1、Page 1 of 8 PIA Technical Standard Parachute Canopy Fabric Pull Test Non-Destructive Method Background: The purpose of this test method is to provide a simple, standardized, non-destructive method of verifying the strength of parachute canopy fabric. This test method may be used when no other proced
2、ure is specified by the manufacturer. Although this test is intended to be non-destructive, caution should be exercised as this test could damage the fabric, if the fabric is not positioned correctly or is not secured tightly. It may also affect the fabric permeability. This method is designed to re
3、place the old “Riggers Thumb Test“, first devised in response to the “canopy acid-mesh“ discovery in the mid-1980s. It is now the accepted method for all parachutes requiring canopy fabric strength tests. Reasons for testing may include: Manufacturers Service Bulletins (SBs), Airworthiness Directive
4、s (ADs), aging material, chemical contamination, UV exposure or discoloration of a suspicious origin, such as grease. Tools required and possible sources are as follows: 2 ea. Locking Fabric Clamps Figure 1 Para-Gear Equipment Co. 800-323-0437 (P/N S7989) 3839 W. Oakton St. www.para- Skokie, IL 6007
5、6-3438 Aerostar International, Inc. 605-331-3500 (P/N 51406M) 1814 N. Sioux Falls, SD 57117-5057 Ink, Marking (for parachutes and other textile items) A-A-59211 (21Jul/98) Supersedes MIL-I-6903C (5Mar/68) American Writing Ink Co. 781-762-0026 33 Endicott St. Norwood, MA 02062 Disclaimer: Parachute
6、canopy manufacturers may have pull test requirements that differ in methods, procedures, and loads applied. Test procedures specified by the canopy manufacturer takes precedence over the test procedures described in this document. The person performing the pull tests must determine if the canopy man
7、ufacturer has a specific method of pull testing their canopy fabric. PIA-TS-108.1 15 January 2010 Superseding PIA-TS-108 12 December 1992 PIA-TS-108.1 Page 2 of 8 Strata Blue P/N 7510-00-286-5362 Available in 1 pint container Orange-Yellow P/N 7510-00-634-6583 Available in 1 pint container Hitt Mark
8、ing Devices, Inc. 714-979-1405 3231 W. MacArthur Blvd. 800-969-6699 (toll free) Santa Ana, CA 92704 Sharpie Pen- black 1 ea. Calibrated Spring Scale, 50 lb. (23 kg.) minimum capacity This scale should be calibrated at least once a year to an accuracy of +/- 3 lbs. It should be identified with a ser
9、ial number and written verification of calibration must be kept on file. An adhesive label (or similar) should be affixed to the scale showing the date calibrated and the date next calibration is due. If the scale is damaged in any manner, such as dropping, it must be pulled from service and tagged
10、as unserviceable until its recalibration. Test Procedures: The following procedures do not take precedence over a manufacturers test procedures for their products. Before testing make sure you have the manufacturers most current test procedures. A minimum of 2 areas should be tested on a canopy, but
11、 not less than 2 pull tests on each separate color (1 in the warp direction and 1 in the fill direction). When testing look for areas of contamination and/or discoloration. If possible remain approximately 6 inches (150mm) from any seam. Proceed as follows: NOTE: Steps 1 and 2 apply to cases involvi
12、ng acid-mesh pull testing. 1. Locate the mesh vents in the canopy and determine the fabric areas which are in contact with the mesh when the canopy is packed. These areas are shown as the diagonally shaded lines in typical tri-vent canopies (see FIGURE 2). 2. Perform one 40 lb. (18 kg.) pull test on
13、 each panel of material that comes in contact with the mesh when the canopy is packed. Alternate tests from the warp to fill direction on the panels. This could be as few as four tests or as many as twelve tests on some bias constructed canopies. CAUTION: Never attach fabric clamps or perform pull t
14、ests on the mesh covered areas of any canopy. Extensive damage will result. NOTE: Steps 3 through 6 apply to all pull tests (not just acid-mesh). 3. The area to be tested must be visibly marked for future reference. Refer to FIGURE 3 for examples of how to mark the parachute to be tested. 4. After t
15、he marking ink has dried, attach the locking fabric clamps to the ripstop fabric as shown in FIGURE 4. The distance between the clamps should be 3 inches (76.2mm) plus or minus PIA-TS-108.1 Page 3 of 8 inch (6.35mm) and the clamps must be aligned so that the ripstop pattern is parallel (not on bias)
16、 to the edge of the jaws. Lock the clamps VERY SECURELY. This will prevent slippage and possible damage to the fabric. NOTE: If the area to be tested is too small to allow 3 inches (76.2mm) plus or minus inch (6.35mm) between the jaws of the fabric clamps (such as the apex area of a round canopy), t
17、he distance between the jaws may be reduced to 2 inches (50.8mm) plus or minus inch (6.35mm). 5. Secure one clamp to the packing table or other object which will allow a sufficient load to be applied without movement of the fabric clamp. Attach the spring scale hook to the other fabric clamp and app
18、ly the load very smoothly and steadily. Hold the load for 3 seconds. 6. Record test results on the tested areas in contrasting ink as shown in FIGURE 5. Information should include the following: The amount of loading pulled to in pounds or kilograms The date tested The word PASS or FAIL The name and
19、 certificate number of the individual performing the test. After completing the tests record the information in your rigger logbook and on the packing data card. (THIS SPACE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK) PIA-TS-108.1 Page 4 of 8 Fabric clamp (rubber padded/square jaw) FIGURE 1 NOTE: Use only approved fa
20、bric clamps. Improvised or homemade clamps may increase the chances of damaging the area to be tested. PIA-TS-108.1 Page 5 of 8 Below are diagrams of typical tri-vent modifications. NOTE: Diagonally shaded areas show examples of fabric that comes in contact with mesh or may contact mesh. FIGURE 2 PI
21、A-TS-108.1 Page 6 of 8 Examples of canopy markings FIGURE 3 NOTE: Use only a rubber stamp and approved ink or a black Sharpie pen to mark the areas to be tested. Do not use a ballpoint pen, pencils or similar items to mark the test area. This could result in damaging the fabric being tested. _ LB/KG
22、 PULL TEST: DATE: RIGGERS NAME AND CERTIFICATE NUMBER _ LB/KG PULL TEST: DATE: RIGGERS NAME AND CERTIFICATE NUMBER NOTE: This method uses either the corners of the box (above) or the dots (below) as guides for the fabric clamps. PIA-TS-108.1 Page 7 of 8 How to attach clamps FIGURE 4 1” Indicator Dots* (4 Each Test) 1” 3” Clamp Jaw Clamp Jaw Ripstop pattern parallel to edge of clamp jaw Clamp Jaws 3” Parachute Fabric Direction of Load Direction of Load PIA-TS-108.1 Page 8 of 8 Example of completed test FIGURE 5 40 LB PULL TEST: PASSED DATE: 14 JUN 2009 MASTER RIGGER: JOE RIGGER 1234567
