1、Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EAE -Aerospace An SA International Group AEROSPACE “N AR21 168/10 INFORMATION REPORT Issued 1992-04 Reaffirmed 2006-03 THERMOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS O
2、F WORKING FLUIDS AND HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS PREFACE This document is one of 14 Aerospace Information Reports (AIR) of the Third Edition of the SAE Aerospace Applied Thermodynamics Manual. The manual provides a reference source for thermodynamics, aerodynamics, fluid dynamics, heat transfer, and proper
3、ties of materiais for the aerospace industry. Procedures and equations commonly used for aerospace applications of these technologies are included. In the Third Edition, no attempt was made to update material from the Second Edition nor were SI units added. However, all identified errata were correc
4、ted and incorporated and original figure numbering was retained, insofar as possible. The SAE AC-9B Subcommittee originally created the SAE Aerospace Applied Thermodynamics Manual and, for the Third Edition, used a new format consisting of AIR1168/1 through AIR1 168/10. AIRl 168/11 through AIRl 168/
5、14 were created by the SAE SC-9 Committee. The AIRS comprising the Third Edition are shown below. Applicable sections of the Second Edition are shown parenthetically in the third column. AIR 1 168/1 Thermodynamics of Incompressible and Compressible Huid Flow (1A,W AIR 1 16812 Heat and Mass Transfer
6、and Air-Water Mixtures (lC,lD, 1E) AIR1 168B Aeroihermodynamic Systems Engineering and Design (3A,3B,3C,3D) AIR 1 1 68/4 Ice, Rain, Fog, and Frost Protection (3F) SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering scienc
7、es The use of this report IS entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, IS the sole responsibility of the user SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed re
8、vised or cancelled SAE invites your written comments and suggestions Copyright O 2006 SAE International All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic mechanical photocopying recording, or otherw
9、ise without the prior written permission of SAE TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: Tel: 724-7764970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: custsvcsae.org 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) CAE WEB ADDRESS: http:llwww.sae.org Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for Re
10、saleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-* AIR1168/10 I Page ii AIR1 16815 Aerothermodynamic Test Instmmentation AIR AIR AIR and Measurement (3G) Equipment Cooling System Design, and Temperature Control System Design (3H,3J,3K) 168/6 Characteristics of Equipment Compo
11、nents, 168f7 Aerospace Pressurization System Design (3E) Due to Air Conditioning (31) 16818 Aircraft Fuel Weight Penalty AIRl 168D Thermophysical Properties of the Natural Environment, Gases, Liquids, and Solids AIRl 168/10 Thermophysical characteristics of Working Fluids and Heat Transfer Fluids AI
12、R 1 168/11 Spacecraft Boost and Entry Heat Transfer (4A,4B) AIR1 168/12 Spacecraft Thermal Balance (4C) AIR1168/13 Spacecraft Equipment Environmental Control AIR1 168/14 Spacecraft Life Support Systems (4E) F.R. Weiner, formerly of Rockweli International and past chairman of the SAE AC-9B Subcom- mi
13、ttee, is commended for his dedication and effort in preparing the errata lists that were used in creating the Third Edition. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Scope
14、1.2 Nomenclature 1.3 Common Abbreviations 2. SECTION 2E- THERMODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WORKING FLUIDS 3. 4. REFERENCES 5. INDEX 5.1 5.2 SECTION 2F - PROPERTIES OF HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS Section 2E - “hemodynamic Characteristics of Working Fluids Section 2F - Properties Of Heat Transfer Fluids Copyr
15、ight SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-S AIR1 168/10 I Page iv List of Figures Figure 2E-1 - Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Air (Key to Charts); From NACA TN-4265 Figure 2E-2 - Chart 1 - Thermodyn
