1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2013 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS2644F AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS2644 REV. F Issued 1996-08 Revised 2
5、013-10 Superseding AMS2644E Inspection Material, Penetrant RATIONALE AMS2644F revises referenced standards (2.3, 4.4.15), updates tables to reflect correct reference standards used (Table 2,), revises Table 3 for reference standards used for penetrant removability testing, revises instructions about
6、 material safety data sheets (3.2.3, 4.5.1), revises requalification (3.2.6) revises safety (3.3.1),corrosivity (3.3.2), and removability (3.3.8.6), clarifies processing parameters (4.4.5.1.2, 4.4.11.2), revises exposure equipment (4.4.7.2), specimen cleaning (4.4.11.5) and test specimens (4.4.5.2.1
7、, 4.4.11.2), revises thermal stability of penetrant fluorescents (4.4.8) and tank life (4.4.9), revises requirements for developer bioresistance (4.4.15) and is a Five Year Review and update of this specification. 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose This specification establishes the classification, technical requ
8、irements, tests, and test procedures for the qualification, approval, and quality verification of all materials used in the liquid penetrant methods of inspection with the exception of those excluded in the application section. 1.1.1 The qualifying agency for direct U.S. Military procurement is the
9、Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory AFRL/RXSA, 2179 12th Street, Room 122, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433-7718, (937) 656-9151. AFRL/RXSA will maintain the qualified products list for military procurement of penetrant materials, replacing QPL-2513
10、5, and will audit and approve other testing facilities to perform all or portions of the tests contained herein. 1.2 Application This specification is applicable to penetrant materials used in manufacturing and maintenance operations. It is intended to be used by prime contractors in establishing an
11、 approved products list (QPL) for use by themselves and their suppliers. It does not cover such special application products as liquid oxygen compatible, high or low temperatures, thixotropic, reverse fluorescent, and dye precipitation penetrant systems. 1.3 Safety - Hazardous Materials While the ma
12、terials, methods, applications, and processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does not address the hazards which may be involved in such use. It is the sole responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and
13、 proper use of any hazardous materials and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2644F Page 2 of 28 1.4 Classification Penetrant systems covered by this specification are to be classified as follows: 1.4.1 Penetrants
14、shall be of the following types, methods, and sensitivity levels: Type 1 Fluorescent Dye Type 2 Visible Dye Method A Water washable Method B Post emulsifiable, lipophilic Method C Solvent removable Method D Post emulsifiable, hydrophilic Sensitivity level 1/2 Ultra low Sensitivity level 1 Low Sensit
15、ivity level 2 Medium Sensitivity level 3 High Sensitivity level 4 Ultra high 1.4.1.1 Sensitivity level 1/2 applies to Type 1, Method A penetrants only. There is no sensitivity level classification for Type 2 penetrant systems. 1.4.2 Developers shall be of the following forms: Form a Dry powder Form
16、b Water soluble Form c Water suspendible Form d Nonaqueous Type 1 Fluorescent (solvent based) Form e Nonaqueous Type 2 Visible Dye (solvent based) Form f Special Application 1.4.3 Solvent Removers shall be of the following classes: Class 1 Halogenated Class 2 Nonhalogenated Class 3 Special applicati
17、on 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenc
18、ed document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (o
19、utside USA), www.sae.org. AMS4035 Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024-0), Annealed; or when specified, “As Fabricated“ (2024-F) AMS4045 Aluminum Alloy Sheet and Plate, 5.6Zn - 2.5Mg - 1.6Cu - 0.23Cr 7075: (-T6 Sheet, -T65 Plate), Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated AMS4
20、377 Magnesium Alloy, Sheet and Plate, 3.0Al - 1.0Zn - 0.20Mn (AZ31B-H24), Cold Rolled, Partially Annealed SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2644F Page 3 of 28 AMS4916 Titanium Alloy Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 8Al - 1Mo - 1V, Duplexed Annealed AMS5391 Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings,
21、 73Ni - 0.14C - 13Cr - 4.5Mo - 2.3Cb - 0.75Ti - 6.0 Al - 0.010B - 0.10Zr, Vacuum Cast, As-Cast AMS6350 Steel Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo (0.28 - 0.33C) (SAE 4130) 2.2 ANSI Publications Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Te
22、l: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org Z400.1 Hazardous Workplace Chemicals - Hazard Evaluation and Safety Data Sheet and Precautionary Labeling Preparation 2.3 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.
