1、 TR-2/2011 PPI PVC Range Composition Listing of Qualified Ingredients 105 Decker Court, Suite 825 Irving, TX 75062 P: 469-499-1044 F: 469-499-1063 www.plasticpipe.org TR-25/25/2016Foreword This technical report was developed and published with the technical help and financial support of the members
2、of the PPI (Plastics Pipe Institute). The members have shown their interest in quality products by assisting independent standards-making and user organizations in the development of standards, and also by developing reports on an industry-wide basis to help engineers, code officials, specifying gro
3、ups, and users. PPIs PVC range composition and all applicable policies are included in this technical report. This technical report lists of each of the ingredients that have been accepted by the Hydrostatic Stress Board (HSB) by its commercial designation as qualified for use in PPIs PVC Range Comp
4、osition. Requirements for acceptance are covered by applicable PPI policy or, in cases for which there is no applicable policy, the HSB may determine these requirements through a “Special Case” consideration. The listings included in this report also show allowable use levels for each ingredient and
5、 any other applicable limitation. This report has been prepared by PPI as a service of the industry. The information in this report is offered in good faith and believed to be accurate at the time of its preparation, but is offered without any warranty, expressed or implied, including WARRANTIES OF
6、MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Any reference to or testing of a particular proprietary product should not be construed as an endorsement by PPI, which does not endorse the proprietary products or processes of any manufacturer. Industry members in fulfilling their own complianc
7、e responsibilities offer the information in this report for consideration. PPI assumes no responsibility for compliance with applicable laws and regulations. PPI intends to revise this technical report annually, in response to comments and suggestions from users of the report. Please send suggestion
8、s of improvements to PPI. This report, as well as other publications, is available for download from PPI on the website www.plasticpipe.org. The Plastics Pipe Institute www.plasticpipe.org February 2011 (revised May 2011)Page 1 Table of Contents I. Definitions Specific to TR-2 2 II. Introduction 4 I
9、II. PPI PVC Range Composition 6 Part A Pre-qualified Ingredients Exempted from Stress Rupture Testing A.1 PVC Resin 7 A.2 Calcium Stearate 8 A.3 Paraffinic Hydrocarbon Wax 9 A.4 Polyethylene Wax 10 A.5 Titanium Dioxide 11 A.6 Calcium Carbonate 12 Part B PVC Resin, Functionally Equivalent and Other I
10、ngredients not Exempted from Stress-Rupture testing B.1 PVC Resin 14 B.2 Components Not Complying to Part A 15 Part C Standard Industry Practice of High Intensity Mixing of PVC Pipe Compounds 16 IV. Listing of Pre-qualified and Functionally Equivalent Ingredients Table 1 PVC Resin 17 Table 2 Heat St
11、abilizer 18 Table 3A Calcium Stearate 20 Table 3B Calcium Stearate Functional Equivalents 20 Table 4A Paraffin Wax 21 Table 4B Paraffin Wax Functional Equivalents 21 Table 5A Polyethylene Wax 22 Table 5B Polyethylene Wax Functional Equivalents 22 Table 6A Titanium Dioxide 23 Table 6B Titanium Dioxid
12、e Functional Equivalents Liquid Dispersed 23 Table 6C Titanium Dioxide Functional Equivalents Dry Powders 25 Table 7A Calcium Carbonate 26 Table 7B Calcium Carbonate Functional Equivalents 26 Table 8 Processing Aid 27 Table 9A Colorant Dry Powders 28 Table 9B Colorant Liquid Dispersed 29 Table 10 Co
13、mbination Ingredient Packages 30 Table 11 Functionally Equivalent Ingredient Packages 33 TABLE 1 PVC RESIN 17TABLE 2 HEAT STABILIZER 18TABLE 3A CALCIUM STEARATE 19TABLE 3B CALCIUM STEARATE FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENT 19TABLE 4A PARAFFIN WAX 20TABLE 4B PARAFFIN WAX FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENT 20TABLE 5A POLYETHY
14、LENE WAX 21TABLE 5B POLYETHYLENE WAX FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENT 21TABLE 6A TITANIUM DIOXIDE 22TABLE 6B TITANIUM DIOXIDE FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENT - LIQUID DISPERSED 23TABLE 6C TITANIUM DIOXIDE FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENT - DRY POWDERS 24TABLE 7A- CALCIUM CARBONATE 24TABLE 7B- CALCIUM CARBONATE FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALEN
15、T 25TABLE 8 PROCESSING AID 26TABLE 9A COLORANT DRY POWDER 27TABLE 9B COLORANT LIQUID DISPERSED 28TABLE 10 COMBINATION INGREDIENT PACKAGE 29TABLE 11 FUNCTIONALLY EQUIVALENT INGREDIENT PACKAGE 32Page 2 Appendix A Example Letter for Requesting Dependent Listing for PPI Range Formulation 39 Appendix B P
16、MD Test Procedures and 2) the net amount of each individual ingredient that is introduced into the composition, both through the “package” and by direct addition, is in compliance with the composition requirements for that ingredient. It is the responsibility of the formulator to make sure that the