16、amic Chart For Air Figure 2E-3 - Chart 2 - Thermodynamic Chart For Air Figure 2E-4 - Chart 3 - Thermodynamic Chart For Air Figure 2E-5 - Chart 4 - Thermodynamic Chart For Air Figure 2E-6 - Chart 5 - Thermodynamic Chart For Air Figure 2E-7 - Chart 6 - Thermodynamic Chart For Air Figure 2E-8 - Chart 7
17、 - Thermodynamic Chart For Air Figure 2E-9 - Chart 8 - Thermodynamic Chart For Air Figure 2E-10 - Chart 9 - Thermodynamic Chart For Air Figure 2E-11 - Chart 10 - Thermodynamic Chart For Air Figure 2E-12 - Chart 11 - Thermodynamic Chart For Air Figure 2E-13 - Chart 12 - Thermodynamic Chart For Air Fi
18、gure 2E-14 - Chart 13 - Thermodynamic Chart For Air Figure 2E-15 - Chart 14 - Thermodynamic Chart For Air Figure 2E-16 - Pressure-enthalpy Diagram, Freon 11 Figure 2E-17 - Pressure-enthalpy Diagram, Freon 12 Figure 2E-18 - Pressure-enthalpy Diagram, Freon 13 Figure 2E-19 - Pressure-enthalpy Diagram,
19、 Freon 14 Figure 2E-20 - Pressure-enthalpy Diagram, Freon 21 Figure 2E-21 - Pressure-enthalpy Diagram, Freon 22 Figure 2E-22 - Pressure-enthalpy Diagram, Freon 113 Figure 23-23 - Pressure-enthalpy Diagram, Freon 114 Figure 23-24 - Estimated Thermodynamic Properties of 1 -2-Dichlorohexafluorocyclopen
20、tene- 1 ; Estimated P, = 480 psia, Estimated tcr = 512OF Figure 23-25 - Estimated Thermodynamic Properties of Dowthenn E (Dichlorobenzene) Figure 2F-1 - Coolanol25 Property cp (Ref. 1) Figure 2F-2 - Coolano125 Property pg (Ref. 1) Figure 2F-3 - Coolanol25 Property p (Ref. 11) Figure 2F-4 - Coolano12
21、5 Property (Np,)2 (Ref. 1) Figure 2F-5 - Coolano135 Property cp (Ref. 1) Figure 2F-6 - Coolano135 Property pg (Ref.1) Figure 2F-7 - Coolanol35 Property p (Ref. 11) Figure 2F-8 - Coolanol35 Property (Np,)2 (Ref. 1) Figure 2F-9 - Coolano145 Property cp (Ref. 1) Figure 2F-10 - Coolanol45 Property pg (R
22、ef.1) Figure 2F-11 - Coolanol45 Property p (Ref. 1 1) Figure 2F-12 - Coolanol45 Property k (Ref. 1) Figure 2F-13 - Coolanol45 Property (Npr)2B (Ref.1) Figure 2F-14 - MCS-198 Property cp (Ref.2) Figure 2F-15 - MCS-198 Property pg (Re.2) Figure 2F-16 - MCS-198 Property p (Ref.2) Figure 2F-17 - MCS-198
23、 Property k (Ref.2) Figure 2F-18 - MCS-198 Property (Np,)m (Ref.2) Figure 2F-19 - Aqueous Ethylene Glycol Property cp; % by weight (Ref.3) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 41 42 43 43 44 45 Copyright SAE International Provided
24、 by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Page v I Elr AIR1168/10 Figure 2F-20 - Aqueous Ethylene Glycol Property (pg), /(pg)600F; % by weight (Ref.3) Figure 2F-21 - Aqueous Ethylene Glycol Property p; % by weight (Ref.3) Figure
25、2F-22 - Aqueous Ethylene Glycol Property k; % by weight (Ref.3) Figure 2F-23 - Aqueous Ethylene Glycol, Vapor Pressure; % by weight (Ref.3) Figure 2F-24 - FC-75 Property cp (Ref.4) Figure 2F-25 - FC-75 Property pg (Ref.4) Figure 2F-26 - FC-75 Property p (Ref.4) Figure 2F-27 - FC - 75 Property k (Ref
26、.4) Figure 23-28 - FC-75 Vapor Pressure (Ref.4) Figure 2F-29 - FC-43, Properties p, pg, cp, k, Npr, Vapor Pressure (Ref.5) Figure 2F-30 - DC-200-20 Properties (Ref.6) Figure 2F-31 - DC-331 Property cp (Ref.7) Figure 2F-32 - DC-331 Property pg (Ref.7) Figure 23-33 - DC-331 Property v (Ref.7). Note: T
27、his is not a true log scale, but is a special viscosity scale per ASTM Standard D341. Figure 2F-34 - DC-33 1 Property k (Ref.7) Figure 23-35 - Fluid XF-1-0184 Property cp (Ref.8) Figure 2F-36 - Fluid XF-1-0184 Property pg (Ref.8) Figure 2F-37 - Fluid XF-1-0184 Vapor Pressure (Ref.8) Figure 2F-38 - F
28、luid XF-1-0184 Property k (Ref.8) Figure 2F-39 - Fluid XF-1-0184 Property p (Ref.8) Figure 2F-40 - Oronite 70 Property pg (Ref.9) Figure 2F-41 - Oronite 70 Property v (Ref.9) Figure 2F-42 - Oronite 70 Property k, pg, cp (Ref.9) Figure 2F-43 - Oronite 8200 Properties (Ref. 10) Figure 2F-44 - Oronite
29、8515 Properties (Ref.lO) 46 47 48 49 50 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 56 57 58 59 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Page vi H AIR1168/10 i This Page Intentionally Blan
30、k Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-w! AIR1168/10 1. INTRODUCTION Page 1 1.1 Scope This AIR is arranged in the following two sections: 2E - Thermodynamic Characteristics of Working Flui
31、ds, which contains thermodynamic diagrams for a number of working fluids currently in use and supplied by various industrial firms. 2F - Properties of Heat Transfer Fluids, which contains data, primarily in graphical form, on fluids that are frequently used in fluid heat transfer loops. Other proper
