1、The following commercial specification is originally adopted from the military document. Revision A includes all known accepted revisions, amendments, notices, and Department of Defense (DoD) engineering changes previously developed for this item. Revisions B and forward include changes adopted to r
2、eflect technology and design evolution. CLOTH, PARACHUTE, NYLON, LOW PERMEABILITY The Parachute Industry Association makes this document available for use by Industry and Government organizations that wish to apply this specification to their products. 1. SCOPE 1.1 Scope. This specification covers f
3、ive types of nylon cloth for use in the fabrication of parachutes. 1.2 Type designation. The nylon cloth shall be of the following types as specified (see 6.2). Type I - 1.20 oz/sq. yd (0.5-5.0 cfm air permeability) - Rip stop weave Type II - 1.12 oz/sq. yd (30-50 cfm air permeability) - Rip stop we
4、ave Type III - 1.17 oz/sq. yd (30-50 cfm air permeability) - Rip stop weave Type IV - 1.20 oz/sq. yd (0.5-3.0 cfm air permeability) - Rip stop weave Type V - 1.17 oz/sq. yd (0.5-5.0 cfm air permeability) - Rip stop weave Type VI - 1.5 oz/sq. yd (0.5-3.0 cfm air permeability) - Rip stop weave 2. APPL
5、ICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 General. The documents listed in this section are specified in Sections 3 and 4 of this specification. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this specification nor is it recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has be
6、en made to ensure the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they must meet all specified requirements of the documents cited in Sections 3 and 4 of this specification, whether or not they are listed. 2.2 Government documents. PIA-C-44378D 03 May 2007 Superseding PIA-C-44378C 1
7、2 December 2005 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT: All Rights Reserved. No Part of this publication may be reproduced without prior written permission from Parachute Industry Association. Additional copies may be purchased on-line from the PIA Store at: . PIA-C-44378D Page 2 of 29 2.2.1 Specifications, standar
8、ds, and handbooks. The following specifications, standards and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. SPECIFICATIONS STANDARDS FEDERAL FED-STD-595B - Colors Used In Government Procurement MILITARY MIL-DTL-6645 - Parachutes, Personnel, General Specification For (Unless
9、 otherwise indicated, copies of the above specifications and standards are available from the Standardization Documents Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. Electronic copies of military and federal standards and specifications may be obtained from http:/assist.d
10、aps.dla.mil/quicksearch/ .) 2.2.2 Other Government publications. The following other Government publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues are those cited in the solicitation (see 6.2). FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION 16 CFR 303 - Rules
11、and Regulations Under the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act. (Copies are available online at www.ftc.gov or from the Federal Trade Commission, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20580-0001.) 2.3 Non-government publications. The following documents form a part of this document to t
12、he extent specified herein. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF TEXTILE CHEMISTS AND COLORISTS (AATCC) AATCC 16 - Colorfastness to Light AATCC 22 - Water Repellency: Spray Test AATCC 61 - Colorfastness to Laundering, Home and Commercial: Accelerated AATCC 81 - pH of the Water-Extract from Wet Processed Textiles
13、 AATCC 107 - Colorfastness to Water AATCC 192 - Weather resistance of textiles AATCC Evaluation Procedures: - 1 Gray Scale for Color Change - 2 Gray Scale for Staining - 8 AATCC 9 Step Chromatic Transference Scale - 9 Visual Assessment of Color Difference Textiles PIA-C-44378D Page 3 of 29 (Applicat
14、ions for copies should be addressed to the AATCC National Headquarters, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2215. Electronic copies may be obtained from www.aatcc.org .) AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR QUALITY (ASQ) ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 - Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection of Atributes (Applic
15、ations for copies should be addressed to American Society For Quality; 11 West 42nd St., New York, NY 10036-8002 Electronic copies may be obtained from www.ansi.org .) ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM) ASTM D 276 - Test Methods for Identification of Fibers in Textiles ASTM D 629 - Test Method for Quantitati
16、ve Analysis of Textiles ASTM D 737 - Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics ASTM D 1776 - Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing ASTM D 1777 - Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials ASTM D 2261 - Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Proc
17、edure ASTM D 3774 - Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric ASTM D 3775 - Test Methods for Fabric Count of Textile Fabrics ASTM D 3776 - Test Methods for Mass per Unit Area (Weight) of Woven Fabrics ASTM D 3882 - Test Method for Bias and Bow in Woven Fabric ASTM D 5035 - Test Method for Breaking For
18、ce and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method) ASTM G 151 - Standard Practice for exposing Non-Metallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices That Use Laboratory Light Sources ASTM G 155 - Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials (Applicat
19、ion for copies should be addressed to the ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Electronic copies may be obtained from www.astm.org .) PARACHUTE INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION (PIA) PIA-STD-851 - Coding: Weavers Identification, Nylon Parachute Cloth (Electronic copies ma
20、y be obtained from .) PIA-C-44378D Page 4 of 29 2.4 Revision levels of subsidiary documents. The documents listed in Section 2 shall be defined as subsidiary documents which are: Defense and Federal specifications and standards, other government documents, and non-government publications. Unless ot
21、herwise specified by the procuring activity, the applicable revision level of subsidiary documents shall be the latest revision level in effect as of the date of the contract that specifies the use of this document. The latest revision in effect for subsidiary documents are found in the Acquisition
22、Streamlining and Standardization Information System (ASSIST) database located at: http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil/assist.htm. 2.5 Order of precedence. In the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this d
23、ocument, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 3. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Yarn. The nylon yarn used in the manufacture of the cloth shall be a continuous multi-filament, bright, high tenacity, light and heat resistant polyamide prepared from hexa
24、methylene diamine and adipic acid or its derivatives. The yarn shall have a melting point of 244C (471F) minimum when tested as specified in (TABLE II). The yarn shall not be bleached in any manner or during any subsequent process. 3.1.1 Recycled, recovered, or environmentally preferable materials.
