1、Copyright 2014 National Fire Protection Association. All Rights Reserved.NFPA914Code forFire Protection of Historic Structures2015 EditionThis edition of NFPA 914, Code for Fire Protection of Historic Structures, was prepared by theTechnical Committee on Cultural Resources. It was issued by the Stan
2、dards Council on No-vember 11, 2014, with an effective date of December 1, 2014, and supersedes all previouseditions.This edition of NFPA 914 was approved as an American National Standard on December 1,2014.Origin and Development of NFPA 914The Technical Committee on Cultural Resources was first org
3、anized in 1940 as the Com-mittee on Libraries, Museums, and Historic Buildings. The first committee document, pub-lished in 1948, was the manual Protecting Our Heritage: Historic Buildings, Museums, and Libraries.A second edition of the manual was published in 1970.The Committee has revised and upda
4、ted this document from a recommended practice toa code to recognize changes in the state of the art, to make the document more usable, and toreflect the new technology in fire detection and fire extinguishing systems. The Committeeapproved a request in November 1984 to develop a publication similar
5、to NFPA 913, whichwas withdrawn in 1997, but its scope of coverage included protection criteria for historicstructures for buildings that were to be rehabilitated for new uses. A recommended practicewas prepared in draft form for the 1988 Annual Meeting but was not considered by theCommittee to be r
6、eady for publication. The Committee continued to revise and organize thematerial, and the document was submitted once again at the 1989 Annual Meeting in Wash-ington, DC, where the first edition was adopted. The original title was Recommended Practice forFire Protection in Rehabilitation and Adaptiv
7、e Reuse of Historic Structures.In the early part of 1993, the Committee moved to consolidate the various requirementsfor churches, museums, and libraries into a common standard. That consolidation wasachieved in 1997 with the issuance of NFPA 909, Standard for the Protection of Cultural Resources,In
8、cluding Museums, Libraries, Places of Worship, and Historic Properties. While this new standardwas being developed, a further need to deal with the unique properties of historic structureswas identified: In many applications, traditional requirements of codes and standards did notprovide practical s
9、olutions to correcting fire protection deficiencies in historic properties.Previous editions of NFPA 914 contained somewhat expanded fire protection guidelines,including the need to develop an overall fire protection plan that emphasized managementsresponsibility in addressing fire protection and th
10、e importance of preserving the historicintegrity of these irreplaceable artifacts of history and culture. However, the document stilldid not contain a roadmap to accomplish these goals. The changes made to the document inthe 2001 edition were quite substantial in this regard. Among the revisions was
11、 the designa-tion of the 2001 edition as a code rather than as a recommended practice. The documentgave clear guidance instead of good ideas. Designation as a code also allowed for a documentto be adopted by law into a state or local jurisdiction, since it used mandatory language.Given the unique na
12、ture of this document an attempt to cover the gamut of existingstructures with no occupancy change, structures that had been undergoing an adaptive reusetransformation, or those structures that simply had never been regulated before, given thelack of an authoritative document on this subject the 200
13、1 edition contained both aprescriptive approach as well as a performance-based approach to finding solutions to the lifesafety and fire safety problems in historic structures. In both cases, NFPA 914 maintained theimportance of preventing or minimizing the intrusion of fire protection systems or sol
14、utionsso as not to destroy the fabric or significance of the structure.9141NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.Also of significance in the 2001 edition was the addition of a process whereby t
15、hose individuals responsible formanaging the fire protection plan for a building could be considered part of the overall fire protection plan for thebuilding. This approach allowed specific direction to be given for needs assessment, both from the fire protectionmanagement standpoint as well as from
16、 the historic significance standpoint. This process allows the responsible partiesto develop and implement a plan that encompasses all aspects of the historic structure or site so that it can be preservedfor future generations. A major addition to the 2001 edition that provided guidance for carrying
17、 out this approach wasfound in Chapter 10, Management Operational Systems.The 2007 edition underwent a major reorganization to come into further compliance with the Manual of Style forNFPA Technical Committee Documents and to better correlate with the 2005 edition of NFPA 909, Code for the Protectio
18、n ofCultural Resource Properties Museums, Libraries, and Places of Worship. A new chapter on security and a new annex thatillustrates compliance alternatives were added. Technical revisions were also made pertaining to life safety perfor-mance criteria; temporary enclosures; deficiencies discovered
