1、PIA-T-1001A 03 December 2008 Superseding PIA-T-1001 30 November 1998 The following commercial specification is an original Parachute Industry Association specification. _ TAPE, TEXTILE, NYLON, PARACHUTE CONSTRUCTION The Parachute Industry Association makes this document available for use by Industry
2、 and Government organizations that wish to apply this specification to their products. 1. SCOPE 1.1 Scope. This specification covers one type of nylon tape used in the manufacture of parachute bindings. 2. CLASSIFICATION 2.1 Classification. The tape shall be manufactured in a 1 inch width. 3. SALIEN
3、T CHARACTERISTICS 3.1 Materials. The tape shall be manufactured with nylon 6 or 6,6 yarns on a shuttleless narrow fabric loom. 3.1.1 Yarns. The nylon yarn used in the manufacture of the tape shall be a bright, high tenacity, light and heat resistant polyamide. Nylon 6 or 6,6 shall be used as specifi
4、ed in the procurement document. If the type of nylon is not specified either type may be used. The yarn shall not be bleached. 3.1.2 Denier. The nominal size of the warp yarns shall be 210 or 420 denier. The filling yarns shall be 420 denier nylon. The catch-cord shall be 30 to 100 denier nylon. 3.1
5、.3 Identification yarn. One black nylon or polyester identification yarn shall be interwoven in the center of the tape. The size of the marker yarn shall be similar to the natural warp yarns and shall be woven as detailed in 3.2. 3.2 Weave. The tape shall be woven as a plain, 1 up/1 down weave. The
6、warp ends shall weave 2 ends as 1 if 210 denier yarns are used or 1 end as 1 if 420 denier yarns are used. The filling shall be inserted as two yarns per shed and shall traverse the full width of the webbing. The filling shall be held at the edge by a catch-cord yarn interlacing with the filling as
7、depicted in FIGURE 1. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT: All Rights Reserved. No Part of this publication may be reproduced without prior written permission from Parachute Industry Association. Additional copies may be purchased on-line from the PIA Store at: .PIA-T-1001A 3.3 Construction and physical propert
8、ies. The webbing shall conform to the construction and physical properties of TABLE I when tested as specified in 4.2. 3.4 Color. The color of the tape and its referenced standard shall be as specified by the procuring activity or order. 3.4.1 Dyeing. When dyed tape is required, the tape shall be ya
9、rn or piece dyed. 3.4.2 Visual shade matching. The color of the dyed tape shall match the standard when viewed using the AATCC Evaluation Procedure 9, Option A, with sources simulating artificial daylight D75 illuminate with color temperature of 7500 200K, with illumination of 100 20 foot candles, a
10、nd shall be a good match to the standard under incandescent lamplight at 2856 200K. 3.4.3 Colorfastness. The dyed webbing shall show colorfastness to laundering and crocking as follows: Characteristic Rating, Min Laundering 1/: Color change Staining 2-3 2-3 Crocking 2/: Dry Wet 3.5 3.5 Testing shall
11、 be specified in TABLE III Notes: 1/Rated using the AATCC Evaluation Procedure 1, Gray Scale for Color Change and AATCC Evaluation Procedure 2, Gray Scale for Staining 2/Rated using the AATCC Evaluation Procedure 8, AATCC9-Step Chromatic Transference Scale. 3.5 Colorfastness of identification yarns.
12、 The identification yarn shall have a colorfastness to crocking of no less than 2.5 as rated using the AATCC Evaluation Procedure 8, AATCC9-Step Chromatic Transference Scale when tested as specified in TABLE II. 3.6 Curvature. The tape shall show no more lateral curvature than ” within a yard when t
13、ested as specified in 4.2.1. 3.7 pH. The pH value of the water extract of the finished webbing shall be no less than 5.5 nor more than 9.0 when tested as specified TABLE III. 3.8 Date of Manufacture. When required by the procurement document the textile manufacturer shall properly identify the age o
14、f the textile materials by placing a tag on the finished goods or label on the containers identifying the specification to which the material is manufactured, the lot number and the date of manufacture. The date of manufacture is defined as the date (month and year) of the last manufacturing process
15、 that affects the physical characteristics of the material. 3.9 Length and put-up. The put-up of the tape and the minimum length of piece shall be as specified in the procurement document. If not specified, each roll shall contain 100 to 144 Page 2 of 7 PIA-T-1001A Page 3 of 7 yards. No roll shall c
16、ontain more than two pieces, and no piece shall be less than 40 yards in length. TABLE I Physical properties. Property RequirementsWidth, inch 1 1/16” Yarn ply: Warp Fill 1 1 Yarns warp (total width), min: 210 denier warp 420 denier warp Filling/picks per inch, min 201 101 46 (23 doubled) Weight, oz
17、/lin.yd., max 0.35 Thickness, inch 0.010 - 0.030 Breaking strength, lb., min 600 Elongation, %, min 16 TABLE II Testing of components. Characteristic Requirement Reference Test Method Nylon Yarns: Nylon identification Luster Denier Tenacity Colorfastness to crocking: I.D. yarns only 3.1.1 3.1.1 3.1.
