1、NSF International Standard / American National StandardNSF/ANSI 44 - 2015Residential Cation ExchangeWater SoftenersNSF International, an independent, not-for-profit, non-governmental organization, is dedicated to being the leading global provider of public health and safety-based risk management sol
2、utions while serving the interests of all stakeholders. This Standard is subject to revision. Contact NSF to confirm this revision is current. Users of this Standard may request clarifications and inter-pretations, or propose revisions, by contacting: Chair, Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatme
3、nt Units c/o NSF International 789 North Dixboro Road, P. O. Box 130140 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140 USA Phone: (734) 769-8010 Telex: 753215 NSF INTL FAX: (734) 769-0109 E-mail: infonsf.org Web: http:/www.nsf.org NSF/ANSI 44 2015 i NSF International Standard/ American National Standard for Drinkin
4、g Water Treatment Units Residential cation exchange water softeners Standard Developer NSF International NSF International Designated as an ANSI standard April 26, 2015 American National Standards Institute ii Prepared by The NSF Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units Recommended for adop
5、tion by The NSF Council of Public Health Consultants Adopted by The NSF Board of Directors December 1987 Revised November 1996 Revised November 1998 Revised September 1999 Revised May 2000 Revised November 2000 Revised January 2001 Revised February 2002 Editorial revision December 2003 Revised June
6、2004 Revised October 2007 Revised August 2009 Revised February 2012 Revised December 2013 Revised January 2015 Revised October 2015 Published by NSF International PO Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, USA For ordering copies or for making inquiries with regard to this Standard, please refer
7、ence the designation “NSF/ANSI 44 2015.” Copyright 2015 NSF International Previous editions 2013, 2012, 2009, 2007, 2004, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1996, 1987 Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, elec-tronic or mechani
8、cal, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from NSF International. Printed in the United States of America. iii Disclaimers1 NSF, in performing its functions in accordance with its objectives, does not assume or undertake to discharge any responsibility of the manufactu
9、rer or any other party. The opinions and findings of NSF represent its professional judgment. NSF shall not be responsible to anyone for the use of or reliance upon this Standard by anyone. NSF shall not incur any obligation or liability for damages, including consequential damages, arising out of o
10、r in connection with the use, interpretation of, or reliance upon this Standard. NSF Standards provide basic criteria to promote sanitation and protection of the public health. Provisions for mechanical and electrical safety have not been included in this Standard because governmental agencies or ot
11、her national standards-setting organizations provide safety requirements. Participation in NSF Standards development activities by regulatory agency representatives (federal, local, state) shall not constitute their agencys endorsement of NSF or any of its Standards. Preference is given to the use o
12、f performance criteria measurable by examination or testing in NSF Standards development when such performance criteria may reasonably be used in lieu of design, materials, or construction criteria. The illustrations, if provided, are intended to assist in understanding their adjacent standard requi
13、rements. However, the illustrations may not include all requirements for a specific product or unit, nor do they show the only method of fabricating such arrangements. Such partial drawings shall not be used to justify improper or incomplete design and construction. Unless otherwise referenced, the
14、annexes are not considered an integral part of NSF Standards. The annexes are provided as general guidelines to the manufacturer, regulatory agency, user, or certifying organization. 1 The information contained in this Disclaimer is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been
15、pro-cessed in accordance with ANSIs requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this Disclaimer may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for con-formance to the Standard. iv This page is intentionally le
16、ft blank. v Contents 1 General 1 1.1 Purpose. 1 1.2 Scope 1 1.3 Alternate materials, design, and construction 1 1.4 Treatment train . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Definitions 2 4 Materials 2 4.1 Materials in contact with drinking water 2 4.2 Materials evaluation . 3 4.3 Gas chromatography/mass spe
17、ctroscopy (GC/MS) analysis . 5 5 Structural performance . 13 5.1 Structural integrity 13 6 Minimum performance requirements . 18 6.1 Hazards. 18 6.2 Waste connections . 18 6.3 Brine tank 18 6.4 Operation 19 6.5 Performance indication 19 6.6 Chemical and mechanical performance . 19 7 Elective perform
