1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2010 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside U
4、SA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS2630C AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS2630 REV. C Issued 1960-06 Revised 2010-01 Super
5、seding AMS2630B Inspection, Ultrasonic Product Over 0.5 Inch (12.7 mm) Thick RATIONALE AMS2630C revises requirements for qualification (3.1.1), transducers (3.2.2.1), shear wave references (3.2.4.4), special references (3.2.4.6), and gating (3.4.9.1.2), and is a Five Year Review and update of this s
6、pecification. 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose This specification covers procedures for ultrasonic inspection, by pulse-echo procedures, of flat, rectangular, round, cylindrical, and contoured products having a thickness or cross-sectional dimension greater than 0.50 inch (12.7 mm), using either contact or imme
7、rsion methods, and using the longitudinal-wave or shear-wave modes or combinations of the two, as necessary. This specification may apply to testing finished machined parts provided the parts can meet the basic testability requirements, such as size, contour, metallurgical structure, and thickness.
8、1.2 Parts with section thickness both over 0.50 inch (12.7 mm) and 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) and under may be tested using this procedure and AMS2632, as applicable. 1.3 Application This procedure has been used typically for locating and defining internal defects such as cracks, voids, laminations, and oth
9、er structural discontinuities which may or may not be exposed to the surface, but usage is not limited to such applications. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The
10、 supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE Inte
11、rnational, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS2632 Inspection, Ultrasonic, of Thin Materials, 0.5 Inch (12.7 mm) and Under Cross-Sectional Thickness SAE J300 Crankcase Oil Viscosity Classificatio
12、n 2.2 ASTM Publications SAE AMS2630C Page 2 of 21 Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM E 127 Fabricating and Checking Aluminum Alloy Ultrasonic Standard Reference Blocks ASTM E 317 Evaluating
13、Performance Characteristics of Ultrasonic PulseEcho Testing Systems Without the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments ASTM E 428 Fabrication and Control of Steel Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic Inspection ASTM E 1065 Evaluating Characteristics of Ultrasonic Search Units 2.3 Aerospace Industr
14、ies Association Publications Available from the Aerospace Industries Association, 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, www.aia-aerospace.org NAS-410 Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification 2.4 ANSI Publications Available from American National Standar
15、ds Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ANSI B46.1 Surface Texture 2.5 ASNT Publications Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Lane, Columbus, OH 43228-0518, 800-222-2768 (inside U.S. and Canada), 61
16、4-274-6003 (outside USA), www.asnt.org. SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice, Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing 2.6 ATA Publications Available from Air Transport Association of America, 1301 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW - Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20004-1707, Tel: 202-626-400
17、0, www.airlines.org. ATA-105 Guidelines for Training and Qualifying Personnel in Nondestructive Testing 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Qualification 3.1.1 Personnel Shall be qualified and certified in accordance with NAS-410. Alternate procedures, such as ASNT-TC-1A or ATA-105, may be used if specifi
18、ed on the drawing or purchase order. It is the suppliers responsibility to ensure that personnel are certified and function within the limits of the applicable specification or procedure. 3.1.2 Facilities Shall be subject to survey and approval by purchaser of the inspected product. Ultrasonic test
19、facility equipment shall include, but not be limited to, the basic ultrasonic test instrument, search units (transducers), appropriate ultrasonic references, couplant materials, fixtures, reference specifications, and immersion tanks where applicable. Reference specifications and documentation neces
20、sary to verify the qualification of equipment and test personnel shall be available upon request. SAE AMS2630C Page 3 of 21 3.2 Ultrasonic Test System 3.2.1 Basic Ultrasonic Test Instrument Shall be capable of producing, receiving, amplifying, and displaying on a cathode ray tube (CRT) high frequenc
21、y signals at specific frequencies as required by the test and shall be of a pulse-reflection (echo), pulse-transmission type. The instrument, if required by the test, shall be capable of being adapted with electronic circuitry, such as flaw gates and distance amplitude corrections. A minimum of a 2:
22、1 signal-to-noise ratio is required unless otherwise agreed upon by purchaser and vendor. 3.2.1.1 Instrument Linearity The instrument performance characteristics shall be evaluated in accordance with ASTM E 317 except as follows: 3.2.1.1.1 The calibration block used for evaluating vertical linearity
23、 shall be as shown in Figure 1. 3.2.1.1.2 The vertical linearity plot and the tolerance limits shall be as shown in either Figure 2 or Figure 2A. 3.2.1.1.3 The horizontal linearity check shall be made by plotting signal displacement against known thickness in the range of 1.0 to 5 inches (25.4 to 12
24、7 mm) in 1.0 inch (25.4 mm) increments; the allowable difference in thickness between that indicated by the signal displacement and the actual measured thickness shall be within 3% of the measured thickness of the respective block. Substitute performance checks are permissible when acceptable to pur
25、chaser. 3.2.1.2 Instrument Sensitivity Instrument sensitivity or gain controls shall function so that a given amount or degree of sensitivity can be repeated or returned to with an accuracy of 10% of the original pip height. If signal attenuators are used, they shall be accurate over the attenuation
26、 range and test frequency used so that the attenuation measurement will represent an amplitude ratio within 10% of the correct value. The decibel (dB) attenuation value may be converted to an amplitude ratio by use of tables with dB versus voltage ratios. Alternately, it may be calculated from the r
27、elationship in Equation 1. Amplitude Ratio Log=110-dB20-(Eq. 1) 3.2.1.3 Voltage Regulation If fluctuations in line voltage cause variations in the displayed signal amplitude or sweep length of 5% or greater, a power source voltage regulator shall be used. If fluctuations persist, proper adjustments