25、Recycled, recovered, and environmentally preferable material should be used to the maximum extent possible, provided that the material meets or exceeds the operational and maintenance requirements and promotes economically advantageous life cycle costs. 3.2 Yarn twist. Any yarn twist (warp and filli
26、ng) is acceptable, provided all requirements for this specification are met. 3.3 Weave. 3.3.1 Types I, III, IV and V weave. The weave pattern for Types I, III, IV and V cloth shall be as specified in Figure 1 or Figure 1 Alternate. 3.3.2 Type II weave. The weave pattern for Type II cloth shall be as
27、 specified in Figure 2 or Figure 2 Alternate. 3.3.3 Type VI weave. The weave pattern for Type VI shall be as specified in Figure 3 or Figure 3 Alternate. 3.3.4 Loom type. The use of flyshuttle or shuttleless loom fabric is acceptable. No chemical means or coatings shall be used to form a selvage. 3.
28、4 Standard. Where applicable, the finished cloth shall match the standard for shade and appearance and shall, unless otherwise indicated, be equal to or better than the standard with respect to all characteristics for which the standard is referenced (see 6.4). PIA-C-44378D Page 5 of 29 3.5 Physical
29、 and chemical properties. The physical and chemical properties of the finished cloth shall conform to TABLE I and the following subparagraphs thereto. The frequency of testing shall be 5 tests across the width of the delivered fabric. The test methods in TABLE IV shall be followed. TABLE I Physical
30、requirements. Characteristic Type I Type II Type III Type IV Type V Type VI Weight, (ounces per sq. yd.) max. 1.20 1.12 1.17 1.20 1.17 1.5 Thickness, (inch) max. 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 Breaking strength, (pounds) min.1/: Warp 45 42 45 45 45 50 Filling 45 42 45 45 45 50 Elongation, (perc
31、ent) min.1/: Warp 20 20 20 20 20 25 Filling 20 20 20 20 20 25 Tearing strength, (pounds) min.1/: Warp 5 5 5 5 5 7 Filling 5 5 5 5 5 7 Air permeability, (ft3/min/ft2) 0.5-5.0 30-50 30-50 0.5-3.0 0.5-5.0 0.5-3.0 Yarns per inch, (min.): Warp 126 120 126 126 126 115 Filling 132 120 132 132 132 116 Note:
32、 1/No individual test specimen shall have a value lower than the minimum physical requirement. 3.6 Finish. The cloth shall be scoured to remove sizing and other contaminants at a temperature which will not cause fixation of same into cloth or result in permanent setting of the cloth. The cloth shall
33、 be heat-treated and may be calendered at such temperature and pressure as required to control the air permeability to the level required by this specification. Where calendering is required, the fabric shall be turned over with each calender run. The cloth covered by this specification shall not be
34、 bleached, resinated or treated with oxalic or phosphoric acid in any manner or process (see 6.5). 3.6.1 Permanence of set. When the cloth is tested as specified in 4.9.1 the permanence of the cloth set shall be as follows. 3.6.1.1 Air permeability Types I, IV, V and VI. Air permeability readings fo
35、r Types I and V cloth shall be within 0.5-5.0 ft3/min/ft2and Types IV and VI cloth shall be within 0.5-3.0 ft3/min/ft2after testing as specified in TABLE IV. 3.6.1.2 Air permeability Types II and III. Air permeability readings for Types II and III cloth shall be within 30-50 ft3/min/ft2after testing
36、 as specified in TABLE IV. PIA-C-44378D Page 6 of 29 3.6.1.3 Thickness. The thickness of the Types I, II, III, IV, V and VI cloth shall not exceed 0.003 inch after testing as specified in TABLE IV. 3.6.1.4 Shrinkage. Types I, II, III, IV, V and VI cloth shrinkage shall not exceed 3 percent in the wa
37、rp or in the filling direction after testing as specified in TABLE IV. 3.6.2 Nonfibrous materials. 3.6.2.1. Water-soluble material. The total water-soluble material of the finished cloth shall not exceed 2 percent when tested as specified in TABLE IV. 3.6.2.2 Fluorocarbon. Types I, II, III, IV, V an