23、astm.org. ASTM D 93 Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester ASTM D 95 Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation ASTM D 445 Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity) ASTM E 2275 Standard Practice for Evaluating Wate
24、r-Miscible Metalworking Fluid Bioresistance and Antimicrobial Pesticide Performance ASTM D 4057 Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products ASTM D 4177 Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products ASTM E 1135 Comparing the Brightness of Fluorescent Penetrants ASTM G 41 Determining
25、Cracking Susceptibility of Metals Exposed Under Stress to a Hot Salt Environment 2.4 OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Organization) Publications Available from U.S. Department of Labor/OSHA, OSHA Publications, P.O. Box 37535, Washington, DC 20013-7535, Tel: 202-693-1888, www.osha.gov/pls/publica
26、tions/pubindex.list. 29 CFR 1910.1200 OSHAs Hazard Communication Standard 49 CFR 173 Department of Transportation Hazardous Material Regulations (Orders for the above publication should cite “49CFR 100 to 177“). 2.5 Order of Precedence In the event of a conflict between the text of this specificatio
27、n and the references cited herein, the text of this specification shall take precedence. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2644F Page 4 of 28 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Materials Candidate materials and systems must equal or exceed the performance of the appropriate reference material or system. Table 1 lists
28、 the designations assigned to the reference materials. Table 2 and Table 3 identify the reference material to be used with candidate materials for qualification testing and the reference materials to which the respective candidates are compared for performance evaluation. For example, a candidate Ty
29、pe 1, Method B, Level 2 system would be used with the D-1 reference dry powder developer and compared to the FP-2PE/FE-B reference system used with the D-1 reference dry powder developer. 3.2 Qualification Penetrant materials furnished shall be products which are qualified under the requirements of
30、this specification at the time set for the opening of bids. 3.2.1 Qualification Provisions Penetrant materials shall be qualified in accordance with the following provisions. 3.2.1.1 Type 1 (Fluorescent Dye) Materials Method A (water washable) penetrants and Methods B and D (post emulsifiable) penet
31、rants/emulsifiers shall be qualified with the reference dry developer D-1. Method C penetrants shall be qualified either on the basis of their performance as Method A, B, or D materials, or, alternatively, with the reference solvent remover R-1 and reference dry developer D-1. 3.2.1.2 Type 2 (Visibl
32、e Dye) Materials Method A, B, and D penetrant systems shall be qualified with the reference nonaqueous wet developer D-2, Method C (solvent removable) penetrants shall be qualified based upon their qualification as a component of a Method A, B, or D system, or qualified with the reference solvent re
33、mover R-2 and reference nonaqueous developer D-2. 3.2.1.3 Developers All developers intended for use with Type 1 (fluorescent) penetrant materials, except Form f (special application), shall be qualified with the reference Level 4, Method B penetrant/emulsifier system FP-4PE/FE-B (See Table 1). All
34、developers intended for use with Type 2 (visible) penetrant materials, except Form f, shall be qualified with the Type 2 reference penetrant and Method B emulsifier VPPE/VE-B. Form f developers shall be qualified in accordance with 3.2.1.5. 3.2.1.4 Solvent Removers Classes l and 2 solvent removers s
35、hall be qualified with the reference penetrant FP-4PE and reference developer D-1. Class 3 solvent removers shall be qualified in accordance with 3.2.1.5 3.2.1.5 Special Application Developers/Removers Form f developers and Class 3 removers shall be qualified with materials as specified by the manuf
36、acturer and approval shall be specific to those materials. 3.2.2 Qualification Testing Samples Samples submitted shall be accompanied by mixing instructions and any other pertinent data as required by the qualifying agency. Sample size shall be as required by the qualifying agency, up to 1 quart (0.
37、95 L) of penetrant and hydrophilic emulsifier, 1 gallon (3.8 L) of lipophilic emulsifier and 2 pounds (0.9 kg) of developer powder. Nonaqueous developers shall be submitted in aerosol containers only and the sample size shall be two containers. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2644F Page 5 of 28 3.2.3 Toxicity
38、Characteristics Review The manufacture shall submit a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for each candidate product to the qualifying agency. The MSDS shall be prepared in accordance with 29CFR 1910.1200, section (g) or ANSI Z400.1. The manufacturer shall certify that he has reviewed the Material Saf
39、ety Data Sheets (MSDS) for each ingredient of the formulation and based on this information shall certify further that the finished product does not contain materials that are toxic or are detrimental to personnel health or the environment under normal use. This certification shall be signed off by
40、the President or General Manager as well as the Health and Safety Officer of the respective firm submitting products for qualification. The qualifying agency will rely on the certification that the finished product does not contain materials that are toxic or are detrimental to personnel health or t
41、he environment under normal use. Qualification does not imply that the qualifying agency has independently verified that the certification is true or accurate or has determined that the finished product does not contain materials that are toxic or are detrimental to personnel health or the environme
42、nt under normal use. However, the qualifying agency reserves the right to deny or revoke qualification if data is presented which refutes the manufacturers health and safety certification. 3.2.4 Reference Materials Reference materials shall serve to demonstrate the minimum acceptable performance req
43、uirements. Table 1 details the reference materials required for the qualification of the different penetrant systems, developers, and solvent removers. Identification of reference materials is available from the qualifying agency. 3.2.5 Qualification Testing All qualification tests shall be conducte
44、d by a laboratory or penetrant manufacturer specifically approved by the qualifying agency. A certified test report shall be furnished to the qualifying agency upon submittal of candidate penetrant materials for qualification. 3.2.6 Requalification Penetrant materials shall be requalified when chang
45、es to their formula or method of manufacture are made which are outside of normal manufacturing tolerances. Requalification intervals may be established at the discretion of the qualification agency. 3.3 Physical Properties 3.3.1 Safety The hazard characteristics of each material shall be properly i
46、dentified and defined on a material safety data sheet prepared in accordance with 29CFR 1910.1200, section (g) or ANSI Z400.1. 3.3.1.1 Safety Data Sheet Updates Whenever a material safety data sheet is updated by the manufacturer, a copy of the update shall be sent to the qualifying agency with each
47、 subsequent shipment. 3.3.1.2 Prohibited ingredients for any penetrant material include asbestos, compounds of hexavalent chromium, Class 1 Ozone Layer Depleting Substances (OLDS) and OLDS banned by federal regulation. 3.3.2 Corrosive Properties All inspection materials shall be noncorrosive and non
48、oxidizing. The materials shall be tested as supplied by the manufacturer, or mixed to working concentrations with deionized water in the case of aqueous developers, hydrophilic removers and water base penetrants. The test panels shall show no evidence of pitting, etching, cracking, oxidation, or cor
49、rosion when examined after testing in accordance with the following requirements. Tarnishing or discoloration that does not result in pitting, etching, or another form of metal removal is not cause for rejection. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2644F Page 6 of 28 3.3.2.1 Moderate Temperature Corrosion All materials shall be tested for moderate temperature corrosiveness to steel, aluminum, and magnesium in accordance with 4.4.1. 3.3.2.2 High Temperature
