1、 The following commercial specification has been adopted from the original military document. Revision A includes all known accepted revisions, amendments, notices, and Department of Defense (DoD) engineering changes previously developed for this item. Revisions B and forward include changes adopted
2、 to reflect technology and design evolution. _ CLOTH, PARACHUTE, NYLON, CARGO AND DECELERATION The Parachute Industry Association makes this document available for use by Industry and Government organizations that wish to apply this specification to their products. 1. SCOPE 1.1 Scope. This specifica
3、tion covers types of nylon cloth for fabrication of parachutes. 1.2 Classification. The nylon cloth shall be of the following types and classes as specified (see 6.2): Type I - 4.75 ounces per square yard, maximum weight Type II - 7.00 ounces per square yard, maximum weight Type IIA - 10.50 ounces p
4、er square yard, maximum weight Type III - 14.00 ounces per square yard, maximum weight Class 1 - Air permeability tested at 1/2 inch water pressure Class 2 - Air permeability tested at 20 inches water pressure. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 General. The documents listed in this section are specified i
5、n Sections 3 and 4 of this specification. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this specification or recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has been made to ensure the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they m
6、ust meet all specified requirements cited in Sections 3 and 4 of this specification, whether or not they are listed. 2.2 Government publications. 2.2.1 Government publications. The following Government publications form a part of this document. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION (FTC) PIA-C-8021C 09 April 201
7、3 Superseding PIA-C-8021B 08 May 2008 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT: All Rights Reserved. No Part of this publication may be reproduced without prior written permission from Parachute Industry Association. Additional copies may be purchased on-line from PIA Specifications and Products at: Copyright Protec
8、ted: Do Not Copy!PIA-C-8021C 16 CFR 303 - Rules and Regulations under the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act (Copies are available online at: www.ftc.gov or from the Federal Trade Commission, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20580-0001. Electronic copies may also be obtained from
9、 http:/access.gpo.gov/.) 2.3 Non-government publications. The following documents form a part of this document. AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR QUALITY (ASQ) ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 - Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes (Copies are available online at: www.asq.org or American Society For Quality,
10、 600 North Plankinton Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53203.) ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM) ASTM D 276 - Standard Test Methods for Identification of Fibers in Textiles ASTM D 737 - Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics ASTM D 1776 - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles AS
11、TM D 1777 - Standard Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials ASTM D 2261 - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of -Extension Tensile Testing Machine ASTM D 3774 - Standard Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric ASTM D 3775 - St
12、andard Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count of Woven Fabrics ASTM D 3776 - Standard Test Method for Mass per Unit Area (Weight) of Woven Fabrics ASTM D 5035 - Standard Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method) ASTM G 151 - Standard practice for ex
13、posing NonMetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices That Use Laboratory Light Sources ASTM G 155 - Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials (Application for copies should be addressed to the ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
14、Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Electronic copies may be obtained from www.astm.org.) (THIS SPACE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK) Page 2 of 20 Copyright Protected: Do Not Copy!PIA-C-8021C AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF TEXTILE CHEMISTS AND COLORISTS (AATCC AATCC 8 - Colorfastness to Crocking: Crockmeter Method AATC
15、C 16 - Colorfastness to Light AATCC 20A - Fiber Analysis: Quantitative AATCC 61 - Colorfastness to Laundering: Accelerated AATCC 81 - pH of the Water-Extract from Wet Processed Textiles AATCC 192 - Weather Resistance of Textiles: Sunshine-Arc Lamp Exposure with and without Wetting AATCC Evaluation P
16、rocedures: - 1 Gray Scale for Color Change - 2 Gray Scale for Staining - 8 AATCC 9 - Step Chromatic Transference Scale - 9 Visual Assessment of Color Difference Textiles (Applications for copies should be addressed to the AATCC National Headquarters, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-
17、2215. Electronic copies may be obtained from www.aatcc.org .) PARACHUTE INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION (PIA) PIA-STD-851 - CODING, MANUFACTURERS IDENTIFICATION, NYLON PARACHUTE CLOTH PIA-TEST METHOD-503 - PERMANENCE OF SET AND SHRINKAGE IN PARACHUTE FABRICS (BOILED WATER TEST METHOD) (Electronic copies may be