38、d VI finished cloth shall be treated with a fluorocarbon so applied that it is evenly distributed throughout the cloth. The amount of fluorocarbon finish added shall be a minimum of 0.05 percent based on the weight of the dry cloth. The finisher shall submit a certificate of compliance for each ship
39、ment indicating that fluorocarbon finish was used. The fabric shall have an initial spray rating of 80, 80, 70 minimum when tested as specified in TABLE IV. 3.6.3 pH. The pH of the water extract of the finished cloth shall be no less than 5.5 or more than 9.0 when tested as specified in TABLE IV. 3.
40、6.4 Light and heat resistance. The cloth shall not lose more than 25 percent of its original strength when tested in accordance with 4.9.2. 3.7 Color. The color of the finished cloth shall be as specified by the procuring activity (see 6.2). 3.7.1 Dyeing. When dyed fabric is required, the fabric sha
41、ll be yarn or piece dyed. 3.7.2 Visual shade matching. The color of the dyed fabric shall match the standard when viewed using the AATCC Evaluation Procedure 9, Option A, with sources simulating artificial daylight D75 illuminate with color temperature of 7500 200K, with illumination of 100 20 foot
42、candles, and shall be a good match to the standard under incandescent lamplight at 2856 200K. Note: When evaluating the shade of this cloth, 2-4 layers shall be used. 3.7.3 Colorfastness. 3.7.3.1 Dyed fabric. The dyed fabric shall show fastness as follows. Testing shall be as specified in 4.5.3 (TAB
43、LE IV). Characteristic Rating, Min Reference Scale Light (Fade) 3-4 AATCC Gray Scale for Color Change Laundering Water 3-4 3-4 AATCC Gray Scale for Color Change AATCC Gray Scale for Color Change and Staining Bleeding in damp air 3-4 AATCC Gray Scale for Staining PIA-C-44378D Page 7 of 29 3.8 Dimensi
44、on. 3.8.1 Width. Unless otherwise specified the overall width of the finished fabric shall be 36 inches inch, 48 inches inch, or 65 inches inch. The acceptable width shall be inclusive of the selvages but exclusive of fringed ends produced on shuttleless looms (see TABLE IV and 6.2). The selvage sha
45、ll be hot slit and sealed against raveling if woven on shuttleless looms, unless otherwise specified. 3.8.2 Length and put-up. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2), a shippers roll shall be a minimum of 100 yards with a minimum piece size of 50 yards. A shippers roll shall have a maximum of two spli
46、ces with no more than 10 percent of the yards ordered containing splices. 3.8.3 Bias and bow in fabric. Bias and bow shall be measured according to ASTM D 3882. Requirements shall be as listed in TABLE V. End Item Visual Defects. 3.9 Age. The cloth shall not be more than 3 years old from the date of
47、 manufacture to the date of fabrication of parachute assemblies (see 4.4.2). The 3 year age requirement per paragraph 3.3.2 of MIL-DTL-6645 is for personnel parachute cloth only. 3.9.1 Date of Manufacture. The date of manufacture is defined as the date (month and year) of the last manufacturing proc
48、ess that affects the physical characteristics of the cloth. This would not include slitting, inspection or rewinding. 3.10 Identification 3.10.1 Identification of fiber. Each roll of the finished fabric shall be labeled or ticketed and invoiced for fiber content in accordance with the Rules and Regu
49、lations Under the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act. 3.10.2 Identification yarns. Black identification warp yarn(s) assigned in PIA-STD-851 shall be a maximum of 2 inches from at least one edge of the finished cloth. The dye used in the identification yarns shall have no adverse effect on the physical properties of the fabric, and the dyed yarns shall show no bleeding or color transfer when subjected to the tests as specified in TABLE II. 3.10.3 Identification of product. Each roll of finished cloth shal
