1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2010 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside U
4、SA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS2424F AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS2424 REV. F Issued 1962-06 Revised 2010-04 Super
5、seding AMS2424E Plating, Nickel Low-Stressed Deposit RATIONALE AMS2424F results from a Five Year Review and update of this specification. NOTICE ORDERING INFORMATION: The following information shall be provided to the plating processor by the purchaser. 1) Purchase order shall specify not less than
6、the following: AMS2424F Plating thickness desired. See 3.4.1. Basis metal to be plated Tensile strength or hardness of the basis metal Pre-plate stress relief to be performed by plating processor (time and temperature) if different from 3.1.1 Special features, geometry or processing present on parts
7、 that requires special attention by the plating processor Hydrogen embrittlement relief to be performed by plating processor if different from 3.3.1 Minimum thickness on internal surfaces, if required. See 3.4.1.2. Optional: Any special requirements such as those in 3.4.1.2.2 and 3.4.5. Optional: Pe
8、riodic testing frequency (4.2.2) and sample quantity (4.3.2) if different from herein. Quantity of pieces to be plated 2) Parts manufacturing operations such as heat treating, forming, joining and media finishing can affect the condition of the substrate for plating, or if performed after plating, c
9、ould adversely affect the plated part. The sequencing of these types of operations should be specified by the cognizant engineering organization or purchaser and is not controlled by this specification. SAE AMS2424F Page 2 of 9 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose This specification covers the requirements for elec
10、trodeposited low-stressed nickel. 1.2 Application This process has been used typically to provide moderate corrosion and oxidation resistance to parts that may operate in service at moderately elevated temperatures, where low tensile stress in the deposit is required to avoid marked reduction of fat
11、igue strength, but usage is not limited to such applications. 1.3 Safety - Hazardous Materials While the materials, methods, applications, and processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does not address the hazards that may
12、be involved in such use. It is the sole responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous materials and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following
13、documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding docu
14、ment has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS2759/9 Hydrogen Embrittle
15、ment Relief (Baking) of Steel Parts AS2390 Chemical Process Test Specimen Material 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM B 117 Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus ASTM B
16、253 Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for Electroplating ASTM B 487 Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of a Cross Section ASTM B 499 Measurement of Coating Thicknesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on Magnetic Basis Metals ASTM B 504 Measurement
17、 of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by the Coulometric Method ASTM B 530 Measurement of Coating Thicknesses by the Magnetic Method: Electrodeposited Nickel Coatings on Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Substrates ASTM B 567 Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness by the Beta Backscatter Method ASTM B 568
18、Measurement of Coating Thickness by X-Ray Spectrometry ASTM B 571 Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic Coatings ASTM B 636 Measurement of Internal Stress of Plated Metallic Coatings with the Spiral Contractometer ASTM E 376 Measurement Coating Thickness by Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electro
19、magnetic) Examination Methods SAE AMS2424F Page 3 of 9 ASTM E 384 Microhardness of Materials ASTM F 519 Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation of Plating/Coating Processes and Service Environments 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Preparation 3.1.1 Stress Relief Treatment All steel parts having a
20、hardness of 40 HRC and above and which are machined, ground, cold formed or cold straightened shall be cleaned to remove surface contamination and thermally stress relieved before plating for the relief of residual tensile stresses. Residual tensile stresses have been found to be damaging during ele