18、2 3.1.1 3.5 1/ Visual 1/ASTM D1907 1/1/AATCC 8 1/Note: 1/A certificate of compliance shall be submitted for these requirements. 4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS 4.1 Visual examination. Each yard shall be examined for the defects listed below. 4.1.1 Defects. Any hole, cut, or tear; broken or missing y
19、arn; smash; float, mispick, harness skip, or other misweave; hitchback, stripback; open or thin place, crack (warp or filling); knot or slub; loose, slack, or tight yarns; reed mark, wrong draw; abrasion mark, bruise, tender or weak spot; embedded crease or wrinkle; selvage cut, torn, folded, rolled
20、, slack, or tight; filing bar, coarse filling, or mixed filling; spot, stain, streak, or dirty yarn; foreign matter; shade not as specified; finish not equal to or better than standard; offshade or uneven shading throughout piece; mottled, cloudy, streaky, or bare; overall uncleanness or soiled; bag
21、gy, ridgy, wavy, or unevenly woven; width not within established tolerances; net length less than indicated; any items not packaged in accordance with the contract or purchase order. PIA-T-1001A 4.1.2 Acceptance criteria. Acceptance criteria shall be as specified in the contract or purchase order. 4
22、.2 Testing of the end item. The methods of testing specified in TABLE III shall be followed. All test reports shall contain the average values utilized in expressing the final result. The sample unit for test purposes shall be 10 linear yards. The lot size shall be expressed in units of 1 yard. The
23、lot shall be unacceptable if one or more units fail to meet any requirements specified. The sample size shall be as follows: Lot Size (Yards) Sample Size 800 or less 2 801 up to and including 22,000 3 22,001 and over 5 TABLE III End item tests. Characteristic Requirement Paragraph Test Method Weave
24、Width Yarns per inch Weight Thickness Breaking strength Elongation Curvature pH Colorfastness to: Laundering Crocking 3.3 TABLE I TABLE I TABLE I TABLE I TABLE I TABLE I 3.6 3.7 3.4.3 3.4.3 Visual 1/ASTM D 3774 (Opt.B) ASTM D 3775 2/ASTM D 3776 (Opt.D) ASTM D-1777 Opt. 2 3/ASTM D 6775 ASTM D 6775 4/
25、Para 4.2.1 AATCC 81 AATCC 61 Test 1A 5/ 6/ AATCC 8 Notes: 1/One determination per sample unit and the result reported as “pass or fail”. 2/Except the total number of warp yarns shall be reported. 3/ The diameter of the anvil shall be no less than 1.129 inches (28.6mm).4/Elongation will be calculated
26、 at 90% or greater than the load specified in TABLE I. The pretension load shall be equivalent to no less than 1% of the minimum rated specification breaking strength requirements. 5/On the color transfer cloth evaluation, only the stain on the nylon fibers of the color transfer cloth shall be evalu
27、ated. 6/Except laundering cycle shall be 30 minutes and the temperature of the container and its contents shall be maintained at 100 4F (38 2C). 4.3 Methods of inspection. 4.3.1 Measurement of curvature. Page 4 of 7 PIA-T-1001A Page 5 of 7 4.3.1.1 Test specimen. The test specimen shall be a length o
28、f tape or webbing, full width, measuring a minimum of 40 inches. The specimen shall not be stretched, smoothed, or otherwise changed from its original condition prior to testing. 4.3.1.2 Number of determinations. Five specimens shall be tested from each sample unit. 4.3.1.3 Apparatus. Plexiglas or e
29、qual - a sheet of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) weighing approximately 35 ounces with dimensions of 45 inches by 5 inches by inch Straight edge - a rigid ruler-straight edge measuring 36 inches in length - a roller 1 inch in diameter, weighing 1 pounds 4.3.1.4 Procedure. The specimens shall be plac
30、ed flat on a smooth horizontal flat surface without tension and allowed to reach moisture equilibrium as defined in ASTM D 1776. After equilibrium is reached, a weight shall be placed at one end of the tape. The roller shall be placed on the specimen at the end of the tape where the weight is locate
31、d. The specimen shall be approximately in the center of the roller. The roller shall be rolled along the length of the specimen, care being taken to keep the specimen in the center of the roller and not to exert any pressure on the roller. When the roller has passed the length of the tape, the PMMA
32、shall then be placed on the specimen for a period of 1 hour. Without moving the PMMA on the specimen, the straight edge shall be placed on the PMMA so that both ends of the straight edge are aligned perpendicularly with the outermost edge of the specimen. Determine the highest degree of curvature of
33、 the outermost edge of the specimen from the straight edge by measuring to the nearest 1/32 of an inch perpendicularly from the straight edge. Record the highest measurement (see FIGURE 2). 4.4 Certificate of compliance. Where certifications of compliance are submitted, the buyer reserves the right
34、to check test such items to determine the validity of the certification. 5. PACKAGING 5.1 Preservation, packing and marking. The preservation, packing and marking shall be in accordance with commercial standards or as referenced by the procuring activity or order. 6. NOTES 6.1 Source of referenced d
35、ocuments. ASTM Test Methods (Applications for copies should be addressed to ASTM International (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19426-2959. Electronic copies may be obtained from www.astm.org.) AATCC Test Methods PIA-T-1001A Application for copies should be addressed to the AATCC
36、 National Headquarters, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2215. Electronic copies may be obtained from www.aatcc.org .) 6.2 Intended use. The tape covered by this specification is intended for use in the manufacture of parachutes. Figure 1 Catch-cord diagram. Selvage locked by knittin
37、g filling loops simultaneously with additional catch thread using “inclined” latch needle. Figure 2 Catch-cord diagram. Page 6 of 7 PIA-T-1001A Figure 3 Diagram Curvature Measurement. * Notice: This document is being maintained as a commercial specification by the Parachute Industry Association. Ord
38、ers, inquires and comments should be addressed to PIA, Specification Committee via e-mail at: or to our website at: . Page 7 of 7 Disclaimer: This document is published by the PIA to provide technical and engineering standards that can be used by reference by all those who may benefit from them. T
39、he use of this document is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent or trademark infringement arising there from, is the sole responsibility of the user. The PIA reviews each technical publication periodically, at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or canceled. The PIA invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 1998-2008 Parachute Industry Association.
