1、Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems Installation HandbookBK-NFPA-MEDGAS-140497-FM.indd 1 1/13/2015 5:17:10 PMBK-NFPA-MEDGAS-140497-FM.indd 2 1/13/2015 5:17:10 PMPartMedical Gas and Vacuum Systems Installation HandbookEdited by Jonathan R. HartFire Protection EngineerNational Fire Protection AssociationNa
2、tional Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MassachusettsWith extracts from Chapters 1 through 5 and Annexes A and B of the 2015 edition of NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code2015 EditionBK-NFPA-MEDGAS-140497-FM.indd 3 1/13/2015 5:17:13 PMProduct Management: Debra RoseDevelopment project management
3、 professional; medical gas instructor, installer, inspector, and verifier; maintenance professional and holds certificates for Six Sigma, LEAN, and ASHE Healthcare Construction.xiiiBK-NFPA-MEDGAS-140497-FM.indd 13 1/13/2015 5:17:17 PMBK-NFPA-MEDGAS-140497-FM.indd 14 1/13/2015 5:17:17 PMPart1Medical
4、Gas and Vacuum Systems Installation Handbook Extracts from NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code, 2015 edition, with Commentary The Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems Installation Handbook is presented in two parts. Part 1 extracts code requirements, annexes, and associated commentary from the 2015 editi
5、on of the Health Care Facilities Code Handbook. Chapters 1, 2, 4, and 5 and portions of Chapter 3 of NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code, are included in this book together with the companion expert commentary from the handbook for those chapters. This handbook also includes the text of Annex A, in
6、serted immediately following the code text it discusses. Annex A is not part of the enforceable requirements but is provided as information and guidance. This annex text is added in place for the readers convenience. Annex B of NFPA 99, which provides the reader with additional explanatory material,
7、 is found at the end of the five chapters. For the entire text of NFPA 99, see www.nfpa.org/99.1Special FeaturesCode UpdatesIdentifies code sections that have been revised and where the commentary explains the reasoning for the change.Existing FacilitiesIdentifies the code requirements that apply to
8、 existing facilities.FAQsIdentifies specific code questions that are commonly received by NFPA staff and that are answered within the commentary.BK-NFPA-MEDGAS-140497-Chp01.indd 1 1/13/2015 5:21:31 PMBK-NFPA-MEDGAS-140497-Chp01.indd 2 1/13/2015 5:21:31 PM3AdministrationThe Medical Gas and Vacuum Sys
9、tems Installation Handbook is an extract from NFPA 99, Health Care Fa-cilities Code. Medical gas and vacuum systems are an important portion of the complete content of NFPA 99, which includes other subjects such as electrical systems, electrical equipment, gas equip-ment, emergency and security mana
10、gement, and other health care facility specific subjects. Chapters 1 through 5 are extracted from NFPA 99 into this handbook to provide those interested exclusively in medical gas and vacuum system requirements a complete document without extraneous material. The 2015 edition builds on a major rewri
11、te of the code that occurred with the 2012 edition. The shift from an occupancy-based code to a risk-based code has been continued and several technical changes have occurred between the 2012 and 2015 editions. This handbook is designed to help users of the code become familiar with these changes as
12、 well as with other provisions of the code.1Editors Note: The following chapter is extracted in its entirety from Chapter 1 of the 2015 edition of NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code. Commentary is also provided to explain the code and assist the user and is not part of the code. NFPA 99 can be vie
13、wed in full at: www.nfpa.org/99. 1.1 Scope.Section 1.1 reflects the scopes of the individual chapters within the 2015 edition of NFPA 99. As noted previously, the first five chapters of NFPA 99 are contained in this handbook. 1.1.1 The scope of this code is to establish minimum criteria as follows i
14、n 1.1.2 through 1.1.13.1.1.2 Fundamentals. Chapter 4 establishes criteria for levels of health care services or sys-tems based on risk to the patients, staff, or visitors in health care facilities.1.1.3 Gas and Vacuum Systems.1.1.3.1 Chapter 5 covers the performance, maintenance, installation, and t
