1、 Requirements for the Use of Rework Materials in Manufacturing of Polyethylene Gas Pipe TN-30/2013 105 Decker Court, Suite 825, Irving, TX 75062P: 469-499-1044F: 469-499-1063www.plasticpipe.org FOREWORD This technical note was developed and published with the technical help and financial support of
2、the members of the PPI (Plastics Pipe Institute, Inc.). The members have shown their interest in quality products by assisting independent standards-making and user organizations in the development of standards, and also by developing reports on an industry-wide basis to help engineers, code officia
3、ls, specifying groups, and users. This note has been prepared by PPI as a service of the industry. The information in this report is offered in good faith and believed to be accurate at the time of its preparation, but is offered “as is” without any express or implied warranty, including WARRANTIES
4、OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Any reference to or testing of a particular proprietary product shall not be construed as an endorsement by PPI, which does not endorse the proprietary products or processes of any manufacturer. Industry members offer the information in this n
5、ote for consideration in fulfilling their own compliance responsibilities. PPI assumes no responsibility for compliance with applicable laws and regulations. PPI intends to revise this note from time to time, in response to comments and suggestions from users of the note. Please send suggestions of
6、improvements to the address below. Information on other publications can be obtained by contacting PPI directly or visiting the web site. The Plastics Pipe Institute http:/www.plasticpipe.org This Technical Note, TN-30, was first issued in January 2006 and was revised and republished in September 20
7、13. 105 Decker Court, Suite 825, Irving, TX 75062P: 469-499-1044F: 469-499-1063www.plasticpipe.org TN-30 Requirements for the use of Rework Materials in Polyethylene Gas Pipe 1.0 SCOPE AND PURPOSE This technical note offers guidance and requirements for polyethylene gas pipe manufacturers and provid
8、es criteria for evaluation of manufacturers by purchasers of polyethylene gas pipe, with respect to the use of rework of polyethylene materials in the manufacture of ASTM D 2513 polyethylene gas pipe. These requirements address the cleanliness of rework polyethylene materials used in the manufacture
9、 of ASTM D 2513 polyethylene gas pipe to ensure that the use of rework does not compromise pipe quality. The user should consult Title 49CFR Part 192 for the current referenced edition of ASTM D 2513. 2.0 INTRODUCTION The requirements in this technical note are designed to ensure the responsible use
10、 of rework materials and to ensure compliance with ASTM D 2513. In general, the requirements contained in this document reflect good rework inventory controls, good housekeeping, good manufacturing practices and good record keeping procedures. This technical note addresses only the extrusion process
11、 for pipe or tubing from polyethylene materials that are identified in ASTM D 2513, Annex A1. It does not address rework for other piping materials that are identified in ASTM D 2513. These requirements shall be used to determine if polyethylene gas pipe is produced in facilities that have appropria
12、te procedures for controlling the use of rework materials. A manufacturer shall be evaluated with respect to whether they comply with the rework material requirements of this technical note, ASTM D 2513, product quality, and customer expectations. 3.0 REQUIREMENTS FOR REWORK MATERIALS In meeting AST
13、M D 2513 requirements, rework, sometimes called regrind, shall have specific characteristics: 3.1 Rework shall be clean A manufacturer shall have a documented procedure governing the use of rework materials. At a minimum, there shall be written procedures and instructions for the responsible use of
14、rework in a manufacturers production process. Rework processes and procedures shall be designed to maintain virgin and rework material cleanliness, to avoid introducing contamination, and to remove inadvertently introduced contamination. 3.2 Rework shall be equal to or better than the material desig
15、nation of the virgin material with which it is used Rework processes and procedures, shall ensure that the source of rework material is from material with the same or higher PPI listed Hydrostatic Design Stress (HDS) at 73F and have the same or higher elevated temperature HDB at 140F, as the virgin
16、material with which it is used (e.g. PE4710 can be used with PE4708, but PE4708 cannot be used with PE4710). 3.3 Rework shall be generated in the manufacturers own production Rework materials must originate in the manufacturers own pipe1production facilities. A manufacturer may transfer rework among
17、 its own facilities provided it is managed in accordance with these requirements and is properly labeled and documented. Materials from other outside sources are prohibited. 3.4 Pipe that is not suitable for use as rework In addition to the above, rework pipes having any of the following conditions
18、should not be used: Unknown thermal history Prolonged barrel residence time Excessive melt temperature that may cause degradation contamination be identified Non-black polyethylene pipe stored outdoors for over two years from date of manufacture is not suitable for use as a rework Rework pipe that c
19、annot be cleaned is not suitable for use as rework Processed rework materials that becomes contaminated and cannot be adequately cleaned shall not be used 4.0 SOURCES OF REWORK During the manufacturing process, there are several circumstances that result in the generation of pipe that is not directl
20、y saleable but is otherwise suitable for use as rework. Examples include: Startup Samples for quality control and quality assurance Production changeovers Service interruptions Unintentional errors and cosmetically damaged goods 1Some pipe manufacturers may have production operations for polyethylen
21、e piping products such as molded or fabricated fittings or feedstock for piping fabrications. The term “pipe” as used herein is inclusive of pipe and these piping product operations. 5.0 THE REWORK PROCESS The documented rework procedure shall be designed to assure that contamination is not introduc
