1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2008 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication ma
3、y be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
4、Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgAIR5713 AEROSPACEINFORMATIONREPORTIssued 2008-07 In-Service Reliability Data of Continuously Active Ballscrew and Geared Flight Control Actuation Systems RATIONALEThe lack of in-service relevant data on unacceptable we
5、ar/backlash and jam failure rates of ballscrew and geared flight control actuation systems has been identified as one factor preventing electromechanical actuators from being more thoroughly considered as a primary control surface actuator. This document is written to satisfy this in-service reliabi
6、lity data need. FOREWORDThe information in this document is compiled from various sources as answers to a survey performed in 2001-2004. It is assumed that these answers reflected the best knowledge of their authors at the time and were expressed in good faith. It is to be highlighted that this info
7、rmative material has not been submitted to any validation process other than the regular SAE document approval process. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 21.1 Purpose. 21.2 Field of Application 22. REFERENCES 23. SURVEY . 23.1 Questionnaire 23.2 Answers 34. SURVEY RESULTS 35. NOTES 4APPENDIX A QUESTIONNAIR
8、E 5TABLE 1 SURVEY RESULTS 4SAE AIR5713 - 2 -1. SCOPE An industry survey has been completed to determine the incidence of jam and excessive backlash in rotary and linear mechanical actuators subject to “primary flight control like” duty cycles. The data is valuable for understanding how existing mech
9、anical actuators behave in service, identifying areas for potential improvement and possibly being used as a reference to support future primary flight control system trade-off studies.1.1 Purpose The purpose of this information report is to compile the results of the survey so the data can be made
10、available to the industry as an aid for those specifying, designing, and certifying EM actuators, as well as those developing reliability and safety analyses and reports for these actuators 1.2 Field of Application This report is written with commercial aircraft flight control system application in
11、mind but the data presented is equally applicable to other aircraft systems or other aircraft categories.2. REFERENCES There are no referenced publications specified herein. 3. SURVEY 3.1 Questionnaire The questionnaire shown in Appendix 1 has been defined as the first step of this data collection p
12、rocess. It was intended to identify: the type of equipment, some of the applicable requirements, to assess how much the actuator corresponds to the targeted category or to be able to later define sub-categories (ex: size, linear / rotary) if it was found necessary, the test experience, the relevant
13、in-service reliability data. SAE AIR5713 - 3 -3.2 Answers Complete or partially competed questionnaires have been received from 10 companies, air framers and equipment manufacturers, their data covering 22 applications. From these applications 15 have been found relevant, as control surface actuator
14、s used with “primary flight control like” duty cycles: 11 Horizontal Stabilizer actuators (8 commercial transports, 2 business jets, 1 military transport) 2 Stabilator actuation systems (1 fighter, 1 military helicopter) 1 Rudder actuator (business jet) 1 Leading edge flap actuator (various fighters
15、) 7 Applications were rejected for being too far from the selection criteria 5 Low power, non-surface actuation 1 Trailing edge flap actuator 1 Helicopter rotor folding actuator 4. SURVEY RESULTS The following table sums-up the collected data: SAE AIR5713 - 4 -TABLE 1 - SURVEY RESULTS Aircraft Type
16、Application OutputTypeAccumulated 106 Flight Hours Reported Jams ReportedExcessive Wear Commercialtransport 1 Horizontal Stab Trim Actuator Ball screw 14 0 0 Commercialtransport 2 Horizontal Stab Trim Actuator Ball screw 21 0 0 Commercialtransport 3 Horizontal Stab Trim Actuator Ball screw 6 0 0 Com
17、mercialtransport 4 Horizontal Stab Trim Actuator Ball screw 78.1 0 0 Commercialtransport 5 Horizontal Stab Trim Actuator Ball screw 22.9 0 0 Commercialtransport 6 Horizontal Stab Trim Actuator Ball screw 32.6 0 0 Commercialtransport 7 Horizontal Stab Trim Actuator Ball screw 35.4 5 0 Commercialtrans
18、port 8 Horizontal Stab Trim Actuator Ball screw 7.5 0 0 Business jet 1 Horizontal Stab Trim Actuator ACME 3.6 0 0 Business jet 2 Horizontal Stab Trim Actuator Ball screw 0.3 0 0 MilitarytransportHorizontal Stab Trim Actuator Ball screw 0.4 1 MilitaryHelicopterStabilatorActuatorACME 2 some FighterSta
19、bilatorActuatorBall screw 0.15 0 0 Business jet Rudder Actuator Ball screw 0.34 2 FighterLeading edge flap ActuatorRotary 7 some It may be misleading at this stage to consider this partial data as fully representative of the aerospace mechanical actuator population and draw definitive conclusions fr
20、om it. However it can be observed that the ball screw Horizontal Stabilizer Trim Actuator population that has accumulated the highest in-service experience appears as the most reliable category with a jamming failure rate of approximately 3 x 10-8per flying hour. 5. NOTES 5.1 A change bar (l) locate
21、d in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisi
22、ons. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only. PREPARED BY SAE SUBCOMMITTEE A-6B3, MECHANICAL ACTUATION PANEL OF COMMITTEE A-6, AEROSPACE ACTUATION, CONTROL AND FLUID POWER SYSTEMS SAE AIR5713 - 5 -APPENDIX A - QUESTIONNAIREShort
23、 description of the equipment (Aircraft type, Function in the system, linear / rotary, force / torque limiter, no-back device, anti-backlash device, jam / wear indicator or monitoring function, use of corrosion resistant materials, ) _ _ Performance requirementsLinear / rotary stroke: _ Max rate:_ M
24、ax operating output force / torque:_ Performance point(s): rate x force / torque: _ Bandwidth (45 phase lag frequency, or other criteria to be indicated: _ Weight: _ Strength requirements Limit load / torque: _ Life requirements Fatigue (flight hours / flight cycles): _ Wear (flight hours / flight c
25、ycles): _ Duty cycle characterization (Total actuator travel and number of reversals in one flight, superimposed dither, other specificity): _ Reliability requirements Jamming criticality and failure rate requirement: _ Excessive output freeplay criticality and failure rate requirement: _ Environmen
26、t requirements Pressurized / unpressurized area: _ Operating temperature range: _ Maintainability requirements TBO: _ On Condition, periodical checks if any:_ Lubricant & servicing interval:_ Test experienceFatigue and endurance qualification testing, how much, scatter factors: _ Combined endurance
27、and environmental tests: _ In-service experience Year of entry into service:_ Present in-service population: _ Flight Cycles / Flight Hours presently accumulated:_ Experienced MTBF: _ Most frequent failure mode: _ Experienced jam failure rate: _ Experienced excessive output backlash failure rate: _ Comments / other relevant information / materials and coatings etc._ _