15、esting of the following:(1) Nonflammable medical gas systems with operating pressures below a gauge pressure of 2068 kPa (300 psi)(2) Vacuum systems in health care facilitiesBK-NFPA-MEDGAS-140497-Chp01.indd 3 1/13/2015 5:21:33 PM2015 Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems Installation Handbook5Section 1.1 S
16、cope4Chapter 1 Administration(3) Waste anesthetic gas disposal (WAGD) systems, also referred to as scavenging(4) Manufactured assemblies that are intended for connection to the medical gas, vacuum, or WAGD systems (also referred to as scavenging)1.1.3.2 Requirements for portable compressed gas syste
17、ms are covered in Chapter 11.1.1.4 Electrical Systems.1.1.4.1 Chapter 6 covers the performance, maintenance, and testing of electrical systems (both normal and essential) in health care facilities.Chapter 6, Electrical Systems, which is not included in this handbook but is referenced in Chapter 5 of
18、 NFPA 99, does not apply to all health care facilities or all situations. Those responsible for a particular health care facility, or for an individual patient care function within a health care facility, are urged to evaluate the application of this chapter in relation to their particular situation
19、. See 6.3.2.2.10 of NFPA 99 for how the chapter is meant to apply. If additional electrical supply features are installed, installation must be done in a manner consistent with the details and philosophy of Chapter 6.Chapter 6 is to be used in conjunction with NFPA 70, particularly Article 517, whic
20、h addresses health care facilities.1.1.4.2 The following areas are not addressed in this code, but are addressed in other NFPA documents:(1) Specific requirements for wiring and installation of equipment are covered in NFPA 70, National Electrical Code.While NFPA 99 covers the requirements for the p
21、erformance of the electrical systems and certain fea-tures that are required, NFPA 70 contains the requirements for the installation of the electrical systems to protect against hazards from electrical shock and fire. Perhaps the best way to distinguish between the jurisdictions of each is that NFPA
22、 99 provides requirements to ensure that loss of power does not result in injury to patients or staff, and NFPA 70 ensures that there is limited risk of fire or shock from the installation.(2) Requirements for illumination and identification of means of egress in health care facili-ties are covered
23、in NFPA 101, Life Safety Code.(3) Requirements for installation, testing, and maintenance of fire protection signaling sys-tems are covered in NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code.For requirements specifically for signaling systems, also see NFPA 101, Life Safety Code.(4) Requirements for
24、 installation of fire pumps are covered in NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, except that the alternate source of power are permitted to be the essential electrical system.(5) Requirements for installation of stationary engines and gas turbines are covere
25、d in NFPA 37, Standard for the Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines.1.1.5 Information Technology and Communications Systems. Chapter 7 covers the per-formance, maintenance, and testing of information technology and communications systems in health care facilities.BK
26、-NFPA-MEDGAS-140497-Chp01.indd 4 1/13/2015 5:21:33 PM2015 Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems Installation Handbook5Section 1.1 Scope4Chapter 1 Administration1.1.6 Plumbing. Chapter 8 covers the performance, maintenance, and testing of plumbing systems in health care facilities.1.1.7 HVAC Systems. Chapte
27、r 9 covers the performance, maintenance, and testing of heat-ing, cooling, and ventilating in health care facilities.1.1.8 Electrical Equipment. Chapter 10 covers the performance, maintenance, and testing of electrical equipment in health care facilities.1.1.9 Gas Equipment. Chapter 11 covers the pe
28、rformance, maintenance, and testing of gas equipment in health care facilities.1.1.10* Emergency Management. Chapter 12 establishes criteria for emergency manage-ment in the development of a program for effective disaster preparedness, response, mitiga-tion, and recovery in health care facilities.A.
