1、 _ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising ther
2、efrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2017 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this
3、publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-49
4、70 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/AMS4928W AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS4928 REV. W Issued 1957-07 Revised 2017-12 Supers
5、eding AMS4928V Titanium Alloy Bars, Wire, Forgings, Rings, and Drawn Shapes 6Al - 4V Annealed (Composition similar to UNS R56400) RATIONALE AMS4928W results from an update of this specification that revises composition testing analytical methods (3.1), increases upper size limit to 10 inches (3.5.1)
6、, changes minimumn magnification for surface contamination (3.5.1.3) and revises reporting (4.4) and identification (5.1). 1. SCOPE 1.1 Form This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of bars, wire, forgings, flash welded rings, drawn shapes up through 10.000 inches (254.00 mm) inclusive
7、 in diameter or least distance between parallel sides and stock of any size for forging or flash welded rings. 1.2 Application These products have been used typically for parts requiring moderate strength with a maximum service temperature in the 750 to 900 F (399 to 510 C) range depending on time a
8、t temperature where the product is to be used in the annealed condition, but usage is not limited to such applications. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supp
9、lier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE Internati
10、onal, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS2241 Tolerances, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant Steel, Iron Alloy, Titanium, and Titanium Alloy Bars and Wire AMS2249 Chemical Check Analysis Limits Tita
11、nium and Titanium Alloys AMS2750 Pyrometry AMS2808 Identification Forgings SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4928W Page 2 of 8 AMS2809 Identification Titanium and Titanium Alloy Wrought Products AMS7498 Rings, Flash Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloys ARP1917 Clarification of Terms Used in Aerospace Metals Speci
12、fications AS1814 Terminology for Titanium Microstructures AS6279 Standard Practice for Production, Distribution, and Procurement of Metal Stock 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm
13、.org. ASTM E8/E8M Tension Testing of Metallic Materials ASTM E539 Analysis of Titanium Alloys by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry ASTM E1409 Determination of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas Fusion ASTM E1447 Determination of Hydrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloy
14、s by the Inert Gas Fusion Thermal Conductivity/Infrared Detection Method ASTM E1941 Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys by Combustion Analysis ASTM E2371 Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emi
15、ssion Spectrometry ASTM E2994 Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Composition Shall conform to the percentages by weight shown in Table 1; carbon shall be determined in accordance
16、 with ASTM E1941, hydrogen in accordance with ASTM E1447, oxygen and nitrogen in accordance with ASTM E1409, and other elements in accordance with ASTM E539, ASTM E2371 or ASTM E2994. Other analytical methods may be used if acceptable to the purchaser. Table 1 - Composition Element Min Max Aluminum
17、Vanadium Iron Oxygen Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen (3.1.1) Yttrium (3.1.2) Other Elements, each (3.1.2) Other Elements, total (3.1.2) Titanium 5.50 3.50 - - - - - - - - remainder 6.75 4.50 0.30 0.20 0.08 0.05 0.0125 0.005 0.10 0.40 (500 ppm) (125 ppm) ( 50 ppm) SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4928W Page 3 of 8 3.1.
