1、 National Information Standards Series NISO standards are developed by the Standards Committees of the National Information Standards Organization. A rigorous review process includes offering each NISO voting member and other interested parties an opportunity to review the proposed standard. Further
2、, approval requires verification by the American National Standards Institute that its requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by NISO; NISO Standards thus also become American National Standards. The use of a National Information Standard developed by
3、NISO is completely voluntary. The existence of this standard does not in any way preclude anyone, whether or not he or she has approved the standard, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures that do not conform to the standard. Every NISO standard is rev
4、iewed at least once every five years. Comments for revision are welcome from any interested party. Suggestions for changes to the standard and suggestions for new standards should be sent to NISO. Occasionally, questions may arise concerning the meaning of specific sections of a standard. Inter- pre
5、tations can be obtained by writing to NISO, P.O. Box 1056, Bethesda, MD 20827. This standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. Purchasers may receive current information on ail NISO standards by calling or writing the National Information Standards Organization. Published for The National Inf
6、ormation Standards Organization Published by Transaction Publishers Rutgers-The State University New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 Copyright O 1991 by National Information Standards Organization All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduce
7、d or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to Transaction Publishers, Rutgers-The State University,
8、New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903. . ISSN: 1041-5653 ISBN: 0-88738-947-3 Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data National Information Standards Organization (U.S.) American national standard for East Asia character code for bibliographic use / develop
9、ed by the National Information Standards Organization. East Asian character code for bibliographic use microform: microfiches. -(Nationa1 information standards series, ISSN 1041-5653) “Approved . . . by American National Standards Institute.“ “ANSUNISO 239.64-1 989 .“ ISBN 0-88738-947-3 (microfiche)
10、 1. Cataloging of East Asian publications-Data processing-Standards-United States. 2. Chinese character sets (Data processing) 4. Korean character sets (Data processing) 5. RLIN (information retrieval system) 6. CJK thesaurus (Data base) I. Ameri- can National Standards Institute. II. Title. III. Se
11、ries. 3. Japanese character sets (Data processing) 2699.4.R55 025.3-dc20 90-1 1262 CIP AN SI/NISO 239.64-1 989 ISSN: 1041-5653 East Asian Character Code For Bibliographic Use American National Standard East Asian Character Code For Bibliographic Use Abstract This standard establishes a computer codi
12、ng structure for characters in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean scripts. This standard establishes 3-byte code values in an %bit environment for a base set of characters, and provisions for expansion. Approved January 16, 1989 by American National Standards Institute Developed by The National Informati
13、on Standards Organization Transaction Publishers New Brunswick (U.S.A.) and London (U.K.) NISO Z3=b4 87 h478908 0000577 5 i Foreword (This foreword is not a part of American National Standard ANSIMISO 239.64-1989) This standard character set for the Chinese, Japanese, and Korean scripts for bibliogr
14、aphic use is based on the character set developed by the Research Libraries Group, Inc. (RLG) for use in the Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN). It uses the Chinese Character Code for Information Interchange (CCCII) as its structural model, incorporating all of the character graphics list
15、ed in four East Asian character sets and relating variant forms to the traditional Chinese characters from which they were derived. The character sets incorporated into this standard are: Code of Chinese Graphic Character Set for Iiformation Interchange Pri- mary Set: The Peoples Republic of China N
16、ational Standard (GB 23 12-80) (ist ed., 1981) Code of the Japanese Graphic Character Set for formation Interchange: Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS C 6226) (1983) Korean Information Processing System (KIPS) (1 98 i) Symbol and Character Tables of Chinese Character Codes for Information Interchang
17、e (Vol 1 and 2) (2nd ed., November 1982) (CCCII) Variant Forms of Chinese Character Code for Information Interchange (2nd ed., December 1982) (CCCII) The codes given in this standard may be identified by the notation EACC (East Asian Character Code), The EACC coding scheme set out in this standard h
18、as been in use in the library community of North America since 1983. Although the number of characters defined is meant to increase, the standard by which they are defined is structurally solid. Any code once assigned is never changed. Suggestions for improving this standard are welcome. They should
19、 be sent to the National Information Standards Organization, P.O. Box 1056, Bethesda, MD 20827 (301-975-2814). This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the National Information Standards Organization (NISO), NISO approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all N
20、ISO members voted for its approval. At the time it approved this standard, NISO had the following Voting Members: Voting Members of the National Information Standards Organization Organization Represented Naine of Representative American Association of Law Libraries . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . .
