1、CHARTER MEMBERS ACCO ENGINEERED SYSTEMS Glendale, California ACCORD PIPE FABRICATORS, INC. Jamaica, New YorkA & G PIPING, INC. Forth Worth, Texas ARMISTEAD MECHANICAL, INC. Mahwah, New Jersey BASSETT MECHANICAL, INC. Kaukauna, Wisconsin GEM INDUSTRIAL, INC. Walbridge, Ohio HUXTABLE & ASSOCIATES, INC
2、. Lawrence, Kansas IDEAL WELDERS, LTD. Delta, British Columbia (Canada) INDUSTRIAL POWER SYSTEMS, INC. Toledo, Ohio J. F. AHERN CO. Fond du Lac, Wisconsin JOHN E. GREEN COMPANY Highland Park, Michigan KINETIC SYSTEMS, INC. Union City, California MARELICH MECHANICAL CO. INC. Hayward, CaliforniaMC ABE
3、E CONSTRUCTION, INC. Tuscaloosa, Alabama MC CARLS, INC. Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania MECHANICAL INCORPORATED Freeport, Illinois MID STATES PIPE FABRICATING, INC. El Dorado, Arkansas MURPHY COMPANY St. Louis, Missouri NARDEI FABRICATORS, LTD. Calgary, Alberta (Canada) NEWMECH COMPANIES, INC. St. Paul,
4、Minnesota PIONEER PIPE, INC. Marietta, Ohio PIPE FABRICATING & SUPPLY CO. Woods Cross, Utah PIPING SYSTEMS, INC. New London, Wisconsin S & D / OSTERFELD MECHANICAL CONTRACTORS Dayton, Ohio S. A. COMUNALE COMPANY, INC. Barberton, Ohio SCHECK MECHANICAL WI CORP. Kaukauna, Wisconsin TEAM INDUSTRIES, IN
5、C. Kaukauna, Wisconsin UNIVERSITY MECHANICAL & ENGINEERING CO. San Diego, California W. J. ONEIL COMPANY Livonia, Michigan A current index of the latest revised ES Standards, Technical Bulletins and Safety Training Guideline is available from the Pipe Fabrication Institute. PFI Safety Training Guide
6、line, Standards and Technical Bulletins are published to serve proven needs of the pipe fabricating industry at the design level and in actual shop operations. Hence, such needs are continually considered and reviewed by the Engineering Committee of the Pipe Fabrication Institute to provide recommen
7、ded procedures, which have been demonstrated by collective experiences to fulfill requirements in a manner for Code compliance. However, as the PFI Standards are for minimum requirements the designer or fabricator always has the option of specifying supplementary conditions in the form of requiremen
8、ts beyond the scope of the PFI publications. PFI Standard ES-42 (Revised February 2005) STANDARD FOR POSITIVE MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION OF PIPING COMPONENTS USING PORTABLE X-RAY EMISSION TYPE TEST EQUIPMENT Prepared by Pipe Fabrication Institute Engineering Committee All PFI Standards are advisory onl
9、y. There is no agreement to adhere to any PFI Standard and their use by anyone is entirely voluntary. Copyright by PIPE FABRICATION INSTITUTE Dedicated to Technical Advancements and Standardization in the Pipe Fabrication Industry Since 1913 USA 666 Fifth Ave., #325 New York, NY 10103 CANADA 655, 32
10、ndAve., suite 201 Lachine, QC H8T 3G6 WEB SITE www.pfi-institute.org 2 STANDARD FOR POSITIVE MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION OF PIPING COMPONENTS USING PORTABLE X-RAY EMISSION TYPE TEST EQUIPMENT 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard establishes basic requirements for conducting Positive Material Identification (PMI)
11、tests on ferrous and nonferrous metal alloy materials using portable x-ray emission type equipment, which is currently available for production shop and construction site verification of these materials. 1.1.1 X-ray emission instruments are not capable of determining the carbon content of an alloy.