18、1 Hydrogen content of forgings may be as high as 0.0150 wt. % (150 ppm). 3.1.2 Determination not required for routine acceptance. 3.1.3 Check Analysis Composition variations shall meet the applicable requirements of AMS2249. 3.2 Melting Practice Alloy shall be multiple melted. The first melt shall b
19、e made by vacuum consumable electrode, nonconsumable electrode, electron beam cold hearth, or plasma arc cold hearth melting practice. The subsequent melt or melts shall be made using vacuum arc remelting (VAR) practice. Alloy additions are not permitted in the final melt cycle. 3.2.1 The atmosphere
20、 for nonconsumable electrode melting shall be vacuum or shall be argon and/or helium at an absolute pressure not higher than 1000 mm of mercury. 3.2.2 The electrode tip for nonconsumable electrode melting shall be water-cooled copper. 3.3 Condition The product shall be supplied in the following cond
21、ition: 3.3.1 Bars Hot finished with or without subsequent cold reduction, annealed, and descaled. Unless prohibited by purchaser, bars may be solution heat treated before annealing. A machined or ground surface is permitted unless prohibited by the purchaser. The product shall be processed to the fi
22、nal thickness/diameter by metallurgical working operations prior to any straightening, dimensional sizing or surface finishing operations. Bar shall not be cut from plate. 3.3.2 Wire Cold drawn, annealed, and descaled. 3.3.3 Forgings and Flash Welded Rings Annealed and descaled. Unless prohibited by
23、 purchaser, product may be solution heat treated before annealing. 3.3.3.1 Flash welded rings shall not be supplied unless specified or permitted on purchasers part drawing. When supplied, rings shall be manufactured in accordance with AMS7498. 3.3.4 Drawn Shapes Drawn, annealed, and descaled. Unles
24、s prohibited by purchaser, drawn shapes may be solution heat treated before annealing. 3.3.5 Stock for Forging or Flash Welded Rings As ordered by the forging or flash welded ring manufacturer. 3.4 Heat Treatment Bars, wire, forgings, drawn shapes and flash welded rings shall be heat treated as foll
25、ows; pyrometry shall be in accordance with AMS2750. 3.4.1 Solution Heat Treatment Except as specified in 3.4.3, when solution heat treatment is used, heat to a temperature within the range 50 to 150 F (28 to 83 C) below the beta transus, hold at the selected temperature within 25 F (14 C) for a time
26、 commensurate with section thickness and the heating equipment and procedure used, and cool at a rate equivalent to an air cool or faster. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4928W Page 4 of 8 3.4.2 Annealing Except as specified in 3.4.3, heat to a temperature within the range 1300 to 1450 F (704 to 788 C), hold a
27、t the selected temperature within 25 F (14 C) for not less than 1 hour, and cool as required. 3.4.3 Continuous Heat Treating Wire 0.125 inch (3.18 mm) and under in diameter may be continuously heat treated provided that process parameters (e.g., furnace temperature set points, heat input, travel rat
28、e, etc.) for continuous heat treating lines shall be established by the material producer and validated by testing of product to requirements of 3.5. 3.5 Properties The product shall conform to the following requirements and shall also meet the requirements of 3.5.1.1 after being heated to any tempe
29、rature up to 1250 F (677 C) (see 4.2.2), held at heat for 20 minutes 3 minutes, cooled in air, and descaled: 3.5.1 Bars, Wire, Forgings, and Flash Welded Rings Product, 10.000 inches (254.00 mm) and under in nominal diameter or least distance between parallel sides, shall have the following properti
30、es: 3.5.1.1 Tensile Properties Shall be as specified in Table 2, determined in accordance with ASTM E8/E8M on specimens as in 4.3.1.2 with the rate of strain set at 0.005 inch/inch/minute (0.005 mm/mm/minute) and maintained within a tolerance of 0.002 inch/inch/minute (0.002 mm/mm/minute) through th
31、e 0.2% offset yield strain. Table 2 Table 2A - Minimum tensile properties, inch/pound units Nominal Diameter or Least Distance Between Parallel Sides Inches Tensile Strength ksi Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset ksi Elongation in 2 Inches or 4D % Long. Elongation in 2 Inches or 4D % L.T. Elongation in 2
32、 Inches or 4D % S.T. Reduction of Area % Long. Reduction of Area % L.T. Reduction of Area % S.T. (2) Up to 2.000, incl (1) 135 125 10 10 - 25 20 - Over 2.000 to 4.000, incl 130 120 10 10 10 25 20 15 Over 4.000 to 6.000, incl (3) Over 6.000 to 10.000, incl 130 130 120 119 10 10 10 10 8 8 20 20 20 20
33、15 15 Table 2B - Minimum tensile properties, SI units Nominal Diameter or Least Distance Between Parallel Sides Millimeters Tensile Strength MPa Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset MPa Elongation in 50.8 mm or 4D % Long Elongation in 50.8 mm or 4D % L.T. Elongation in 50.8 mm or 4D % S.T. Reduction of Are