21、 Robert J. Nissenbaum American Chemical Society . , . . . . . . . . , . . , . , . . . , . . , . , Robert S. Tannehill, Jr. (Alt) Leon R. Blauvelt American Library Association . , . . , , . . , . . . . . . . , . . . . , . . Jean Hamrick (Alt) Sally H. McCallum American Psychological Association, . ,
22、, , . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . Lois Granick (Alt) Al DeRouen American Society for Information Science . . . , . . . . . . . . , . . Louise Levy (Alt) Linda Resnik I FOREWORD I JERA, Inc 3ames E. Rush Library Binding Institute . Sally Grauer Library of Congress Henriette D. Avram Medical Library A
23、ssociation Suzanne Grefsheim MINITEX . Anita Anker (Alt) William DeJohn Music Library Association Lenore Coral (Alt) Geraldine Ostrove National Agricultural Library Joseph H. Howard (Alt) Samuel T. Waters National Archives and Records Administration Alan Calmes Services Division. Diane Cunningham I
24、(Alt) Marietta Nelson and Information Services (NFAIS) . Betty Unruh National Library of Medicine Lois Ann Colaianni (Alt) Maureen Kelly National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Joseph E. Clark (Alt) John J. Elsbree (Alt) Mike McGill OCLC, Inc. Mary Ellen Jacob OHIONET . Ronald Diener PALINET .
25、 James G. Schoenung (Alt) Rian Miller-McIrvine Pittsburgh Regional Library Center (PRLC) H. E. Broadbent, III Reference Technology, Inc. . John Einberger Philips International Corporate Group Bert Gall (Alt) Mike Befeler (Alt) Kathy Bales Wayne Davison Society for Technical Communication James Mason
26、 Special Libraries Association Audrey Grosch SUNY/OCLC Network Glyn T. Evans (Alt) Teresa Strozik U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Department of Defense I Printing and Publishing Division William S. Lofquist Army Library Management Office . Dorothy Fisk McDysan (Alt) Mary B. Bonnett I U.S. Departmen
27、t of Defense Defense Standardization Program Office . Lee E. Rogers (Ait) Stephen Lowell FOREWORD U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific Japanese as represented by Chinese characters (kanji), and the kana syllabaries; Korean as represented by Chinese characters (hancha) and the hangul syllab
28、ary. 2. Referenced Standards 2.1, American National Standards. This standard is intended for use in conjunction with the following American National Standards. When these standards are superseded by a revision approved by the American National Standards Institute, Inc., the revision shall apply: ANS
29、I x3.4 ANSI X3.41 American National Standard Code for Information Interchange American National Standard Code Extension Techniques for Use with 7-bit and 8-bit Character Sets of American National Standard Code for Information Interchange 2.2, IS0 Standard. This standard is intended for use in conjun
30、ction with Data Processing- Procedure for Registration of Escape Sequences, IS0 2375-1980. 3. Definitions 3.1. Character. A graphic, other than a control function, that has a visual representation normally handwritten, printed, or displayed that represents a sound, a syllable, an entire word, or pun
31、ctuation depending on the writing system. Some writing systems, such as that used in Japan, include both syllabic and ideographic (entire word) characters. 3.2. Chinese Character. Ideogram used to represent a Chinese word, syllable, or sound. 3.3. Hancha. The Korean term for Chinese ideographic char
32、acters which have been bor- rowed and used to represent Korean words. Hancha characters are used separately or together with hangul. 3.4. Hangul. This term refers to both the Korean alphabet and characters formed from it. I 1 ANSVNISO 239.64-1989 3.5. High-order Byte. This is the first (left-most) o
33、f three bytes making up an EACC code. It identifies the plane in which a character is located. 3.6. Kanji. The Japanese term for Chinese ideographic characters which have been bor- rowed (and sometimes altered) and used to represent Japanese words. 3.7. Kana. Refers to either of the two Japanese syl
34、labaries, hiragana an katakana. 3.8. Kokuji. A Chinese character created in Japan that has no original Chinese counterpart. 3.9. Layer. An arrangement of the EACC coding space that allows the character codes of variant forms of characters to be related to the form of characters layer. A layer is com
35、posed of six planes (see Figure 3). 3.10. Low-order Byte. The third (right-most) of three bytes making up an EACC code. It identifies the position of the character in the matrix. 3.11. Plane. A two-dimensional space 94 sections wide by 94 positions deep (see Figure i). 3.12. Position. One of the 94