17、PPI PVC range composition is always prepared in accordance with the currently listed composition. Functional Equivalent Ingredient Package A set ratio of a pre-blended combination of ingredients containing an ingredient/ingredients that is not pre-qualified. This package will be accepted for listing
18、 upon completion of testing demonstrating that its use in PPIs PVC Range Composition continues to yield a PVC compound that complies with the minimum property requirements for cell class 12454, in accordance with ASTM D1784, and that qualifies for a 4,000 psi HDB, for water, for 73.4F, in accordance
19、 with ASTM D2837. There is no standard protocol, or policy for effecting this demonstration. Minimum data requirements are established by the HSB for each case, depending on the nature of the ingredients, and the information already available. Those seeking to qualify these kinds of combinations of
20、ingredients should make a “Special Case” request of the Chairman of the HSB. PPI PVC Range Composition A PVC composition, classified as PVC 1120, Class 12454 in accordance with applicable ASTM requirements, that carries a PPI recommended hydrostatic design basis (HDB) of 4,000 psi (27.58 MPa) for wa
21、ter for 73.4F (23C), with such basis having been established in accordance with requirements stated in PPI Technical Reports TR-2 and TR-3. This composition is maintained by the HSB of PPI and is made available for use by the general public. Page 3 Privately held PVC Composition A privately held PVC
22、 composition that carries a PPI recommended hydrostatic design basis (HDB) that has been established based on the requirements of PPI Technical Reports TR-2 and TR-3. This private composition is maintained by a specific company or organization and is not made available by PPI to the general public.
23、Standard Grade (S) - A PPI HSB recommended rating that is valid for a five-year period, given to those materials that comply with the full data requirements of TR-2 and TR-3. Experimental Grade (E) - A PPI HSB recommended rating that is valid for a limited duration, given to those materials covered
24、by data that do not yet comply with the full requirements of the Standard Grade, but satisfy the applicable minimum preliminary data requirements that are detailed in TR-2 and TR-3. The owner of an experimental listing must understand there is a potential risk in commercial sale of an experimental i
25、ngredient in case it does not meet all theTR-2 requirements. Page 4 II. Introduction It was recognized early in the evolution of the thermoplastics pipe industry that in consequence of its viscoelastic nature, the fracture strength of a thermoplastic polymer is significantly influenced for any given
26、 set of conditions of temperature and environment by duration of loading. The longer a load is sustained; the lower is the fracture strength. It was also recognized that the long-term strength of a thermoplastics composition is not only determined by the primary ingredient, the base polymer, but can
27、 also be profoundly influenced by the nature and quantity of ingredients such as property modifiers, processing aids, stabilizers, and colorants that are used to enhance performance and facilitate processing, and to give product identification. But in those early days there existed no standard metho
28、d by which reliable design stresses could be established for thermoplastic compositions intended for pressure pipe. All too often, design stresses were based on results of relatively short-term loading with safety factors that based on experience, educated guess, limited experience, or other rationa
29、le were said to adequately compensate for the reduction in long-term strength that characteristically occurs with all plastics when subjected to prolonged loading. Unfortunately, this approach was not only inconsistent from material to material, but oftentimes it was unreliable. The long-term streng
30、th of some materials was overestimated, while that of others was underestimated. To remedy this situation, the Thermoplastics Pipe Division (subsequently named the Plastics Pipe Institute) of the Society of the Plastics Industry established in November 1958 the Working Stress Subcommittee, the prede
31、cessor to the Hydrostatic Stress Board (HSB), consisting of technical persons well versed in the state-of-the-art of the evaluation and forecast of the long-term strength of plastics. Two and half years later, in April 1961, this group agreed on a uniform Tentative Method for Estimating Long-Term Hy
32、drostatic Strength and Hydrostatic Design Stress of Thermoplastic Pipe; and in July 1963, it issued its first hydrostatic design stress recommendations for compositions for which data had been submitted in accordance with this method. A frequent challenge to the HSB was the evolutionary nature of th
33、e industry, particularly in the case of PVC pipe compositions. At first, each PVC composition was a fixed and very specific composition, with the use level and identity of each ingredient spelled out. The ingredient identification would often consist of a manufacturers trade designation. In search o