18、ance claims Test methods . 32 7.1 Scope 32 7.2 Barium and radium reduction 35 8 Instruction and information . 40 8.1 Installation, operation, and maintenance instructions . 40 8.2 Data plate . 42 8.3 Performance data sheet 43 Annex A . A1 Annex B . B1 Annex C . C1 vi This page is intentionally left
19、blank.vii Foreword2 The purpose of this Standard is to establish minimum requirements for materials, design, construction, and performance of drinking water treatment units that are designed to reduce specific aesthetic-related contaminants in public or private water supplies. This Standard specifie
20、s the minimum product literature and labeling information that a manufacturer must supply to authorized representatives and system owners. Lastly, the Standard provides minimum service-related obligations that the manufacturer must extend to system owners. This edition of the Standard contains the f
21、ollowing revisions: Issue 37 This revision harmonized the structural integrity requirements in Table 5 of NSF/ANSI 42, NSF/ANSI 44 and NSF/ANSI 53. Issue 38 This revision added clarification regarding the maximum number of samples exposed in the Materials evaluation under section 4. Issue 39 This re
22、vision added criteria for utilizing a treatment train approach for the evaluation of a system contain-ing multiple, sequential treatment technologies. This Standard was developed by the NSF Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units using the consensus process described by the American Nation
23、al Standards Institute. Suggestions for improvement of this Standard are welcome. This Standard is maintained on a Continuous Maintenance schedule and can be opened for comment at any time. Comments should be sent to Chair, Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units at standardsnsf.org or c/o
24、 NSF International, Standards Department, P.O. Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, USA. 2 The information contained in this Foreword is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordance with ANSIs requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this Foreword may
25、contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the Standard. viii This page is intentionally left blank.1 2015 NSF NSF/ANSI 44 2015 NSF/ANSI Standard for Drinking Water Treatment Units R
26、esidential cation exchange water softeners 1 General 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this Standard is to establish minimum requirements for materials, design and construction, and performance of residential cation exchange water softeners. This Standard also specifies the minimum product literature that
27、manufacturers shall supply to authorized representatives and owners, as well as the minimum service-related obligations that manufacturers shall extend to owners. 1.2 Scope The manual, autoinitiated, and demand-initiated regeneration residential cation exchange water softeners addressed by this Stan
28、dard are designed to be used for the removal of hardness and the reduction of specific contaminants from drinking water supplies (public or private) considered to be microbiologically safe and of known quality. Systems with components or functions covered under other NSF or NSF/ANSI Standards or Cri
29、teria shall conform to the applicable requirements therein. 1.3 Alternate materials, design, and construction While specific materials, design, and construction may be stipulated in this Standard, systems that incorporate alternate materials, designs, and construction may be acceptable when it is ve
30、rified that such systems meet the applicable requirements. 1.4 Treatment train A system that contains multiple, sequential treatment technologies for a performance claim under this Standard shall meet the applicable requirements as described in Annex C. 2 Normative references The following documents
31、 contain requirements that, by reference in this text, constitute requirements of this Standard. At the time of publication, the indicated editions were valid. All of the documents are subject to revision and parties are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the recent editions of th
32、e documents indicated below. The most recent published edition of the document shall be used for undated references. NSF/ANSI 53 Drinking water treatment units Health effects NSF/ANSI 61 Drinking water system components Health effects USEPA-600/4-79-020, Methods for the Chemical Analysis of Water an
33、d Wastes, March 19833 3 USEPA, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268 . 2015 NSF NSF/ANSI 44 2015 2 USEPA-600/4-88-039, Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water, December 1988 (Revised July 1991)4 USEPA-600/4-90-020, Methods for the Determin