36、bytes in a section. It is identified by the Iow-order byte of the EACC code (see Figure I). 3.13. Second-order Byte. Middle of three bytes making up an EACC code. It identifies the section in which the character is located. 3.14. Section. A linear group of 94 positions. It is identified by the secon
37、d-order byte of the EACC code (see Figure i). 3.15. Simplified Character. A Chinese character which basically has the same meaning and pronunciation as the traditional character but has been simplified, usually by means of a reduction in the number of strokes in the graphic. 3.16. Waditional Charact
38、er. The original, often complex form of a Chinese character. 3.17. Variant Character. Any character which is related to another in meaning and pro- nunciation. Simplified characters are also considered variant characters. 4. Implementation and Maintenance of Codes 4.1. The implementation of this Ame
39、rican National Standard is in accordance with the provisions of ANSI X3.41. The set is identified by escape sequences assigned by the IS0 Registration Authority in accordance with procedures given in IS0 2375. 4.2 All unassigned positions in the code tables are reserved for future use. Codes for new
40、 characters shall be assigned only by the maintenance agency for the character code set. 4.3 The maintenance agency as designated in Appendix D will be responsible for reviewing - - ANSVNISO 239.-1989 Figure 1 Parts of the EACC Coding Space (This example illustrates the location of EACC 4B4CX) EACC
41、coding space: 4 94 sections # c 94 Plane 4B planes t Plane (example: plane 4B) /n* positions 4 94 sections # 6 Section 4C Section (example: section 4C) 4 94 positions # r II I 6 Position 3C and acting upon suggestions for new character codes and graphics and for maintaining a current listing of all
42、character codes and graphics. Questions concerning the implementation of this standard and requests for information should be sent to the maintenance agency. 5. Coding Structure 5.1. Individual Code Values. Each character is assigned a unique EACC code consisting of three the secoqd-order byte speci
43、fies the section within the plane; the low-order byte specifies the position within the section. All bytes are specified in hexadecimal notation; planes, sections, and positions are each numbered from 21 to 7E. 5.3. Layout of Characters in Code TabIes. In this document, code tables which show the gr
44、aphic associated with specific codes are in matrix form, Each matrix represents a single section from the EACC coding structure. Although sections are logically linear, the matrix divides the linear strip into six columns (see Figure 2). The three-byte value of each graphic character in a matrix is
45、specified by the hexadecimal value of the plane (high-order byte), the hexadecimal value of the section (second-order byte), and the hexadecimal value of the position e 3 Figure 2 Matrix Representation o Section 4C Plane 4B Section 4C 4 (Location of EACC: 4B4C3C) in the matrix (low-order byte). The
46、hexadecimal value of the low-order byte is derived by placing the column number to the left of the row number of the matrix. Decimal 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 are converted to hexadecimal notation A,B,C,D,E, and F when specifying the low-order byte. 5.4. Layers. To assist in specifying EACC charact
47、ers and preserving the related nature of the coding, the EACC coding space is arranged into “layers” of six planes each. To illustrate the layers, the EACC coding space shown previously as a cube could be reconfigured as shown in Figure 3. The first 12 layers are used to show topological relationshi
48、ps between characters that are lexicographically related. They allow the character codes of variant forms of a character to be related to the traditional character in the first layer. 4 NISO Z39.64 89 m 6478908 OOOO - ANSI/NISO 239.64-1989 Figure 3 EACC Layering (PL- PLANE) PL 21 PL 22 PL 23 PL 24 P
49、L 25 PL 26 4 traditional character form 2 PL 27 PL 28 PL 29 PL 2A PL 2B PL 2C 0 4 simplified character form 284 I 0 4 other variant character PL 2D PL 2E PL 2F PL 30 / / / In layers 2-12 the code assigned to the variant form of a character is designed to have the same second-order and low-order bytes as its corresponding traditional Character in layer 1, but with a different high-order byte. These codes are then said to be related. Thus, if the traditional form of a character is coded at a section and position on a plane in the fir