12、Therefore, utilization of these instruments will not identify or confirm low-or high-carbon austenitic stainless steel (L-and H-type) alloy grades. Other methods must be used if such identification is required. 1.2 This standard does not address material verification by methods other than usage of p
13、ortable x-ray emission analysis equipment, nor is it intended to supplant the use of laboratory type testing methods as contained in ASTM A751, ASTM E353 and ASTM E354, if such level of accuracy is required. 1.3 This standard covers the verification of alloys in the form of pipe, flanges, fittings,
14、forgings, bar, castings, plate, valves, welds, pressure retaining and supporting components of an assembly or any other components or materials specifically designated for PMI. 1.4 This standard does not establish the extent of PMI verification. When PMI is required, the purchaser specifications or
15、purchase order, or other agreement between the purchaser and the contractor, should establish the requirement for, and the extent of the PMI testing. Definition should be given of the items to be verified by PMI and the percentage of each lot to receive PMI. 1.5 This standard does not address the sa
16、fety factors associated with use of portable x-ray emission analysis equipment. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. PURPOSE OF POSITIVE MATERIAL IDENTI
17、FICATION 2.1 The purpose of PMI is to ensure that the nominal composition (i.e. type/grade) of the material specified has been correctly supplied and/or installed. PMI is not intended to establish certification of a material to a particular ASME/ASTM specification. PMI is not considered a substitute
18、 for required material test reports listing chemical composition. Material test reports are not to be considered PMI verification. 3. REFERENCES 3.1 The following publications are referenced in this standard. Unless otherwise specified herein, the latest edition shall be used: A. ASTM (American Soci
19、ety of Testing and Materials) Standard Test Methods. B. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code: Section II, Material Specifications (Parts A, B and C). C. PFI (Pipe Fabrication Institute), Recommended Practice for Color Coding of Piping Materials (ES-22). 4. DEFINITIONS 4.1 Alloy material - Any materi
20、al whose specification contains measurable quantities of alloying elements other than carbon, manganese, silicon, and niobium or vanadium. Steels are not considered alloy steels if they contain only carbon (up to 2 percent), silicon (usually limited to 0.60 percent), and manganese (to approximately
21、1.65 percent). 4.2 Positive Material Identification (PMI) (for x-ray emission type testing) - The process of determining the nominal composition of an alloy component. Positive Material Identification is a semi-quantitative analysis PFI Standard ES-42 |Denotes Revision (Revised February 2005) 7 PFI
22、Standard ES-42 |Denotes Revision (Revised February 2005) Table 1 Essential Elements for Positive Material Identification Material UNS No. Cr Ni Mo Cb Ti Cu W Al V Fe 1-1/4 Cr, 1/2 Mo K11597 X X 2-1/4 Cr, 1 Mo K21590 X X 5 Cr, 1/2 Mo K41545 X X 9 Cr, 1 Mo K90941 X X 9 Cr, 1 Mo, 0.2V K90901 X X X 9 Cr
23、, 1/2 Mo, 0.2V 2W K92460 X X X X 12 Cr, 4 Ni S41500 X X 304 S30400 X X X 308 S30800 X X X 309 S30900 X X X 310 S31000 X X X 316 S31600 X X X 317 S31700 X X X 321 S32100 X X X X 347 S34700 X X X X 2205 (“Duplex”) S31803 X X X Alloy B-2 N10665 X X Alloy C-22 N06022 X X X X X Alloy C-276 N10276 X X X X
24、 Alloy 20 N08020 X X X X X Alloy 600 N06600 X X X Alloy 625 N06625 X X X X X Alloy 800 N08800 X X X X X Alloy 825 N08825 X X X X Alloy 400 N04400 X X AL-6XN N08367 X X X 904L N08904 X X X X 90/10 CuNi C70600 X X 70/30 CuNi C71500 X X 6 10.1.6 Steel die stamps shall not be used on light-wall (less th
25、an 3/16“ thick) alloy material. 10.2 Every part which bas been tested either individually or by representation shall bear the specified marks throughout the entire storage and fabrication process until obliterated by heating, welding, painting etc. 10.3 In addition to marking/stamping, verified allo
26、y material shall be color coded with color stripes if the material is verified before fabrication or field installation as in the case of stock material. Color-coding shall be per PFI Standard ES-22. 11. RECORDS 11.1 PMI is considered semi-quantitative since most instruments are field oriented as op
27、posed to a laboratory environment. This standard verifies alloys and does not certify chemical elements. 11.2 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser or contractor procedure, recording of specific element percentages is not required. 11.3 Results of all examinations will be recorded on report fo
28、rms which will include, as a minimum, the following items of information: A. Name of firm performing examination. B. Date and location of examination. C. Method and identification of equipment used. D. Name & signature of person performing examination. E. Purchase order references, (if applicable).