21、ctrofinishing. 3.1.1.1 For parts having a hardness of 55 HRC and above, including carburized and induction hardened parts, stress relief at 275 F 25 (135 C 14) for a minimum of 5 hours. See 8.7. 3.1.1.2 For parts having a hardness less than 55 HRC, stress relief at 375 F 25 (191 C 14) for a minimum
22、of 4 hours. Higher temperatures shall be used only when specified or approved by the cognizant engineering organization. 3.1.1.3 For peened parts If stress relief temperatures above 375 F (191 C) are elected, the stress relief shall be performed prior to peening or the cognizant engineering organiza
23、tion shall be consulted and shall approve the stress relief temperature. 3.1.2 The plating shall be applied over a surface free from water breaks. The cleaning procedure shall not produce pitting or intergranular attack of the basis metal and shall preserve dimensional requirements. 3.1.3 Except for
24、 barrel plating, electrical contact points shall be as follows. For parts that are to be plated all over, locations shall be acceptable to purchaser, for parts that are not to be plated all over, locations shall be in areas on which plating is not required. 3.1.4 Aluminum alloys shall be zincate tre
25、ated in accordance with ASTM B 253 or other method acceptable to the cognizant engineering organization prior to plating. 3.2 Procedure 3.2.1 Parts shall be plated by electrodeposition of nickel from a sulfamate solution or other suitable plating solution containing no addition agents, including str
26、ess-reducing agents, which might have a detrimental effect on properties of the plate or of the basis metal. The addition of organic wetting agents for the purpose of lower surface tension and to avoid gas-pitting is permitted. Except as permitted by 3.2.1.1, nickel shall be deposited directly on th
27、e basis metal without a prior flash coating of metal other than nickel. 3.2.1.1 On magnesium, beryllium, and their alloys, and corrosion-resistant steels or similarly passive materials, a preliminary chemical coating, immersion plate, or metal flash acceptable to the cognizant engineering organizati
28、on is permissible. 3.2.2 Spotting in is not permitted. 3.3 Post Treatment 3.3.1 Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief Hydrogen embrittlement relief baking applies only to steel alloys unless otherwise specified by the cognizant engineering organization. At the option of the processor, hydrogen embrittlement
29、 relief baking may be performed on other families of alloys. If performed on other alloy families, all hydrogen embrittlement relief baking operations shall be documented. Hydrogen embrittlement relief baking of steel alloys shall be in accordance with AMS2759/9. SAE AMS2424F Page 4 of 9 3.4 Propert
30、ies The deposited nickel shall conform to the following requirements except that the requirements of 3.4.3, 3.4.6, and 3.4.7 shall not apply to parts plated in preparation for brazing: 3.4.1 Thickness shall be as specified on the drawing determined in accordance with any of the following methods as
31、applicable: ASTM B 487, ASTM B 499, ASTM B 504, ASTM B 530, ASTM B 567, ASTM B 568, ASTM E 376, or other method acceptable to purchaser. 3.4.1.1 Where “Nickel Flash” is specified, plate thickness shall be approximately 0.0001 inch (2.5 m). 3.4.1.2 For selective plating, specific areas to be plated s
32、hall be as specified on the drawing. Otherwise, all surfaces of the part, except those that cannot be touched by a sphere 0.75 inch (19 mm) in diameter, shall be plated to the specified thickness. Unless otherwise specified, surfaces such as holes, recesses, threads and other areas where a controlle
33、d deposit cannot be obtained under normal plating conditions, may be under the specified limit provided they show visual plating coverage. See 8.8. 3.4.1.2.1 If internal surfaces are required to be plated to meet a thickness requirement, the drawing shall so specify. 3.4.2 Hardness shall be not high
34、er than 300 HV100, or equivalent, determined in accordance with ASTM E 384. For parts with deposits less than 0.005 inch (0.013 mm) in thickness, separate specimens may be utilized with nickel plating sufficiently thick to allow valid microhardness tests to be performed. 3.4.3 Residual stress shall
