1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2017 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/AMS2436D AEROSPACEMATERIAL SPECIFICATIONAMS2436 REV. D Issued 1960-01 Revised 2002-07 Reaffirme
5、d 2017-08 Superseding AMS2436C Coating, Aluminum Oxide Detonation Deposition RATIONALE AMS2436D has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE Five-Year Review policy. 1. SCOPE:1.1 Form: This specification covers the engineering requirements for applying aluminum oxide to metal parts by detonation depos
6、ition and the properties of such coatings. 1.2 Application: This process has been used typically to provide a hard, wear-resistant surface on metal parts, particularly those used under corrosive or elevated-temperature oxidizing conditions, but usage is not limited to such applications. This coating
7、 is not recommended for surfaces with deep vee-shaped grooves, blind cavities, narrow holes, or sharp corners, or where deformation of the basis metal may be expected.1.3 Safety - Hazardous Materials: While the materials, methods, applications, and processes described or referenced in this specifica
8、tion may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does not address the hazards which may be involved in such use. It is the sole responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous materials and to take necessary precautionary measures to
9、ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved.SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2436D Page 2 of 6 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS: The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subseq
10、uent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been canceled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply.2.1 ASTM Publications: Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Cons
11、hohocken, PA 19428-2959 or www.astm.org.ASTM C 633 Adhesion or Cohesive Strength of Flame-Sprayed CoatingsASTM E 384 Microhardness of Materials3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS: 3.1 Equipment: Shall consist of a specially constructed machine in which the particles of coating compound are fed into the tube o
12、f a gun, suspended in a mixture of oxygen, acetylene, and nitrogen, and detonated, heating the particles to plasticity and propelling them at high velocity out of the gun barrel onto the part.3.2 Coating Compound: Shall consist of not less than 99% aluminum oxide, determined by a method acceptable t
13、o purchaser.3.3 Preparation: 3.3.1 Surfaces to be coated shall be machined to allow for the finished thickness of the coating.3.3.2 Parts requiring heat treatment or shot peening shall be so processed prior to coating.3.3.3 Parts shall be cleaned to remove water, oil, grease, dirt, scale, paint, and
14、 other foreign materials detrimental to adhesion of the coating.3.3.4 Parts shall be suitably masked to protect surfaces not required to be coated.3.3.5 Surfaces to be coated shall be grit blasted to produce a uniform matte finish sufficient to provide good adhesion of the coating. The grit type and
15、 size shall be recorded in the approved process procedure for each part. Surfaces shall not be blasted with grit previously used on dissimilar materials.SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2436D Page 3 of 6 3.4 Procedure: The coating compound shall be deposited onto the designated surfaces to a sufficient thicknes
16、s to permit finishing to specified dimensions. The temperature of the parts during deposition shall be controlled so as not to exceed 300 F (149 C).3.5 Properties: The coating on parts or representative test specimens shall conform to the following requirements.3.5.1 Representative Test Specimens: S
17、pecimens as in 4.3.1 shall be prepared and coated in the same manner and under the same conditions as the actual parts.3.5.1.1 Hardness: Shall be 950 to 1300 HV300, or equivalent, determined in accordance with ASTM E 384 as the average of not less than 10 microhardness readings taken on a cross-sect
18、ion of specimens as in 4.3.1.1.3.5.1.2 Bond Strength: Shall be not less than 6000 psi (41.4 MPa), determined in accordance with ASTM C 633 or other procedure acceptable to purchaser on specimens as in 4.3.1.2.3.5.1.3 Inclusions and Apparent Porosity: Foreign particle inclusions and apparent porosity
19、 shall be not more than 2.0% of the coating cross-section, determined by microscopic examination at 200X magnification of specimens as in 4.3.1.1.3.5.1.4 Cracks and Interface Bond Separation: Shall not be present, determined by microscopic examination of the coating cross-section at 200X magnificati
20、on of specimens as in 4.3.1.1.3.5.2 Finished Parts: 3.5.2.1 Hardness: Shall be 950 to 1300 HV300, or equivalent, determined in accordance with ASTM E 384 as the average of not less than 10 microhardness readings taken on a cross-section of a part.3.6 Quality: The coating on parts, as received by pur
21、chaser, shall be adherent to the basis metal and shall have a uniform, continuous surface free from spalling, chipping, flaking, and other imperfections detrimental to usage of the coating.3.7 Tolerances: A maximum tolerance of +0.125 inch (+3.18 mm) is permissible on the boundaries of areas designa
22、ted to be coated.SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2436D Page 4 of 6 4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS: 4.1 Responsibility for Inspection: The processor of coated parts shall supply all samples for processors tests and shall be responsible for the performance of all required tests. When tests are required on actua
23、l parts, such parts shall be supplied by purchaser. Purchaser reserves the right to sample and to perform any confirmatory testing deemed necessary to ensure that the coating conforms to the requirements of this specification.4.2 Classification of Tests: 4.2.1 Acceptance Tests: Thickness (3.4.1), ha
24、rdness (3.5.1.1) and bond strength of test specimens (3.5.1.2), inclusion and apparent porosity of coated specimens (3.5.1.3), cracks and interface bond separation (3.5.1.4), quality (3.6), and tolerances (3.7) are acceptance tests and shall be performed to represent each lot.4.2.2 Periodic Tests: C
