles, should be sent to NFPA headquarters, addressed to the attention of the Secretary, Standards Council, NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101; email: stds_adminnfpa.org For more information about NFPA, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org. All NFPA codes and sta
29、ndards can be viewed at no cost at www.nfpa.org/freeaccess.291-1 NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169. Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association . All Rights Reserved. NFPA 291 Recom
30、mended Practice for Fire Flow Testing and Marking of Hydrants 2016 Edition This edition of NFPA 291, Recommended Practice for Fire Flow Testing and Marking of Hydrants, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Private Water Supply Piping Systems and released by the Correlating Committee on Automat
31、ic Sprinkler Systems. It was issued by the Standards Council on May 26, 2015, with an effective date of June 15, 2015, and supersedes all previous editions. This edition of NFPA 291 was approved as an American National Standard on June 15, 2015. Origin and Development of NFPA 291 The NFPA Committee
32、on Public Water Supplies for Private Fire Protection presented the idea of indicating the relative available re service water supply from hydrants in its 1934 report. The Committee felt then and feels now that such an indication is of substantial value to water and re departments. The following reco
33、mmendations were initially adopted in 1935. The Committee agreed that tests of individual hydrants did not give as complete and satisfactory results as group testing but expressed the opinion that tests of individual hydrants did have sufcient value to make the following recommendations worthy of ad
34、option. This was reconrmed with minor editorial changes in 1974. The 1977 edition was completely rewritten and a chapter on the ow testing of hydrants was added. The 1982 edition was reconrmed by the Committee. The 1988 edition of the document noted several changes that claried and reinforced certai
35、n recommendations. Specic guidance was added on the correct method of utilizing a pitot tube to gain accurate test results. The 1995 edition incorporated several changes in an attempt to make the document more user- friendly. Changes were also incorporated with regard to the layout of hydrant and wa
36、ter ow tests. The 2002 edition claried the recommendations for ow tests and was restructured to comply with the Manual of Style for NFPA Technical Committee Documents. The 2007 edition represented a reconrmation of the 2002 edition, as there were no technical changes. The 2010 edition claried the re
37、sponsibility for marking of hydrants. The 2013 edition of NFPA 291 added language recommending frequencies for ushing and ow testing of public hydrants in Section 4.13. No technical revisions have been made to the 2016 edition of NFPA 291.FIRE FLOW TESTING AND MARKING OF HYDRANTS 291-2 2016 Edition
38、Correlating Committee on Automatic Sprinkler Systems Kenneth W. Linder, Chair Swiss Re, CT I Jose R. Baz, JRB Associates Group Inc., FL M Rep. NFPA Latin American Section Kerry M. Bell, UL LLC, IL RT Tracey D. Bellamy, Telgian Corporation, GA U Rep. The Home Depot Russell P. Fleming, National Fire S
39、prinkler Association, Inc., NY M Scott T. Franson, The Viking Corporation, MI M Michael J. Friedman, Friedman Consulting, Inc., MD SE Raymond A. Grill, Arup, DC SE Luke Hilton, Liberty Mutual Property, NC I Alex Hoffman, Viking Fire Protection Inc., Canada IM Rep. Canadian Automatic Sprinkler Associ
40、ation Roland J. Huggins, American Fire Sprinkler Association, Inc., TX IM Sultan M. Javeri, SC Engineering, France IM Charles W. Ketner, National Automatic Sprinkler Fitters LU 669, MD L Rep. United Assn. of Journeymen & Apprentices of the Plumbing & Pipe Fitting Industry Andrew Kim, National Resear
41、ch Council of Canada, Canada RT John A. LeBlanc, FM Global, MA I David O. Lowrey, City of Boulder Fire Rescue, CO E Brock Mitchell, Extended Stay Hotels, NC U Garner A. Palenske, Aon Fire Protection Engineering Corporation, CA I J. William Sheppard, Sheppard & Associates, LLC, MI SE Douglas Paul Stu
42、ltz, US Department of the Navy, VA E J. Michael Thompson, The Protection Engineering Group, PC, VA SE Lynn K. Underwood, Axis US Property, IL I Alternates Donald D. Becker, RJC & Associates, Inc., IA IM (Alt. to R. J. Huggins) Ralph E. Bless, Jr., Telgian Corporation, GA U (Alt. to T. D. Bellamy) Br
43、ian Paul Carnazza, US Department of the Navy, VA E (Alt. to D. P. Stultz) James P. Carroll, Liberty Mutual Insurance, FL I (Alt. to L. Hilton) David B. Fuller, FM Global, MA I (Alt. to J. A. LeBlanc) James G. Gallup, Aon Fire Protection Engineering Corp., AZ I (Alt. to G. A. Palenske) Jeffrey E. Har
44、per, Hughes Associates/RJA Group, IL SE (Alt. to R. A. Grill) Jeff Hebenstreit, UL LLC, IL RT (Alt. to K. M. Bell) Scott T. Martorano, The Viking Corporation, MI M (Alt. to S. T. Franson) John G. ONeill, The Protection Engineering Group, PC, VA SE (Alt. to J. M. Thompson) Donato A. Pirro, Electro Si
45、stemas De Panama, S.A., Panama M (Alt. to J. R. Baz) Jason W. Ryckman, Canadian Automatic Sprinkler Association, Canada IM (Alt. to A. Hoffman) Adam Seghi, Coda Risk Analysis, TX I (Alt. to L. K. Underwood) Joseph Su, National Research Council of Canada, Canada RT (Alt. to A. Kim) Nonvoting James B.
46、 Biggins, Global Risk Consultants Corporation, IL SE Rep. TC on Hanging & Bracing of Water-Based Systems Robert G. Caputo, Fire & Life Safety America, CA SE Rep. TC on Foam-Water Sprinklers William E. Koffel, Koffel Associates, Inc., MD SE Rep. Safety to Life Correlating Committee Russell B. Leavitt
47、, Telgian Corporation, AZ U Rep. TC on Sprinkler System Discharge Criteria Joe W. Noble, Noble Consulting Services, LLC, NV E Rep. TC on Sprinkler System Installation Criteria Maurice M. Pilette, Mechanical Designs Ltd., MA SE Rep. TC on Residential Sprinkler Systems Kenneth W. Wagoner, Parsley Cons
48、ulting Engineers, CA SE Rep. TC on Private Water Supply Piping Systems John J. Walsh, UA Joint Apprenticeship Committee Local 669, MD SE Rep. United Assn. of Journeymen & Apprentices of the Plumbing & Pipe Fitting Industry (Member Emeritus) Matthew J. Klaus, NFPA Staff Liaison This list represents t
49、he membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the nal text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classications is found at the back of the document. NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves.COMMITTEE PERSONNEL 291-3 2016 Edition Committee Scope: This Committee shall have ove
