1、Lessons Learned Entry: 2136Lesson Info:a71 Lesson Number: 2136a71 Lesson Date: 2009-10-29a71 Submitting Organization: KSCa71 Submitted by: Damon Stamboliana71 POC Name: Damon Stamboliana71 POC Email: damon.b.stamboliannasa.gova71 POC Phone: 321-861-5973Subject: 1-G Human Factors for Optimal Processi
2、ng and Operability of Constellation Ground Systems Abstract: The early work of the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) focused on human factors engineering (i.e., applying what is known about human capabilities and limitations to the design of products, processes, systems, and work enviro
3、nments) as it related to human spaceflight, particularly crew health and performance. During the transition from the Orbital Space Plane Project (OSP) Program to the Constellation Program, the requirements for applying human factors engineering to the design of tasks related to the ground processing
4、 of space vehicles were not well-defined. Since that time, these 1-G (Earth gravity) human factors requirements have been defined at different levels of maturity depending upon whether they relate to flight hardware/software, ground support systems (GSS), or ground support equipment (GSE). Effective
5、ly, all of these areas are leveraging human factors engineering to optimize ground processing of flight hardware. This document includes lessons learned for incorporating human factors design considerations in the following areas: within the outer mold line of the flight hardware, at the ground syst
6、ems-to-flight systems interface, and in the design of GSS and GSE leading up to the flight systems interface. The major focus is on current requirements and processes for applying human factors considerations in the design of GSS and GSE, taking into account that this involves a large program that d
7、oes not list human factors engineering as a separate item in the work breakdown structure (WBS). The attached paper illustrates the importance of human factors engineering in the design of ground processing and launch operations for launch vehicles.Description of Driving Event: Provided by IHSNot fo
8、r ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-The early work of the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) focused on human factors engineering (i.e., applying what is known about human capabilities and limitations to the design of products, processes, systems,
9、 and work environments) as it related to human spaceflight, particularly crew health and performance. During the transition from the Orbital Space Plane Project (OSP) Program to the Constellation Program, the requirements for applying human factors engineering to the design of tasks related to the g
10、round processing of space vehicles were not well-defined.Lesson(s) Learned: 1. Use available experiences and lessons from prior programs to optimize ground processing operability by leveraging human capabilities, not exceeding them. 2. Employ people qualified in human factors engineering on the team
11、 from the beginning of the project. 3. Make human factors a proactive part of the design process with well-defined requirements that add value to the design. 4. Voice the need for human factors accommodations where appropriate. Even if these comments are not accepted, the effort is worthwhile becaus
12、e it helps to develop a better awareness of the importance of human factors.5. In document reviews, look at previous successful human factors program documentation such as Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) lessons learned publications, and make comments to promote consideration of human factors.
13、6. Try to incorporate human factors into the design proactively, reactively, and everywhere. When resources are limited (which is often the case when using human factors engineering in a particular engineering culture for the first time), apply them to the areas that will produce the best results. A
14、lso, build on past successes and combine the work done on multiple successful projects.7. Creating human factors requirements at a higher level is important in gaining acceptance of human factors requirements at lower levels.8. Future NASA programs should consider incorporating all Level 2 (L2) huma
15、n factors requirements into one document such as CxP 70024, Constellation Program: Human-Systems Integration Requirements (HSIR), i.e., include the ground processing human factors requirements for ground hardware with the ground processing human factors requirements for flight hardware.9. Recommend
16、that pilot testing of new processes be done as soon as possible, but make sure that the pilot test will produce added value. 10. When processes already exist, try to modify them to incorporate the human factors design considerations. 11. Exercise patience and be ready to compromise in gaining accept
17、ance of new requirements.12. From the beginning, make sure existing documentation is understood. Work early to improve the existing documentation or obtain a buy-in from all parties that the human factors requirements document can supersede existing documentation. 13. Because MIL-STD-1472 was used a
18、s a human factors standard in the past, it is hard to adopt a requirements document with less content, even though complying with the more than 1,700 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-requirements in MIL-STD-1472 would have been very di
19、fficult.14. Human factors engineers should perform the human factors assessment as embedded members of the design team.15. Do not disregard work that is not accepted when first proposed. To add value for the stakeholders, the work may need to be adjusted or used at a later time. Recommendation(s): 1
20、. Leverage the use of human factors to improve the design for the human aspect of nominal operability, including assembly, maintenance, inspection, and the integrated and stand-alone testing required for initial flight tests.2. Develop and refine the Human Factors Engineering Analysis (HFEA) Tool an
21、d processes as an efficient and effective means to develop design packages for 30%, 60%, and 90% design reviews, and as a tool for final design reviews. 3. Formally document the human factors assessment process and tool in the L3, L4, and L5 System Engineering Management Plans (SEMPs).4. Once the re
22、quirements used in the HFEA Tool mature, do the following: - Incorporate a complete set of the high-level (parent) ground systems human factors requirements into NASA STD-5005 and KSC-DE-512-SM. - Incorporate these requirements into revisions of the L3 document, CxP 72006, Ground Systems: System Req
23、uirements Document (GS-SRD). - Revise CxP 72210, Ground Systems: Human Factors Requirements Document (GS-HFRD) to develop a stand-alone human factors requirements and assessment process document. - Work to have these ground human factors requirements written into CxP 70024, HSIR, or future L2 NASA h
24、uman factors documents. 5. Once the revised NASA-STD-5005C is accepted by the Constellation Program (CxP), incorporate the FAAs Human Factors Design Standard into the HFEA Tool. 6. Apply human factors principles and analysis during the design of ground processing activities to prepare flight hardwar
25、e for CxP test flights. 7. Prove the usefulness of human factors engineering so that it will be commonly accepted as part of the work breakdown structure of projects at KSC. 8. As future work for the HFEA Tool, identify associated HF standards and lessons learned from previous NASA programs and indu
26、stry as well as identify solutions and analysis methods proven from use of the HFEA Tool, design of subsystems, and from other sources. Incorporate this information into the HFEA Tool so the human factors engineer may better select requirements and methods when designing ground processing systems.9.
27、 Employ the human factors systems engineering processes and lessons learned from development of Ares I ground systems to the development of ground systems for Ares V.Evidence of Recurrence Control Effectiveness: N/AProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license
28、from IHS-,-,-Documents Related to Lesson: CxP 70026, Constellation Program: Human systems Integration Requirements (HSIR) CxP 72006, Ground Systems: Systems Requirements document (GS-SRD) CxP 72210, Ground Systems: Human Factors Requirements Document (GS-HFRD) HF-STD-001, Human Factors Design Standa
29、rd (HFDS) KSC-DE-512-SM, Facility System and Equipment General Design Requirements Click here to download document. Mission Directorate(s): a71 Exploration SystemsAdditional Key Phrase(s): a71 Mission Operations and Ground Support Systems.a71 Integration and Testinga71 Manufacturing and Assemblya71
30、Engineering Design (Phase C/D).Launch Systemsa71 Engineering Design (Phase C/D).a71 Systems Engineering and Analysis.Human factors planninga71 Systems Engineering and Analysis.a71 Missions and Systems Requirements Definition.Human factors impact on mission designa71 Missions and Systems Requirements
31、 Definition.a71 Mission Operations and Ground Support Systems.Ground support systemsa71 Safety and Mission Assurance.Impact of human factors on systems requirements and designsa71 Safety and Mission Assurance.Additional Info: a71 Project: CxP GOPApproval Info: a71 Approval Date: 2010-01-06a71 Approval Name: mbella71 Approval Organization: HQProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-