35、be within the range 5 ksi (34.5 MPa) in compression to 15 ksi (103 MPa) in tension, determined on specimens having plate thickness of 0.0003 inch (7.6 m) or greater, determined in accordance with ASTM B 636 or other instrument or method acceptable to purchaser. 3.4.4 Adhesion shall conform to one of
36、 the following. 3.4.4.1 Adhesion shall meet the requirements of ASTM B 571 Bend Test method with the sample bent repeatedly back and forth through an angle of 180 until failure of the basis metal occurs. Examine the region at low magnification for separation, for example, 10X, for separation or peel
37、ing of the coating. Formation of cracks that do not result in flaking or blistering of the plate is acceptable. 3.4.4.2 Adhesion of plating after finish machining of the plating will be considered acceptable evidence of plating adhesion. 3.4.4.3 There shall be no blisters or other evidence of poor a
38、dhesion when parts are subjected to the heat-quench test of ASTM B 571. 3.4.5 Heat Resistance Nickel plating shall not blister or crack after exposure to 1000 F 15 (538 C 8) for not less than 2 hours in a circulating-air furnace. Conformance shall be determined on a test panel or representative test
39、 specimen. See 4.3.3.1. This requirement does not apply to aluminum and magnesium parts. 3.4.6 Corrosion Resistance Plated carbon or low-alloy steel parts, except parts plated to aid in brazing or plated for dimensional restoration, shall show no visual evidence of corrosion of significant surfaces
40、after being subjected for 48 hours 1 to continuous salt spray corrosion test conducted in accordance with ASTM B 117. See 4.3.3. 3.4.6.1 When specified minimum plate thickness is 0.002 inch (0.05 mm) or greater, parts or panels shall be corrosion tested after embrittlement relief as in 3.3 or after
41、the heat resistance test of 3.4.5 following embrittlement relief as in 3.3. SAE AMS2424F Page 5 of 9 3.4.6.2 When the specified minimum plate thickness is 0.0005 inch (12.7 m) or greater but less than 0.002 inch (0.05 mm), parts or panels shall be corrosion tested after the heat resistance test of 3
42、.4.5 following embrittlement relief as in 3.3. 3.4.6.3 The specified minimum plate thickness above refers to the previous quarters production. One test in accordance with 3.4.6.1 is required when any part has been plated to 0.002 inch (51 m) or greater in the quarter. One test in accordance with 3.4
43、.6.2 is required when any part has been plated to 0.0005 inch (13 m) or greater in the quarter. See 4.3.3.1. 3.4.7 Hydrogen Embrittlement The plating process after baking shall not cause embrittlement in steel parts 36 HRC and over determined in accordance with 4.3.3.3. 3.5 Quality Plating, as recei
44、ved by the purchaser, shall be smooth, continuous, free of delamination within the plating, uniform in appearance, and free of imperfections detrimental to usage of plating. Plating shall be visually free from frosty areas, pinholes, porosity, blisters, nodules, and pits. Slight discoloration or sta
45、ining is permissible. 3.5.1 For surfaces that will not be machined after plating, the plate shall be substantially uniform in thickness on significant surfaces except that slight build-up at exterior corners or edges is permissible provided finished drawing dimensions are met. 4. QUALITY ASSURANCE P
46、ROVISIONS 4.1 Responsibility for Inspection The processor shall supply all samples for processor tests and shall be responsible for the performance of all required tests. When parts are to be tested, the parts shall be supplied by purchaser. The cognizant engineering organization reserves the right
47、to sample and to perform any testing deemed necessary to ensure that processing conforms to specified requirements. 4.2 Classification of Tests 4.2.1 Acceptance Tests Thickness (3.4.1), adhesion (3.4.4.3), and quality (3.5) are acceptance tests and shall be performed on parts, or samples representin
48、g parts when permitted, from each lot. See 4.3.3.1. 4.2.2 Periodic Tests Hardness (3.4.2), stress (3.4.3), adhesion (3.4.4.1), heat resistance (3.4.5), and corrosion resistance (3.4.6) are periodic tests and shall be performed at least quarterly unless frequency of testing is specified by the cogniz
49、ant engineering organization. Tests of cleaning and plating solutions are periodic tests and shall be performed at a frequency established by the processor unless frequency of testing is specified by the cognizant engineering organization. See 4.4.3 and 8.5. Hydrogen embrittlement (3.4.7) is a periodic test and shall be performed in accordance with 4.3.3.3 at least once in each month that s