19、during compliance audits; documentation of modifica-tions to prescriptive requirements; housekeeping practices; hot work; cabling; commercial cooking and food serviceoperations; additions, alterations, and repairs; roofing; plumbing; temporary wiring; fire doors; inspection, testing,and maintenance
20、of fire protection systems; and the use of combustible packing materials. Revisions were also maderegarding the type of automatic sprinklers to be used in historic structures properties, and information was added onmanagement operations systems and emergency response plans.The 2010 edition added cri
21、teria and survey forms for conducting vulnerability assessments to mitigate the risk ofarson in historic structures; guidance on implementing operational controls; requirement for arc fault circuit inter-rupters (AFCIs) to protect electrical circuits; criteria for protection against wildfires; crite
22、ria for the determination ofcontractor qualifications for working in historic structures; inspection, testing, and maintenance requirements forpremises security systems; special event security and protection criteria; new Annex R, NFPA 914 Case Studies; newAnnex S, Protection of Historic Districts;
23、new Annex T, Example Code Exceptions for Historic Buildings; and newAnnex U, Security Systems.For the 2015 edition, the Codes scope, goals, and objectives have been revised to include security. Consistent withthe revised scope, security requirements have been revised, consolidated, and relocated to
24、a new Chapter 12 to followthe fire prevention requirements of Chapter 11. Plenum storage requirements have been extracted from NFPA 90A,Standard for the Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems, and added to Chapter 11. All extracted provisionshave been updated through the Fall 2014
25、revision cycle.9142 FIRE PROTECTION OF HISTORIC STRUCTURES2015 EditionTechnical Committee on Cultural ResourcesDonald C. Moeller, ChairThe Fire Consultants, Inc., CA ERep. California State Historical Building Safety BoardMichael Coull, SecretaryHeritage Fire and Safety Ltd., Scotland, United Kingdom
26、 SERep. Historic ScotlandClare Ray Allshouse, City of Shoreline, Washington, WAENicholas Artim, Fire-Safety Network, VT SEEileen E. Brady, Washington State University, WA USteve Carter, Orr Protection Systems, Inc., KY MRep. Fire Suppression Systems AssociationJohn E. Chartier, Rhode Island State Fi
27、re Marshal, RI ERep. National Association of State Fire MarshalsGrant Crosby, U.S. Department of the Interior, AK ELaura E. Doyle, U.S General Services Administration, DCUWilbur Faulk, Pepperdine University, CA URobert F. Fisher, FM Global, OH IRussell P. Fleming, National Fire Sprinkler Association
28、,Inc., NY MDeborah L. Freeland, Arthur J. Gallagher an elevatorhoistway; an escalator opening; or as a utility shaft used forplumbing, electrical, air- conditioning, or communications fa-cilities. 101, 20153.3.8 Barrier.3.3.8.1* Fire Barrier. A continuous membrane or a mem-brane with discontinuities
29、 created by protected openingswith a specified fire protection rating, where such mem-brane is designed and constructed with a specified fire re-sistance rating to limit the spread of fire. 101, 20153.3.8.2* Smoke Barrier. A continuous membrane, or amembrane with discontinuities created by protected
30、 open-ings, where such membrane is designed and constructed torestrict the movement of smoke. 101, 20153.3.9 Building Manager. The authorized person, formally andofficially appointed or designated by the governing body or aresponsible party, who is charged with the duties and respon-sibilities of pr
31、oviding and ensuring the overall management,operation, and maintenance for that facility or institution.3.3.10* Building Systems. An assembly or set of units made upof components that provide services to spaces in a building.3.3.11* Buildings. Structures, usually enclosed by walls and aroof, constru
32、cted to provide support or shelter for an in-tended occupancy.3.3.12 Character-Defining Feature. A prominent or distinctiveaspect, quality, or characteristic of a cultural resource propertythat contributes significantly to its physical character.3.3.13 Collections. Prehistoric and historic objects,
33、works ofart, scientific specimens, religious objects, archival docu-ments, archeological artifacts, library media, and cultural ma-terials assembled according to some rational scheme andmaintained for the purpose of preservation, research, study,exhibition, publication, or interpretation .3.3.14 Com
34、partment. See 3.3.29, Fire Compartment.9148 FIRE PROTECTION OF HISTORIC STRUCTURES2015 Edition3.3.15 Compliance. Adherence or conformance to laws andstandards.3.3.16* Conservation. The professional practice of examina-tion, documentation, treatment, and preventative care de-voted to the preservation
35、 of cultural property.3.3.17 Cultural Landscape. A geographic area (includingboth cultural and natural resources and the wildlife or domes-tic animals therein) associated with a historic event, activity, orperson, or exhibiting other cultural or aesthetic values.3.3.18* Cultural Resource Properties.
