1、 NFPA 550 2017 Guide to the Fire Safety Concepts TreeIMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA STANDARDS NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY CONCERNING THE USE OF NFPA STANDARDS NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”), of which the document contained herein
2、 is one, are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on re and other safety issues. While the NFPA administers the proc
3、ess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in NFPA Standards. The NFPA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other da
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6、r her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. The NFPA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of NFPA Standards. Nor does the NF
7、PA list, certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certication or other statement of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to the NFPA and is solely the responsibility of the certier or maker of the stat
8、ement. REMINDER: UPDATING OF NFPA STANDARDS Users of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”) should be aware that NFPA Standards may be amended from time to time through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata. An ofcial NFPA Standard a
9、t any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any Tentative Interim Amendment and any Errata then in effect. In order to determine whether an NFPA Standard has been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata, visit the “Cod
10、es email: stds_adminnfpa.org. For more information about NFPA, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org. All NFPA codes and standards can be viewed at no cost at www.nfpa.org/docinfo.550-1 NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Associati
11、on, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169. Copyright 2016 National Fire Protection Association . All Rights Reserved. NFPA 550 Guide to the Fire Safety Concepts Tree 2017 Edition This edition of NFPA 550, Guide to the Fire Safety Concepts Tree, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Fire Risk Assessment M
12、ethods. It was issued by the Standards Council on November 11, 2016, with an effective date of December 1, 2016, and supersedes all previous editions. This edition of NFPA 550 was approved as an American National Standard on December 1, 2016. Origin and Development of NFPA 550 The NFPA Committee on
13、Systems Concepts was organized to be responsible for developing systems concepts and criteria for re protection in structures. A primary accomplishment of this committee was the development of the Fire Safety Concepts Tree. This Guide to the Fire Safety Concepts Tree was developed by the Committee o
14、n Systems Concepts in 1985. Appreciation is extended to Dr. John M. Watts, Jr., of the Fire Safety Institute for his major contribution to the contents of this document. The Committee on Systems Concepts was discharged in October 1990, at which time the Standards Council assumed responsibility for t
15、his document. The 1995 edition represented a reconrmation of the 1986 edition with editorial clarications. The 2002 edition represented the majority of the 1995 edition with changes reecting NFPAs requirements for document uniformity as prescribed by the Manual of Style for NFPA Technical Committee
16、Documents. The changes consisted of formatting, renumbering, and editorial clarications. Minor changes were made to content and several deletions made with respect to unreferenced text. The 2007 edition represented a reconrmation of the 2002 edition. The 2012 edition represented a reconrmation of th
17、e 2007 edition with updates to referenced publications where necessary. The 2017 edition represents a reconrmation of the 2012 edition with updates to references where necessary.FIRE SAFETY CONCEPTS TREE 550-2 2017 Edition Technical Committee on Fire Risk Assessment Methods Brian J. Meacham, Chair W
18、orcester Polytechnic Institute, MA SE Kumar R. Bhimavarapu, FM Global, MA I David G. Bueche, Hoover Treated Wood Products, CO M Shane M. Clary, Bay Alarm Company, CA M Rep. Automatic Fire Alarm Association, Inc. Lisa M. Cockerill, Region of Peel, Canada U D. Allan Coutts, AECOM, SC U Kenneth W. Dung
19、an, Performance Design Technologies, TN SE Simon Foo, Public Works & Government Services Canada (PWGSC), Canada U Ellsworth Fortman, Los Angeles City Fire Department, CA E Tonya L. Hoover, CAL FIRE, Ofce of the State Fire Marshal, CA E Morgan J. Hurley, AON Fire Protection Engineering, MD I Seong-Wo