22、ed in the rework process. For example, rework pipe must be moved from production, to size reduction that may be in several stages, to storage and then to the extruder. In-process rework material may need to be temporarily stored several times during the process. Contamination can be avoided by keepi
23、ng in-process rework materials in clean areas, in clean, closed containers, by storage in specially designated areas, and by processing rework material in clean, well maintained equipment. Good housekeeping and cleanliness in production, rework handling and storage facilities helps maintain the clea
24、nliness of rework pipe. Key elements of the rework process are maintaining correct material identification, preventing contamination, and proper handling and storage. Material designation identification must be maintained as the rework material moves through the rework process. 5.1 Rework Identifica
25、tion According to the requirements of ASTM D 2513, pipe that is acceptable for rework must be generated in the manufacturers own production, so that its origin can be traced to records that provide the material designation of the rework. Rework identification and tracking may take various forms appr
26、opriate for the manufacturers production process. Identification by color alone may not be sufficient and supplemental labeling or marking may be required on pipe intended for rework. Care shall be taken to ensure that labeling or marking does not introduce contamination. 5.2 Pipe Storage Pipe to be
27、 used as rework shall be segregated and stored in areas that are clearly identified for rework storage. 5.3 Cleaning Pipe Prior to Grinding Soiled or surface contaminated rework pipes shall be thoroughly cleaned before processing through the size reduction equipment. Cleaning must remove dirt, mud,
28、water, stones, chips and shavings and other contamination from the interior and the exterior of each piece of rework pipe. Depending on the type of contamination, cleaning procedures may range from cleaning with clean cloths to power washing. If used, surface cleaning liquids must not leave a delete
29、rious residue or film on the surface, and must be dried off immediately. Rework materials must be dry before processing through the size reduction equipment. Written procedures and instructions for the cleaning of pipe intended for rework are required. 5.4 Grinding of Pipe and Fittings for use as Re
30、work Rework pipe must be reduced to chips that can be fed into the extruder. Typically, this is a multi-stage size reduction process. Rework pipe is initially cut into shorter lengths or into sections that can be fed into additional size reduction equipment. Rework pipe is usually cut or split into
31、sections, and depending on size, into shredding and grinding or directly into grinding equipment that reduces rework pipe sections into chips. Grinding equipment typically uses rotating blades to produce chips. Size reduction equipment and the area around the equipment shall be kept clean, both for
32、safety and to prevent the introduction of contamination. All cuttings and shavings are discarded as waste. Packaging materials such as plastic and steel strapping, strapping buckles and seals, plastic wrap, pipe end caps, cardboard, wood, and the like must be removed from rework pipe, from rework pi
33、pe storage areas, and discarded as waste. Care must be taken to ensure that waste materials do not enter size reduction equipment. Where grinding and conveying equipment is not specifically dedicated to a unique material (based on the material designation), written procedures and instructions for cl
34、eaning of the grinding and conveying equipment are required to assure that cross contamination of dissimilar materials does not occur. Dust separators shall be used in the material delivery system to remove fine particles and/or dust from the rework stream. 5.5 Storage of Rework In order to prevent
35、entry of foreign materials, ground rework material shall be stored in silos or covered containers dedicated to gas pipe rework use. Gaylord boxes shall be covered and fitted with plastic bag liners. Plastic bag liners shall be deep enough to fold and close over the contents. The liners shall not be
36、reused for dissimilar materials. The rework container shall be clearly labeled with traceability information as determined by the manufacturer. 6.0 DOCUMENTATION 6.1 Documentation of Rework Procedures The manufacturer shall have written procedures for its entire rework process and for the training o
37、r rework system operators. Rework system operator training shall be documented. The manufacturer shall be able to demonstrate that appropriate operators within a facility are trained in the proper procedures and be able to demonstrate compliance. 6.2 Production Records The manufacturer shall maintai
38、n permanent records that identify the location of manufacture, pipe production and resin lots, and any additional information which is agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser. This documentation shall also include identification of the material designation and maximum percentage of rework, if
39、any, traceable to the print line. 7.0 EXTRUSION OF PIPE UTILIZING REWORK7.1 Amount For the production of pipe used for natural gas distribution applications, the maximum rework percentage levels shall be in accordance with the pipe specification, but no more than 30%. 7.2 Removing Contamination Duri
40、ng Extrusion 7.2.1 Removal of ferrous particles Magnets shall be used near the base of the material hopper at the extruder, and near the base of other material hoppers where appropriate in the material handling system. The purpose of the magnets is to attract potential ferrous contaminants and remov
41、e them from the material stream. Manufacturers documented procedures shall include procedures to inspect and clean hopper magnets. 7.2.2 Filter the melt before it enters the pipe die Each extruder shall be equipped with a melt filtering system (screens) capable of filtering out particles of a nomina
42、l size equal to or greater than 10% of the minimum wall thickness of the pipe. In no case shall the melt filtering system allow passage of particles larger than 0.017 inches (0.4 mm). Manufacturers documented procedures shall include procedures for maintaining the melt filtering system and cleaning or replacing melt filter elements (screens).