36、 Buildings, structures, orsites, or portions thereof, that are culturally significant, or thathouse culturally significant collections for museums, libraries,and places of worship.3.3.19 Damage Limitation Plan. Written procedures that out-line and prioritize the actions to take following a disaster
37、tominimize property damage and loss.3.3.20* Design Specification. A building characteristic andother conditions that are under the control of the designteam. 101, 20153.3.21* Design Team. A group of stakeholders including, butnot limited to, representatives of the architect, client, and anypertinent
38、 engineers and other designers. 101, 20153.3.22 Early Warning. A signal provided by a system that de-tects fire in its earliest stages of development to enhance theopportunity of building occupants to escape and to com-mence manual suppression of the fire prior to arrival of fireservice units.3.3.23
39、 Equivalency. An alternative means of providing anequal or greater degree of safety than that afforded by strictconformance to prescribed codes and standards. 101, 20153.3.24 Exit. That portion of a means of egress that is sepa-rated from all other spaces of the building or structure byconstruction,
40、 location, or equipment as required to provide aprotected way of travel to the exit discharge. 101, 20153.3.25 Exit Access. That portion of a means of egress thatleads to an exit. 101, 20153.3.26 Exit Discharge. That portion of a means of egress be-tween the termination of an exit and a public way.
41、101, 20153.3.27* Exposure Fire. A fire that starts at a location that isremote from the area being protected and grows to exposethat which is being protected. 101, 20153.3.28* Feature (Cultural Landscape). The smallest ele-ment(s) of a landscape that contributes to the significanceand that can be th
42、e subject of a treatment intervention.3.3.29 Fire Compartment. A space within a building that isenclosed by fire barriers on all sides, including the top andbottom. 5000, 20153.3.30 Fire Hazard. Any situation, process, material, or con-dition that, on the basis of applicable data, can cause a fire o
43、rexplosion or that can provide a ready fuel supply to augmentthe spread or intensity of a fire or explosion, all of which posea threat to life or property.3.3.31 Fire Load. The total energy content of combustiblematerials in a building, space, or area including furnishingand contents and combustible
44、 building elements expressed inMJ. 557, 20123.3.32* Fire Model. Mathematical prediction of fire growth,environmental conditions, and potential effects on structures,systems, or components based on the conservation equationsor empirical data. 805, 20153.3.33 Fire Resistance Rating. The time, in minut
45、es or hours,that materials or assemblies have withstood a fire exposure asestablished in accordance with the test procedures of ASTME119, Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Constructionand Materials.3.3.34 Fire Resistive. Property or design to resist the effects ofany fire to which a m
46、aterial or structure can be expected to besubjected.3.3.35 Fire Retardant. A liquid, solid, or gas that tends to in-hibit combustion when applied on, mixed in, or combinedwith combustible materials. 1, 20153.3.36* Fire Safety Manager. A person identified by the gov-erning body who is responsible for
47、 developing, implementing,exercising, and conducting routine evaluations of fire safetyprovisions of the code.3.3.37 Fire Watch. The assignment of a person or persons toan area for the express purpose of notifying the fire depart-ment, the building occupants, or both of an emergency; pre-venting a f
48、ire from occurring; extinguishing small fires; orprotecting the public from fire or life safety dangers. 1, 20153.3.38 Firestop. A specific system, device, or constructionconsisting of the materials that fill the openings around pen-etrating items such as cables, cable trays, conduits, ducts,pipes,
49、and their means of support through the wall or flooropenings to prevent the spread of fire. 5000, 20153.3.39 Fuel Load. The total quantity of combustible contentsof a building, space, or fire area, including interior finish andtrim, expressed in heat units or the equivalent weight in wood.921, 20143.3.40 Goal. A nonspecific overall outcome to be achievedthat is measured on a qualitative basis. 101, 20153.3.41 Governing Body. The board of directors, trustees,owner, or other body charged with governance and fiduciaryrespo