20、ok Jeong, Hanwha E&C, South Korea SE Francisco Joglar, JENSEN HUGHES, VA SE Frank L. Keisler, Jr., CNA Insurance Company, GA I Roz Nielsen, BC Hydro, Canada U Dale Peleski, SUPERVALU, Inc., MN U James T. Porter, Safety and Fire Consultant, MI M Rep. Ford Motor Company Jemmel A. Pursoo, Leidos, VA U
21、Michael E. G. Schmidt, Mahwah, NJ SE Nathan O. Siu, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, DC E Rep. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Wayne R. Sohlman, Nuclear Electric Insurance Ltd., DE I Karl K. Thompson, Florida Division of State Fire Marshal, FL E Victoria B. Valentine, National Fire Sprinkler A
22、ssociation, Inc., NY M Rep. National Fire Sprinkler Association John M. Watts, Jr., Fire Safety Institute, VT SE David T. L. Yung, Yung and Associates, Canada SE Alternates Grunde Jomaas, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Denmark SE (Alt. to John M. Watts, Jr.) Stephen Love, Supervalu, Inc., MN
23、U (Alt. to Dale Peleski) Michael Manseld, CNA Insurance Company, IL I (Alt. to Frank L. Keisler, Jr.) Rodger Reiswig, Tyco/SimplexGrinnell, FL M (Alt. to Shane M. Clary) Robert Upson, National Fire Sprinkler Association, NY M (Alt. to Victoria B. Valentine) Nonvoting Luca Fiorentini, Tecsa S.P.A., I
24、taly SE Robert Solomon, NFPA Staff Liaison This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the nal text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classications is found at the back of the document. NOTE: Membership on a comm
25、ittee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves. Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents covering the following: (1) frameworks that identify the relationships
26、of re safety concepts used for re prevention and re control, including codes, standards and recommended practices, and (2) frameworks that describe the properties of risk assessment methods for use in regulations.CONTENTS 550-3 2017 Edition Contents Chapter 1 Administration 550 4 1.1 Scope. . 550 4
27、1.2 Purpose. . 550 4 1.3 Application. 550 4 Chapter 2 Referenced Publications 550 4 2.1 General. 550 4 2.2 NFPA Publications. 550 4 2.3 Other Publications. . 550 4 2.4 References for Extracts in Advisory Sections. (Reserved) 550 4 Chapter 3 Denitions . 550 4 3.1 General. 550 4 3.2 NFPA Ofcial Deniti
28、ons. 550 4 3.3 General Denitions. 550 5 3.4 Glossary Terms. 550 6 Chapter 4 Structure of the Fire Safety Concepts Tree 550 7 4.1 General. 550 7 4.2 Logic Gates. 550 7 4.3 Fire Safety Objectives. . 550 8 4.4 Prevent Fire Ignition. 550 8 4.5 Manage Fire Impact. . 550 9 Chapter 5 Applications . 550 11
29、5.1 General. 550 11 5.2 Communications. 550 11 5.3 Code Equivalency. . 550 11 5.4 Building Management. 550 11 5.5 Building Design. 550 12 5.6 Building Change Management. 550 12 5.7 Performance-Based Evaluation. 550 12 5.8 Research. 550 12 5.9 Other Applications. . 550 12 Chapter 6 Limitations 550 12
30、 6.1 General. 550 12 6.2 Interaction of Concepts. . 550 12 6.3 Time Factors. . 550 12 6.4 Objectives. 550 12 6.5 Quantication. . 550 12 Chapter 7 Use of the Tree . 550 12 7.1 General. 550 12 7.2 Procedure. 550 12 7.3 Example. 550 13 Chapter 8 Reserved 550 14 Chapter 9 Administrative Action . 550 14
31、9.1 Administrative Action Guide. . 550 14 9.2 Administrative Structure. 550 14 Annex A Explanatory Material 550 15 Annex B Informational References (Reserved) 550 15 Index . 550 16FIRE SAFETY CONCEPTS TREE 550-4 2017 Edition NFPA 550 Guide to the Fire Safety Concepts Tree 2017 Edition IMPORTANT NOTE
32、: This NFPA document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning NFPA Standards.” They can also be view
33、ed at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers or obtained on request from NFPA. UPDATES, ALERTS, AND FUTURE EDITIONS: New editions of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (i.e., NFPA Standards) are released on scheduled revision cycles. This edition may be superseded by a later one, or it may b
34、e amended outside of its scheduled revision cycle through the issuance of Tenta tive Interim Amendments (TIAs). An ofcial NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document, together with all TIAs and Errata in effect. To verify that this document is the current editi
35、on or to determine if it has been amended by TIAs or Errata, please consult the National Fire Codes Subscription Service or the “List of NFPA Codes & Standards” at www.nfpa.org/docinfo. In addition to TIAs and Errata, the document information pages also include the option to sign up for alerts for i