18、 obtained from .) 2.4 Order or precedence. Unless otherwise noted herein or in the contract, in the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and re
19、gulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 3. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Yarn. The nylon yarn used in the manufacture of the cloth shall be a continuous multi-filament bright, high tenacity, light and heat resistant, polyamide prepared from hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid or its derivative
20、s. The yarn shall have a minimum melting point of 244C (471F) when tested in accordance with TABLE II. The yarn shall not be bleached in any manner or during any subsequent process. 3.1.1 Recycled, recovered, or environmentally preferable materials. Recycled, recovered, or environmentally preferable
21、 materials should be used to the maximum extent possible, provided that the material meets or exceeds the operational and maintenance requirements, and promotes economically advantageous life cycle costs. Page 3 of 20 Copyright Protected: Do Not Copy!PIA-C-8021C 3.2 Weave. 3.2.1 Type I. The weave pa
22、ttern for Type I cloth shall be a two-up, two-down, right-hand twill. 3.2.2 Type II. The weave pattern for Type II cloth shall be as specified in FIGURE 1. 3.2.3 Type IIA. The weave pattern for Type IIA cloth shall be as specified in FIGURE 2. 3.2.4 Type III. The weave pattern for Type III cloth sha
23、ll be as specified in FIGURE 3. 3.3 Standard. The finished cloth shall match the standard for shade and shall be equal to or better than the standard with respect to all characteristics for which the standard sample is referenced (see 6.3). 3.4 Physical and chemical properties. The physical and chem
24、ical properties of the finished cloth shall conform to TABLE I and subparagraphs thereto. TABLE I Physical Requirements. Characteristic Types I II IIA III Yarns per inch (minimum): Warp Filling 70 53 40 38 70 48 38 38 Yarn ply: Warp Filling Single 2 4 Single Single 2 4 Single Weight (oz./sq.yd.)(max
25、imum) 4.75 7.00 10.50 14.00 Breaking strength (lbs./inch)(minimum) (Ravel Strip Method): Warp Filling 200 300 500 600 200 300 500 600 Elongation (percent)(minimum): Warp Filling 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 Tearing strength (lbs.)(minimum) (Tongue Method): Warp Filling 15 20 75 75 15 20 75 75 Thickness (
26、inch) (maximum) .020 .024 .025 .035 Air permeability cu.ft.air/minute/sq.ft.) at: ” water pressure (Class 1) 20” water pressure (Class 2) 50-90 50-90 50-90 15-55 450-650 450-650 650-750 250-450 Page 4 of 20 Copyright Protected: Do Not Copy!PIA-C-8021C 3.4.1 Permanence of set. The permanence of the c
27、loth finish shall be such that when the cloth is subjected to the test specified in 4.7.4.1: a. The average of the air permeability readings taken after testing shall be within 15 percent plus or minus of the average of readings taken before testing. b. The cloth thickness after testing shall not ex
28、ceed 10 percent more than the thickness before testing. c. The cloth shrinkage after testing shall not exceed 2.0 percent in the warp or 1.0 percent in the filling direction. 3.4.2 Water soluble material. The water soluble material of the finished cloth shall not exceed 2.0 percent when tested as sp
29、ecified in 4.7.4. 3.4.3 pH. The pH value of the finished cloth shall not be less than 5.5 or more than 9.0 when tested as specified in 4.7.4. 3.4.4 Color. The color of the finished cloth and its referenced standard shall be as specified by the procuring activity (see 6.2). Unless otherwise specified
30、, the color shall be natural (see 6.2). 3.4.4.1 Dyeing. When dyed fabric is required, the fabric shall be yarn or piece dyed. 3.4.4.2 Visual shade matching. When evaluated in accordance with 4.8, the color of the dyed fabric shall match the standard when viewed with sources simulating artificial day
31、light, and shall be a good match to the standard under incandescent lamplight. 3.4.4.3 Colorfastness. When tested as specified in 4.7.3.3, the finished fabric shall show fastness to light and laundering as follows and testing shall be as specified in TABLE IV. Characteristic Rating, Min Light (Fade)
32、 1/3-4 Laundering 2/3-4 Notes: 1/Rated using the AATCC Evaluation Procedure 1, Gray Scale for Color Change. 2/Rated using the AATCC Evaluation Procedure 1, Gray Scale for Color Change and AATCC Evaluation Procedure 2, Gray Scale for Staining. 3.4.5 Dimensions. 3.4.5.1 Width. The finished cloth width
33、 shall be as specified by the procuring activity (see 6.2). 3.4.5.2 Length and put-up. Unless otherwise specified, the cloth shall be in continuous pieces, each not less than 50 yards. The pieces shall be put-up on rolls as specified in the Page 5 of 20 Copyright Protected: Do Not Copy!PIA-C-8021C p
34、rocurement document (see 6.2). Shorter cuts may be included in accordance with the following schedule: 75 percent of total yardage in cuts 50-150 yards 15 percent of total yardage in cuts 25-50 yards 10 percent of total yardage in cuts 15-25 yards 3.4.6 Resistance to heat and light. The cloth shall
35、not lose more than 25 percent of the original strength when tested in accordance with 4.7.4. 3.5 Fiber identification. Each piece shall be labeled or ticketed, and invoiced for fiber content in accordance with the rules and regulations under the Textiles Fiber Products Identification Act (see 4.7.2.