29、1.1.10 Because no single model of an emergency management plan is feasible for every health care facility, this chapter is intended to provide criteria for the preparation and implementation of an individual plan. The principles involved are universally applicable; the implementation needs to be tai
30、lored to the specific facility.1.1.11 Security Management. Chapter 13 establishes criteria for security management, in-cluding management controls, mitigation practices, staff training, and program evaluation in health care facilities.1.1.12* Hyperbaric Facilities. Chapter 14 covers the recognition
31、of, and protection against, hazards of an electrical, explosive, or implosive nature, as well as fire hazards associated with hyperbaric chambers and associated facilities that are used, or intended to be used, for medical applications and experimental procedures at gauge pressures from 0 kPa to 690
32、 kPa (0 psi to 100 psi).A.1.1.12 During the past 20 years, there has been a widespread interest in the use of oxygen at elevated environmental pressure to increase the partial pressure of oxygen in a patients tissues in order to treat certain medical conditions or to prepare a patient for surgery. T
33、hese techniques are also employed widely for the treatment of decompression sickness (e.g., bends, caisson workers disease) and carbon monoxide poisoning.Recently, however, the level of knowledge and expertise has increased so dramatically that the codes are in need of updating. By the end of 1988,
34、there were 218 hyperbaric facilities in operation in the United States and Canada. These facilities supported hyperbaric medical treatments for 62,548 patients between 1971 and 1987. As these facilities provide therapy for disorders indicated for treatment, these numbers will continue to increase. A
35、s the number of facilities increases, the number of patients treated will also increase.Such treatment involves placement of the patient, with or without attendants, in a hyper-baric chamber or pressure vessel, the pressure of which is raised above ambient pressure. In the course of the treatment, t
36、he patient breathes up to 100 percent oxygen.In addition to being used for patient care, these chambers also are being employed for research purposes using experimental animals and, in some instances, humans.The partial pressure of oxygen present in a gaseous mixture is the determinate factor in the
37、 amount of available oxygen. This pressure will rise if the volume percentage of oxygen present increases, if the total pressure of a given gas mixture containing oxygen increases, or if both these factors increase. Because the sole purpose of the hyperbaric technique of treatment is to raise the to
38、tal pressure within the treatment chamber, an increased partial pressure of oxygen always is available during treatment, unless positive means are taken to limit the oxy-gen content. In addition, the patient is often given an oxygen-enriched atmosphere to breathe.The need for human diligence in the
39、establishment, operation, and maintenance of hyper-baric facilities is continual. The chief administrator of the facility possessing the hyperbaric chamber is responsible to adopt and enforce appropriate regulations for hyperbaric facilities. BK-NFPA-MEDGAS-140497-Chp01.indd 5 1/13/2015 5:21:33 PM20
40、15 Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems Installation Handbook7Section 1.3 Application6Chapter 1 AdministrationIn formulating and administering the program, full use should be made of technical personnel highly qualified in hyperbaric chamber operations and safety.It is essential that personnel having resp
41、onsibility for the hyperbaric facility establish and enforce appropriate programs to fulfill the provisions of Chapter 14.Potential hazards can be controlled only when continually recognized and understood by all pertinent personnel.The purpose of Chapter 14 is to set forth minimum safeguards for th
42、e protection of patients or others subject to, and personnel who administer, hyperbaric therapy and experi-mental procedures. Its purpose is also to offer some guidance for rescue personnel who are not ordinarily involved in hyperbaric chamber operation, but who could become so involved in an emerge
43、ncy.Requirements cited in 1.1.12 are minimum requirements. Discretion on the part of cham-ber operators and others might dictate the establishment of more stringent regulations.1.1.13 Features of Fire Protection. Chapter 15 covers the performance, maintenance, and testing of fire protection equipmen
44、t in health care facilities.1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this code is to provide minimum requirements for the instal-lation, inspection, testing, maintenance, performance, and safe practices for facilities, mate-rial, equipment, and appliances, including other hazards associated with the primary haza
45、rds.As with all NFPA documents, NFPA 99 is intended to provide only minimum requirements to protect occupants of health care facilities against the hazards which it addresses. There are many available op-tions to facility owners, designers, and other stakeholders that can go above and beyond the min
46、imum levels prescribed in this code. Providing this higher level may be the preference for some facilities but could be unnecessary or overly burdensome for other facilities and is therefore not required for all health care facilities. The minimum requirements are by no means a limitation to the lev
47、el that can be provided, and the code should not be applied that way.1.3 Application.1.3.1 This code shall apply to all health care facilities other than home care and veterinary care.There is much useful information available from other sources on how to apply safety in the home health care environ
48、ment and with the equipment found there. One such source is the NFPA pamphlet, “Fires and Burns Involving Home Medical Oxygen,” available at www.nfpa.org/safety- information/for-consumers/causes/medical-oxygen. The requirements of NFPA 99, however, are not intended to be applied to the home health c
49、are environment. How NFPA 99 is used will depend on whether the document is adopted for use and who adopts the document for use, whether governmental or nongovernmental agencies or companies. This paragraph also highlights the variety of people who can and will be involved in the application of NFPA 99. There 1.3.1.1 This document is intended for use by those persons involved in the design, construc-tion, inspection, and operation of health care facilities and in the design, manufacture, and testing of appliances and equipment used in patient care rooms