34、f more effective and less costly sources of ingredients, companies holding listings for PVC compositions would often qualify alternative sources of a certain ingredient. To demonstrate qualification a company had to submit to the HSB extensive long-term data that showed the proposed change would not
35、 compromise a listed compositions long-term strength. From the knowledge learned by this work, policies were developed whereby a newly proposed ingredient, for example, a calcium carbonate can qualify for that purpose provided it is demonstrated that its physical and chemical properties comply to re
36、quirements that have been established for that class of ingredient based on results of industry wide testing. These policies provided for pre-qualification of ingredients that greatly facilitated the process of determining equivalence. Later on, during the seventies, the concept of “PVC range compos
37、itions” was introduced. As new and improved extrusion technology began to be used, it was discovered that fine-tuning the quantity of certain ingredients particularly, so called “internal” and “external” lubricants would greatly benefit production rate and product quality. To avoid the impracticalit
38、y of having to qualify each composition variation, industry expanded their fixed content recipes into range compositions, whereby the allowable content of certain ingredients was defined not by a Page 5 fixed amount but rather, by a minimum/maximum range. The acceptable ranges of ingredient content
39、had also to be established by long-term data documentation. To make it possible to use resins and other ingredients from different suppliers, extruders of PVC pipe had to qualify a number of “different” range PVC compositions each provided by a different resin supplier which in fact were often times
40、 quite the same except for source of resin, or some other key ingredient. For a manufacturer of a new ingredient, or of an alternative to an existing ingredient, having to qualify his product for inclusion in the many private PVC range compositions that then abounded was a costly and time consuming
41、process. In recognition of this situation, the HSB proposed in 1983 to establish a single, generic and public PVC range composition which then included all PVC resins and ingredients which had been qualified in privately held compositions of the same kind. To accomplish this required the cooperation
42、 of all major holders of PVC compositions, including their willingness to share with the HSB their confidential recipes. This cooperation was obtained, the compositions of the many stress-rated compositions were compared, and a single, generic, state-of-the-art composition was established which allo
43、wed a wide choice in PVC resins and in ingredients. The HSB next worked on defining the policies and procedures for qualifying new ingredients. In 1985 the PPI PVC range composition and related policies were agreed upon and are published in this report. Since that time many new alternate ingredients
44、 have been qualified for use in this composition. The policies and procedures in this Technical Report are intended to cover ingredient listings for most PVC piping applications. PPI recognizes there may be unusual cases, issues or circumstances that are not covered in TR-2, and that may justify an
45、exception to the standard policies. To allow manufacturers an opportunity to have their ingredient(s) listed by PPI when this occurs, the HSB has provided a “Special Case” system. The manufacturer may present its “Case” to the HSB at one of their two annual meetings, usually in February and August,
46、using the approved “Special Case” form in TR-3. All information provided to HSB in these special cases will be made available for review only by HSB members and PPI staff, and will be held by them in strict confidence, in accordance with PPIs written confidentiality procedures (available from the HS
47、B Chairman). There is a PPI fee for each special case. You must contact the HSB Chairman well in advance of each meeting to arrange for your special case. A completed HSB submission form must be received at least two (2) weeks prior to the HSB meeting to permit HSB consideration at that meeting. Pag
48、e 6 III. PPI PVC Range Composition The HSB has classified all ingredients in the PPI PVC range composition into four classes. Two classes cover pre-qualified ingredients (Part A) and the other two cover functional equivalents (Part B), as follows: Ingredients that are pre-qualified for use in PPIs P
49、VC Range Composition by the demonstration of the ingredients compliance to chemical and physical property requirements of the applicable HSB policy; Packages (blends) of pre-qualified ingredients; Ingredients that although not meeting applicable pre-qualification requirements for that class of ingredient they exhibit an equivalent function; Packages (blends) of qualified ingredients, one or more of which is a functional equivalent to a pre-qualif