34、a % Long. Reduction of Area % L.T. Reduction of Area % S.T. (2) Up to 50.80, incl (1) 931 862 10 10 - 25 20 - Over 50.80 to 101.60, incl 896 827 10 10 10 25 20 15 Over 101.60 to 152.40, incl (3) Over 152.40 to 254.00, incl 896 896 827 820 10 10 10 10 8 8 20 20 20 20 15 15 Note: Long. = Longitudinal
35、L.T. = Long-Transverse S.T = Short-Transverse Note: 1. Tensile strength of 130 ksi (896 MPa) minimum and yield strength of 120 ksi (827 MPa) minimum are permitted for wire or rod for fastener applications and for flash welded rings made from extrusions up to 2.000 inches (50.80 mm), inclusive, in di
36、stance between parallel sides. 2. Short-transverse reduction of area is waived for flash welded rings made from extrusions. 3. See 8.3. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4928W Page 5 of 8 3.5.1.1.1 Tensile and yield strength requirements apply in the longitudinal and the long and short transverse directions. Tra
37、nsverse requirements in Table 2 apply only to product that a tensile specimen not less than 2.50 inches (63.5 mm) in length can be obtained. 3.5.1.1.2 Tests in transverse directions are not required on product tested in the longitudinal direction unless specified by purchase order. 3.5.1.1.3 Specime
38、ns for the longitudinal requirements in Table 2 for bars, wire, and forgings shall be taken with the axis of the specimen approximately within 15 of parallel to the grain flow and for flash welded rings shall be taken in the circumferential direction. 3.5.1.1.4 Yield strength and reduction of area r
39、equirements do not apply to wire and drawn shapes with maximum section thickness under 0.125 inches (3.18 mm) in nominal diameter. 3.5.1.1.5 Mechanical property requirements for product outside the range covered by 1.1 shall be agreed upon between purchaser and producer. 3.5.1.2 Microstructure Shall
40、 be that structure resulting from processing within the alpha-beta phase field. Microstructure shall conform to 3.5.1.2.1 or 3.5.1.2.2, or 3.5.1.2.3. 3.5.1.2.1 Equiaxed and/or elongated primary alpha in a transformed beta matrix with no continuous network of alpha at prior beta grain boundaries. 3.5
41、.1.2.2 Essentially complete field of equiaxed and/or elongated alpha with no continuous network of alpha at prior beta grain boundaries. 3.5.1.2.3 Partially broken and distorted grain boundary alpha with plate-like alpha. 3.5.1.2.4 A microstructure showing a continuous network of alpha in prior beta
42、 grain boundaries is not acceptable. 3.5.1.3 Surface Contamination Except as permitted by 3.5.1.3.1 and 3.5.1.3.2, the product shall be free of any oxygen-rich layer (see 8.2), such as alpha case, or other surface contamination, by examination of a metallographic cross section at 400X minimum magnif
43、ication or by other method agreed upon by purchaser and producer. 3.5.1.3.1 An oxygen-rich layer not greater than 0.001 inch (0.025 mm) in depth will be permitted on bars other than round, and drawn shapes. 3.5.1.3.2 When permitted by purchaser, forgings and flash welded rings to be machined all ove
44、r may have an oxygen-rich layer provided such layer is removable within the machining allowance on the forging or flash welded ring. 3.5.2 Forging Stock When a sample of stock is forged to a test coupon having a degree of mechanical working not greater than the forging and heat treated as in 3.4, sp
45、ecimens taken from the heat treated coupon shall conform to the requirements of 3.5.1.1. If specimens taken from the stock after heat treatment as in 3.4 conform to the requirements of 3.5.1.1, the tests shall be accepted as equivalent to tests of a forged coupon. 3.5.3 Stock for Flash Welded Rings
46、A sample of stock heat treated as in 3.4 shall conform to the requirements of 3.5.1.1. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4928W Page 6 of 8 3.6 Quality The product, as received by purchaser, shall be uniform in quality and condition, sound, and free from foreign materials and from imperfections detrimental to usa
47、ge of the product. 3.6.1 Grain flow of die forgings, except in areas which contain flash-line end grain, shall follow the general contour of the forgings showing no evidence of reentrant grain flow. 3.7 Tolerances Bars and wire shall conform to all applicable requirements of AMS2241. 3.8 Production,
48、 distribution, and procurement of metal stock shall comply with AS6279. 4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS 4.1 Responsibility for Inspection The producer of the product shall supply all samples for producers test and shall be responsible for the performance of all required tests. Purchaser reserves the
49、 right to sample and to perform any confirmatory testing deemed necessary to ensure that the product conforms to specified requirements. 4.2 Classification of Tests 4.2.1 Acceptance Tests The following requirements are acceptance tests and shall be performed on each heat or lot as applicable: 4.2.1.1 Composition (3.1) of each heat and hydrogen content of each lot. 4.2.1.2 Tensile properties (3.5.1.1),