34、ation of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water, Supplement I, July 19904 USEPA-600/R-92-129, Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water Supplement II, August 19924 USEPA-600/R-94-111, Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples, Supplement 1, May 19944 US
35、EPA-600/R-95-131, Method for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water Supplement III, August 19955 USEPA National Primary Drinking Water Regulations, 40 CFR Part 141, July 1, 20025 USEPA National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations, 40 CFR Part 143, July 1, 20025 USFDA Code of Feder
36、al Regulations, Title 21, (Food and Drugs) Direct Food Additive Substances Parts 170 through 199, April 1, 20025 3 Definitions Terms used in this Standard that have a specific technical meaning are defined in NSF/ANSI 330. 4 Materials 4.1 Materials in contact with drinking water 4.1.1 POE drinking w
37、ater treatment units shall conform to the protocol and criteria in NSF/ANSI 61. 4.1.2 POU drinking water treatment units shall conform to the protocol and criteria in this section. 4.1.3 Acceptance criteria 4.1.3.1 Materials in contact with drinking water shall not impart levels of target compounds
38、or Tentatively Identified Compounds (TICs) that exceed the Total Allowable Concentration (TAC), Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL), or Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC) criteria specified in tables 1, 2 and 3 or specified in NSF/ANSI 61 Annex D and E. Any extractable contaminants not listed in th
39、e referenced tables shall be reviewed and shall not exceed criteria developed in accordance with NSF/ANSI 61 Annex A. 4.1.3.2 TIC identification and quantitation shall be conducted in accordance with section 4.3.1.2. Additional TIC identification and quantitation should be verified using a standard
40、of the compound in question or an al-ternate approved analytical method. Additional TIC identification and quantitation is recommended when the contaminant is a health risk or when the “Probability Based Matching” process in section 4.3.1.2 is inconclu-sive. When possible, the product manufacturer s
41、hould assist and support the testing laboratory in the identifi-cation of a standard for the compound and an appropriate analytical method, if applicable, so that confirmato-ry identification and quantification can be performed. If a standard and an adequate alternative analytical method are not ava
42、ilable to verify the identification and quantitation of the compound, the TIC shall be evalu-4 USEPA, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460 . 5 Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 . 2015 NSF NSF/ANSI 44 2015 3 ated according to secti
43、on 4.3.1.2. NOTE Manufacturers may not be privy to formulation information, so they may not be able to assist a testing laboratory to identify a standard for the compound that extracted. Refer to Section 4.3.1.2 when the manufacturer does not have material formulation information. 4.1.3.3 Unknown co
44、ntaminants detected by GC/MS analysis for which identification is unable to be made after performing the steps in 4.3.1 shall be reported in accordance to 4.1.4.2. 4.1.3.4 Whole-system or component assembly extraction testing may be waived if components, when separately tested, meet the requirements
45、 of this Standard and are assembled in a manner that does not introduce any new components or materials, increase the surface area-to-volume ratio of previously evaluated components, or present potential concern based on cumulative factors. The reported extractable concentrations for components shal
46、l be arithmetically added to ensure that the whole-system or component assembly meets the allowable levels in accordance with tables 1, 2, and 3 and Annex A, D, and E of NSF/ANSI 61. 4.1.4 Data reporting 4.1.4.1 All contaminants identified and detected at or above the reporting limit shall be report
47、ed with the identification of the contaminant, the concentration, and whether it exceeds the acceptance criteria as re-quired in Section 4.1.3. Contaminants detected below the reporting limit shall be reported to the manufacturer as less than the reporting limits value. Example: If the labs reportin
48、g limit is 1.0 mg/L for analyte “X” and the concentration was detected at 0.5 mg/L, the lab shall report less than 1.0 mg/L or =143). b) The chemical class information shall be reported if this determination is possible. c) The laboratory shall report the presence of the common halogens chlorine and
49、 bromine utilizing their characteristic “M+2” patterns. d) The product material formulation(s) shall be reviewed for potential identification of the unknown con-taminant(s) as an ingredient or byproduct; e) The manufacturer shall be notified and requested to provide supporting information that enables iden-tification of the unknown contaminant(s); f) Structure activity relationships (SAR) shall be utilized when sufficient structural identification of the unknown contaminant(s) can be made; and g) Alternative methods of analysis that may identify the