28、to instrument or power source shall be made so that the system will operate within the 5% limits. Battery powered systems are exempt from this requirement but such systems shall not be operated when the power source is below the level to achieve full vertical and horizontal display as viewed on the
29、CRT graticule. 3.2.1.4 Alarm Test criteria and part configuration determine alarm use feasibility, and must be agreed upon by purchaser and vendor. Audible and/or visual alarms shall be used in conjunction with visual monitoring to identify signals which exceed the level established for the test. Al
30、arm systems used for this purpose shall be capable of being adjusted to alarm at any point in the display range of the CRT and shall be automatically triggered within 10% of the set level. The sound level produced by the alarm during operation shall be sufficiently above ambient to ensure being hear
31、d by the operator. SAE AMS2630C Page 4 of 21 3.2.2 Ultrasonic Search Units Ultrasonic search units shall be of a piezoelectric type capable of both transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals at the specific frequencies required by the test. When used with the ultrasonic test instrument, the searc
32、h unit shall be capable of transmitting and receiving ultrasonic energy with a spectral distribution that includes the central frequency required for the test. The peak radiated frequency shall be within 0.5 MHz or 10%, whichever is greater, of the required frequency. This history of each search uni
33、t shall be maintained in an appropriate log and shall include type, style, frequency, serial number, and size. Beam profile checks, both axial and cross section, for immersion units may also be kept if required by purchaser. 3.2.2.1 Search Unit Dimensions and Styles For both contact and immersion te
34、sts with either longitudinal or shear mode, the choice of transducer dimension, style, type, etc is dependent on the test and the approved test procedure. In general, for immersion testing, flat faced or corrected beam transducers with diameters 3/8 through 1 inch (9.5 mm through 25.4 mm) or rectang
35、ular units with a maximum area of 1 square inch are acceptable. Contact units with a maximum area of 1 square inch (6.5 cm2) with 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) minimum to 11/8 inches (28.6 mm) maximum dimensions are acceptable for longitudinal testing, while 1.0 inch x 1.0 inch (25.4 mm x 25.4 mm) or 1.0 inch
36、x 1/2 inch (25.4 mm x 12.7 mm) transducers are acceptable for shear testing. Use of a focused, paint brush, liquid delay, special size, or other special transducer is acceptable when agreed upon by purchaser and vendor. 3.2.2.2 Test Frequencies The frequency used shall be the highest practical frequ
37、ency which will provide the penetration and resolution required; frequencies lower than 2.25 MHz when using the longitudinal mode or 1.0 MHz when using a shear mode shall not be used unless acceptable to purchaser. 3.2.2.3 Ultrasonic Beam Profiles for Immersion Units The following are recommended, s
38、implified (no special equipment required except a 3 mm ball) methods of finding Y+0and distance amplitude curves and beam profiles. Complete performance parameters of ultrasonic transducers using special equipment are presented in ASTM E 1065. Other methods or techniques for obtaining the same or si
39、milar data may be used if acceptable to purchaser. 3.2.2.3.1 Axial Beam Profile A distance amplitude curve of a transducer shall be plotted from measured energy reflected from a flat reflector having dimensions greater than twice the sound beam diameter. The curve shall be plotted through at least t
40、he following locations: the near field (Y-1) location, at the far field peak (Y+0) location, and at the 3 and 6 dB locations referenced from the Y+0point in both the near and far field directions. A distance amplitude curve shall be available before the transducer is put into service. The curve may
41、be supplied by the manufacturer or the purchaser may make the curve. Subsequent periodic checks, at least annually, of the transducer shall include a distance amplitude curve which shall agree with the original curve within 20% for the transducer to be acceptable. 3.2.2.3.2 Cross Section Profile (Be
42、am Symmetry) The ratio of beam widths shall be not less than 0.75:1 when measured to the 6 dB points in two directions, 90 degrees apart, across the beam at the Y+0location. The measurements shall be made from energy reflected from a 0.118 inch (3.0 mm) diameter steel ball. Larger diameter balls tha
43、n those specified in ASTM E 1065 may be used when agreed upon by purchaser and vendor. SAE AMS2630C Page 5 of 21 3.2.2.4 Contact Test Angle-Beam Search Units The exit point and exit angle of ultrasonic energy and depth profile of the sound beam shall be established for angle-beam search units. Searc
44、h units with beam angles departing more than 3 degrees from manufacturers indicated values shall not be used. Such units may be requalified to a new angle by verifying proper operation and by reidentifying the unit to the correct new beam angle. The International Institute of Welding (IIW) ultrasoni
45、c reference block or an appropriate substitute may be used to test the exit angle of angle-beam search units. 3.2.3 Couplants Shall be used for all tests. 3.2.3.1 Immersion Method Couplants for testing by the immersion method may include any appropriate fluid such as tap water, light oils, ethylene
46、glycol, or alcohol. Such fluids may contain wetting agents to improve couplant properties or rust inhibitors to reduce influence of the fluid on the product under test. No fluid may be used which stains, etches, or otherwise affects the surface of the product under test. Any fluid used for immersion
47、 testing shall be free of visible air bubbles and shall not exhibit excessive attenuation at the test frequency. The immersion technique is defined to include any liquid delay such as bubblers, collimators, squirters, ultrasonic wheels, and immersion tanks. 3.2.3.2 Contact Method Couplants for testi
48、ng by the contact method shall not be injurious to the product being tested. Couplant materials include any appropriate fluid such as water, light oils, low-viscosity greases, and penetrant emulsifiers. Rubber-like wear membranes may be used between the search unit and the test part to prevent exces
49、sive search unit wear provided such use is approved by purchaser. As surface roughness influences the sound energy, couplant viscosity may be varied as a function of surface roughness. Table 1 provides a guide for selection of direct contact couplant materials; other couplants of similar viscosity may be used. The contact technique is defined to include direct contact of a search unit with the test surface, use of contou