32、ties of the environment, gases, liquids, and solids, can be found, as follows, in AIR1168D: 2A-Properties of the Natural Environment 2B-Properties of Gases 2C-Properties of Liquids 2D-Properties of Solids 1.2 Nomenclature cp = Specific heat capacity, constant pressure, Btu/ib-OF c, = Specific heat c
33、apacity, constant volurne,Btu/Ib-OF H = Enthalpy, Btu/ib k = Thermal conductivity, Btu/hr-ft-OF,cal/cm-sec-OC Npr = Prandtl number(pcJk), dimensionless P = Pressure, atm,psia, lb/ft2 R = Universal gas constant, ft-lb/ib-OR S = Entropy, Btu/OF s = Specific entropy, Btu/ib - OR (or OF) c = Temperature
34、, OF T = Temperature,OR,K V = Specific volume, ft3/ib Z = Compressibility factor(Z=PV/RT), dimensionless p g = Specific weight (density), lb/ft3, gm/cm3, lb/gal p = Absolute viscosity, lb/hr-ft, lb/sec-ft, centipoise v = Kinematic viscosity, centistokes Subscript cr =Critical Copyright SAE Internati
35、onal Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Page 2 SK AIR1168/10 I 1.3 Common Abbreviations abs - Absolute ASME atm(ATM) - Atmosphere Btu(BTU) - British Thermal Units OC - Degrees Centigrade Cal - Calorie cm - Centimet
36、er const - Constant cu(CU.) - Cubic OF - Degrees Fahrenheit FAHR. - Degrees Fahrenheit Fig.(Figs.) - Figure(s) ftw) -Feet ft-lb - Foot-pound GAL - Gaiion gm - Gram hr - Hour in. - Inch K - Kelvins (Formerly Degrees Kelvin) Ib(LB) - Pounds lb/in.2 - Pounds per square inch mm/Hg - Millimeters of Mercu
37、ry psi - Pounds per square inch psia(PS1A) - Pounds per square inch absolute PRESS. - Pressure OR - Degrees Rankine Ref.(Refs.)- Reference(s) Rev. - Revised sat(SAT) - Saturated sec - Seconds Trans. - Transactions Vol(V0L) - Volume wt - Weight % - Percent - American Society of Mechanical Engineers P
38、.(PP.) - Page(s) Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Page 3 I -= AIR1168/10 I 2. SECTION 2E- THERMODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WORKING FLUIDS 10 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 i Absolute hessure
39、 P. atm Figure 2E-1- Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Air (Key to Charts); From NACA TN-4265 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Page 4 Absolute Pressure P, atm Figure 2E-2 - Chart 1 - Therm
40、odynamic Chart For Air ai? AIR1 168/10 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-%= AIR1168/10 10-2 2 4 6 8 10-1 2 4 6 8 100 2 4 6 8 10 (1) Page 5 Absolute Pressure P, atm Figure 2E-3 - Chart 2
41、 - Thermodynamic Chart For Air Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-I Page 6 I &= AIR1168/10 3 a m 2 x a 4 2 w Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for Res
42、aleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-a AIR1168/10 Absolute Pressure P, atm Figure 2E-5 - Chart 4 - Thermodynamic Chart For Air Page 7 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without lic
43、ense from IHS-,-,-Page 8 SI AIR1168/10 I Absolute Pressure P, atm Figure 2E6 - Chart 5 - “hemodynamic Chart For Air Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Absolute Pressure P, atm Figure 2E-
44、7 - Chart 6 - Thermodynamic Chart For Air C Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-S AIR1168/10 Page 10 Absolute Pressure P, atm Figure 2E-8 - Chart 7 - Thermodynamic Chart For Air Copyright
45、 SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-I I ?c AIR1 168/10 Page 11 Absolute Pressure P, atm Figure 2E-9 - Chart 8 - Thennodynamic Chart For Air Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under licens
46、e with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-I 4 6 10-4 2 4 6 2 4 6 10 -2 Absolute Pressure P, atm Figure 2E-10 - Chart 9 - Thermodynamic Chart For Air Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or n
47、etworking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-I I “,r AIR1168/10 Page 13 Absolute Pressure P, atm Figure 2E-11- Chart 10 - Thermodynamic Chart For Air Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Page 14 10-2 2 4 6 8 10-1 2 4 6 8 io0 2 I 6 8 lo1 (1) S AIR1 168/10 I Absolute Pressure P, atm Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SE AIR1 168/10 Abs