25、omposition of coating compound (3.2) and hardness of the coating (3.5.2.1) are periodic tests and shall be performed at a frequency selected by the vendor unless frequency of testing is specified by purchaser.4.2.3 Preproduction Tests: All technical requirements are preproduction tests and shall be
26、performed prior to or on the initial shipment of coated parts to a purchaser, when a change in material and/or processing requires approval by the cognizant engineering organization (see 4.4.2), and when purchaser deems confirmatory testing be required.4.3 Sampling and Testing: Shall be not less tha
27、n the following; a lot shall be all parts of essentially the same configuration, processed in a continuous operation, to the same range of thickness, with powder from the same batch, and presented for processors inspection at one time:4.3.1 Test Specimens: Two sets of specimens, one coated at the be
28、ginning and one coated at the end of each lot.4.3.1.1 Hardness and microscopic examination test specimens shall be 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) cubes fabricated from the same generic class of material and condition as the parts represented and coated at an impingement angle 90 degrees to a thickness of 0.007 i
29、nch (0.18 mm) minimum.4.3.1.2 Bond strength test specimens shall be solid cylindrical specimens 1.0 inch (25 mm) in diameter, fabricated from the same generic class of material and condition as the parts represented and coated at an impingement angle of 90 degrees on one flat face to a thickness of
30、0.007 inch (18 mm) minimum.SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2436D Page 5 of 6 4.3.1.3 For parts of a complex geometry or which requires that the coating be applied at other than a nominal 90 degrees, the purchaser and processor may agree on a sampling technique to determine acceptable coating properties. Where
31、no such agreement exists, test results shall be based on samples coated at 90 degrees.4.3.1.4 When a statistical sampling plan has been agreed upon by purchaser and vendor, sampling shall be in accordance with such plan in lieu of sampling in accordance with 4.3.1 and the report of 4.5 shall state t
32、hat such plan was used.4.4 Approval: 4.4.1 The process and control procedures, a preproduction sample part, or both, whichever is specified, shall be approved by the cognizant engineering organization before production parts are supplied.4.4.2 The processor of coated parts shall make no significant
33、change to materials, processes, or controls from those on which the approval was based, unless the change is approved by the cognizant engineering organization. A significant change is one which, in the judgment of the cognizant engineering organization, could affect the properties or performance of
34、 the parts.4.4.3 Control factors shall include, but not be limited to, the following:Grit size and parameters used for surface preparationCoating compound and mesh size distributionGun-to-work distanceFuel gassesFrequency of periodic tests.4.5 Reports: The processor of coated parts shall furnish wit
35、h each shipment a report showing the results of tests to determine that the coating conforms to the acceptance test requirements and, when performed, to the periodic test requirements. The report shall include the purchase order number, lot number, AMS 2436D, contractor or other direct supplier of p
36、art and coating materials, part number, and quantity.4.6 Resampling and Retesting: If any specimen used in the above tests fails to meet the specified requirements, disposition of the coated parts may be based on the results of testing three additional specimens from the same coating lot for each or
37、iginal nonconforming specimen. Except as specified in 4.6.1 and 4.6.2, failure of any retest specimen to meet the specified requirements shall be cause for rejection of the parts represented. Results of all tests shall be reported.4.6.1 If a bond strength specimen fails at the adhesive bonded joint,
38、 the test may be repeated and such retest shall not be considered one of the retests specified in 4.6.SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2436D Page 6 of 6 4.6.2 If any part fails to meet the specified requirements, either on the original sampling as in 4.3 or upon resampling as in 4.6, the parts in that lot may b
39、e stripped by a method approved by purchaser which does not roughen, pit, or embrittle the basis metal, recoated, and retested.5. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY: 5.1 Coated parts shall be handled and packaged to ensure that the required physical characteristics and properties of the coated parts are prese
40、rved.5.2 Packages of coated parts shall be prepared for shipment in accordance with commercial practice and in compliance with applicable rules and regulations pertaining to the handling, packaging, and transportation of the coated parts to ensure carrier acceptance and safe delivery.6. ACKNOWLEDGME
41、NT: Processor shall mention this specification number and its revision letter in all quotations and when acknowledging purchase orders.7. REJECTIONS: Parts on which the coating does not conform to this specification, or to modifications authorized by purchaser, will be subject to rejection.8. NOTES:
42、 8.1 A change bar ( l ) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this specification. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the s
43、pecification, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in specifications that contain editorial changes only.8.2 Dimensions and properties in inch/pound units and the Fahrenheit temperatures are primary; dimensions and properties in SI units and t
44、he Celsius temperatures are shown as the approximate equivalents of the primary units and are presented only for information.8.3 Purchase documents should specify not less than the following:AMS 2436DCoating thickness desired Quantity of pieces to be coated.8.4 Key Words: Wear resistance, oxidizing conditions, corrosive conditionsPREPARED UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF AMS COMMITTEE “B“