29、F. Job or project references, (if applicable). G. Item description. H. Manufacturer & heat number. I. Number of pieces/welds in lot. J. Number of pieces/welds in sample lot. K. PMI results-Acceptance or Rejection. (if required by the purchaser or contractor procedure, actual percentage results for e
30、ach element shall be recorded.) L. Marking/stamping and color-coding completed. 11.4 Records of PMI examinations will be maintained on file for a minimum of one (1) year. Copies will be furnished to purchaser upon request or as specified in the purchase order/purchaser specifications. PFI Standard E
31、S-42 |Denotes Revision (Revised February 2005) 3 to verify major element determination of alloys. For example, austenitic stainless steel would be primarily analyzed for chromium, nickel, and, molybdenum along with other necessary elements to identify specific material grades. The elements listed in
32、 Table 1 are to be considered as the minimum element determination for material verification. Additionally, with agreement between the purchaser and contractor, additional elements of an alloy may be analyzed if within the capability of the test equipment. 4.3 Purchaser - The organization, which spe
33、cifies the requirement for PMI. 4.4 Contractor - For purposes of this standard, the organization defined by the purchaser as responsible for the performance of PMI. 4.5 Material Manufacturer or Mill - An organization that performs or supervises and directly controls one or more of the operations tha
34、t affect the chemical composition of an alloy material. 4.6 Material Supplier - An organization that supplies material, as a broker, to a manufacturer, fabricator, or erector. 4.7 Pressure Containing Components - Items that form the pressure containing envelope of the equipment or component. 4.8 Non
35、-pressure Containing Components - Items that are not part of the pressure containing envelope of the equipment or component and, therefore, do not directly affect the pressure retaining capacity of the equipment or component. 4.9 Lot-A group of commodity components of identical type and material hea
36、t number identification. 4.10 Sample Lot - One or more components within a lot, which are specified by the purchaser as representation of the lot for testing purposes. 5. ALLOY VERIFICATION - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 5.1 PMI may be performed by the material manufacturer, fabricator, erector, supplier or
37、 other technically qualified agency. It is the responsibility of the contractor to ensure that the implementation and conduct of the PMI program is performed in accordance with written procedures, customer requirements and this standard. 5.2 If the purchaser wishes to witness PMI examination, that r
38、equirement must be established by the purchaser before PMI is accomplished. 5.3 Mill or manufacturer ASTM/ASME specification markings shall be checked for compliance with the documented material description as part of the verification process. Materials with unacceptable markings or no markings shal
39、l be rejected. 5.4 Verification of element percentage is not required if the PMI analyzer is capable of identifying the specific alloy type. Verification shall include, as a minimum, the elements listed in Table 1. Where an alloy is not listed in Table 1, and upon agreement between purchaser and con
40、tractor, the contractor shall use the alloys main elements as the basis for alloy verification. 5.5 Location - PMI may be performed at any step in a fabrication or inventory process depending on the purchasers requirements. 5.5.1 Examinations of bulk material will preferably be done upon the contrac
41、tors receipt of the material, and marked per Section 10.0. 5.5.2 If a final PMI is required by the purchaser, it shall be performed after the components to be tested are permanently attached to an identifiable assembly. 5.5.3 All shop fabricated pipe spools requiring PMI shall have the verification
42、performed at the fabricators shop. 5.5.4 Field welds shall be tested in the field, if required. Shop-fabricated alloy assemblies that have been alloy verified in the Fabricators shop need not be re-verified in the field. However, the construction contractor must have available the suppliers report o
43、f alloy verification. Material certifications are not allowable substitutes. PFI Standard ES-42 |Denotes Revision (Revised February 2005) 4 5.6 PMI of welds should normally be performed prior to performance of any required stress relief or other post weld heat treatment to avoid possibility of rewor
44、k after post heat treatment. 5.7 PMI of undiluted deposited weld metal (for example, “buttons“) is an acceptable alternative to PMI of an electrode or wire sample. Testing should preferably be done prior to production welding. 5.8 Autogenous (without filler metal) welded pipe and fitting require PMI
45、 verification of only the base metal composition. 6. CALIBRATION AND STANDARDIZATION 6.1 Both method and frequency of calibration and standardization shall be based upon equipment manufacturers recommendations. 6.2 Certified reference materials are available from the National Institute of Standards
46、& Technology and other international certification agencies. 7. WRITTEN PROCEDURES 7.1 Examinations shall be performed in accordance with written procedures established by the contractor. (These procedures will be submitted for purchaser review and approval upon request). 7.2 Written procedures will
47、 contain, as a minimum, the following information: A . Name and manufacturer of equipment to be used. B . Description of equipment operating principle. C . Calibration requirements. D . Procedure steps in detail. E . Procedure to follow when identification results are inconclusive (alloy type is ind
48、eterminable). F . Analyzer manufacturers safety operating and emergency procedures. G . Personnel qualification procedures. H . Acceptance criteria. (if not specified by purchaser) I . Stamping or marking requirements. (if not specified by purchaser) J . Documentation requirements. (if not specified by purchaser) 8. QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL 8.1 Personnel performing PMI tests shall have sufficient training, knowledge and experience in related fields to operate the testing equipment and to make proper evaluations on the acceptability of the mate