36、1). 3.6 Identification yarns. Unless otherwise specified, each roll of cloth shall have identification warp yarns as assigned per PIA-STD-851a maximum of 2 inches from at least one selvedge edge of the finished cloth. The dye used in the identification yarns shall have no adverse effect on the physi
37、cal properties of the fabric, as specified in TABLE II. The identification yarns in the finished cloth shall show fastness to light, laundering and bleeding in damp air equal to or better than a rating of 3-4 on the AATCC Gray Scale for staining, when tested as specified in TABLE II. 3.7 Identificat
38、ion of product. Each roll of finished cloth shall be marked for identification in accordance with good commercial practice. In addition, each piece of cloth in each roll shall be clearly and legibly marked with the finishers roll number or code, and each roll shall have attached a durable tag on whi
39、ch the finishers roll number or code is listed. The date of manufacture (3.7.1) of the cloth shall be included on the tag attached to each roll. 3.7.1 Date of manufacture. The date of manufacture is defined as the date (month and year) of the last manufacturing process that affects the physical char
40、acteristics of the cloth. This would not include slitting, inspection, or rewinding. 3.8 Bleaching. The cloth shall not be bleached by any manner or process. 3.9 Workmanship. The finished cloth shall be clean and evenly woven and shall conform to the quality and grade of product established by this
41、specification, and the occurrence of defects shall not exceed the applicable Acceptance Quality Limit. The finished cloth shall not show spottiness or be off shade of the standard range. The finished cloth shall not have an objectionable odor (Normal residual odor of chemicals commonly used shall no
42、t be regarded as objectionable). 3.10 First article. When specified (see 6.2), a sample representative of the production quality shall be subjected to the first article inspection in accordance with 4.3. 4. VERIFICATION 4.1 Classification for inspection. Unless otherwise specified in the contract or
43、 purchase order, the supplier is responsible for the performance of all inspection requirements (examination Page 6 of 20 Copyright Protected: Do Not Copy!PIA-C-8021C and tests) as specified herein. Except as otherwise specified in the contract or order, the contractor may use their own or any other
44、 facilities suitable for the performance of the inspection requirements specified herein, unless disapproved by the procuring activity. The procuring activity reserves the right to perform any of the inspections set forth in the specification where such inspections are deemed necessary to assure sup
45、plies and services conform to prescribed requirements. 4.1.1 Certificates of Compliance. A Certificate of Compliance shall be prepared for each lot of material offered for acceptance (see 4.6.1). The certificate shall include all quantitative data resulting from specified chemical and mechanical tes
46、ts. Qualitative results of nondestructive tests, and other inspections or tests, shall be recorded on the certificate. The certificate shall also state that each lot has been sampled, tested, and inspected, in accordance with the specification and meets all specification requirements. The certificat
47、e shall be signed by a responsible representative of the contractor. When Certificates of Compliance are submitted, the procuring activity reserves the right to inspect, and or, test such items to determine the validity of the certificate. 4.2 Classification of inspections. The inspection requiremen
48、ts specified herein are classified as follows: a. First article inspection (see 4.3) b. Quality conformance inspection and testing (see 4.4 and 4.6). 4.3 First article inspection. When a first article is required (see 3.10 and 6.2), it shall be examined for the defects specified in TABLE V, paragrap
49、h 4.7-4.7.3.4, and tested for all requirements listed in TABLE IV. 4.4 Conformance inspection. Sampling for inspection shall be performed as specified in this document unless otherwise specified in the contract or order (see 6.2). Quality conformance inspections shall be performed on every shippers roll as specified. Shippers rolls are created after finishing when a finishers roll is divided for the purpose of handling and delivery.