36、ndividual documents and to be involved in the development of the next edition. NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter designating a paragraph indicates that explanatory material on the paragraph can be found in Annex A. A reference in brackets following a section or paragraph indicat
37、es material that has been extracted from another NFPA document. As an aid to the user, the complete title and edition of the source documents for extracts in mandatory sections of the document are given in Chapter 2. Extracted text may be edited for consistency and style and may include the revision
38、 of internal paragraph references and other references as appro priate. Requests for interpretations or revisions of extracted text shall be sent to the technical committee responsible for the source document. Information on referenced publications can be found in Chapter 2. Chapter 1 Administration
39、 1.1 Scope. This guide describes the structure, application, and limitations of the Fire Safety Concepts Tree. 1.2 Purpose. This guide is intended to provide tools to assist the Fire Safety Practitioner (e.g., Designer, Engineer, Code Ofcial) in communicating re safety and protection concepts. Its u
40、se can assist with the analysis of codes or standards and facilitate the development of performance-based designs. 1.3 Application. The Fire Safety Concepts Tree provides an overall structure with which to analyze the potential impact of re safety strategies. It can identify gaps and areas of redun
41、dancy in re protection strategies as an aid in making re safety decisions. The use of the Fire Safety Concepts Tree should be accompanied by the application of sound re protec tion engineering principles. Chapter 2 Referenced Publications 2.1 General. The documents or portions thereof listed in this
42、 chapter are referenced within this guide and should be consid ered part of the recommendations of this document. 2.2 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471. NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2016 edition. NFPA 7
43、0 , National Electrical Code , 2014 edition. NFPA 75, Standard for the Fire Protection of Information Technol ogy Equipment, 2016 edition.National Fire Protection Association “Fire Safety Concepts Tree,” 2002 edition. 2.3 Other Publications. 2.3.1 ANSI/UL Publications. Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
44、, 333 Pngsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-2096. ANSI/UL 913, Intrinsically Safe Apparatus and Associated Appa ratus for Use in Class I, II, and III, Division 1 Hazardous (Classied) Locations, 2006, revised 2013. 2.3.2 SFPE Publications. Society of Fire Protection Engineers, 9711 Washingtonian Bouleva
45、rd, Suite 380, Gaithersburg, MD 20878. SFPE Engineering Guide to Performance-Based Fire Protection, 2nd edition, 2007. 2.3.3 Other Publications. Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springeld, MA, 2003. 2.4 References for Extracts in Advisory Sections. (Reserv
46、ed) Chapter 3 Denitions 3.1 General. The denitions contained in this chapter apply to the terms used in this guide. Where terms are not dened in this chapter or within another chapter, they should be dened using their ordinarily accepted meanings within the context in which they are used. Merriam-We
47、bsters Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, is the source for the ordinarily accepted meaning. Descriptions of elements or concepts in the Fire Safety Concepts Tree have been provided to help convey the intent of the Systems Concepts Committee. These descriptions are inten ded as a guide to the thin
48、king that framed the tree and should not restrict alternative interpretation of the concepts if such alternative descriptions are based on appropriate re protec tion engineering principles. For example, it might be appropri ate to a specic application of the tree to dene “Prevent Fire Ignition” in t
49、erms of a ame height or a rate of heat release. At the same time, this is the only published source of denitions of these concepts and is, therefore, a step toward better communication through common understanding. Italicized terms in the descriptions of Fire Safety Concepts Tree elements are dened in Section 3.4, Glossary Terms. 3.2 NFPA Ofcial Denitions. 3.2.1* Approved. Acceptable to the authority having jur
