1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2015 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS4943K AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS4943 REV. K Issued 1971-11 Revised 2
5、015-05 Superseding AMS4943J Titanium Alloy, Hydraulic, Seamless Tubing 3.0Al - 2.5V Annealed (Composition similar to UNS R56320) RATIONALE AMS4943K results from an update of this specification and includes a reduction in hydrogen content and removal of an increased sample weight allowance (Table 1)
6、(covered by ASTM E1447), use of vacuum in the first consumable melting (3.2.1), use of vacuum/inert gas furnaces (3.3.2), clarification of ultrasonic inspection requirements (3.5.1), making OD and ID surface conditions consistent with other titanium tubing specifications (3.5.2.1 and 3.5.2.2), and d
7、efining classification and test sampling requirements (4.2 and 4.3). 1. SCOPE 1.1 Form This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of seamless tubing. 1.2 Application This tubing has been used typically for parts, such as hydraulic lines, requiring strength and oxidation resistance up to
8、600 F (316 C) and weldability, but usage is not limited to such applications. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of
9、a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale,
10、PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS2244 Tolerances, Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tubing AMS2249 Chemical Check Analysis Limits, Titanium and Titanium Alloys AMS2368 Sampling and Testing of Wrought Titanium Raw Material, Except Fo
11、rgings and Forging Stock SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4943K Page 2 of 8 AMS2634 Ultrasonic Inspection, Thin Wall Metal Tubing AMS2750 Pyrometry AMS2809 Identification, Titanium and Titanium Alloy Wrought Products 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700,
12、West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM E8/E8M Tension Testing of Metallic Materials ASTM E1409 Determination of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas Fusion Technique ASTM E1447 Determination of Hydrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys
13、by the Inert Gas Fusion Thermal Conductivity/Infrared Detection Method ASTM E1941 Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys by Combustion Analysis ASTM E2371 Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively Coupled Atomic Emission Spe
14、ctrometry 2.3 ASME Publications Available from ASME, P.O. Box 2900, 22 Law Drive, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900, Tel: 800-843-2763 (U.S./Canada), 001-800-843-2763 (Mexico), 973-882-1170 (outside North America), www.asme.org. ASME B46.1 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay) 3. TECHNICAL R
15、EQUIREMENTS 3.1 Composition Shall conform to the percentages by weight shown in Table 1; carbon shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E1941, hydrogen in accordance with ASTM E1447, oxygen and nitrogen in accordance with ASTM E1409, and other elements in accordance with ASTM E2371. Other analyt
16、ical methods may be used if acceptable to the purchaser. Table 1 - Composition Element min max Aluminum Vanadium Iron Oxygen Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Yttrium (3.1.1) Other Elements, each (3.1.1) Other Elements, total (3.1.1) Titanium 2.50 2.00 - - - - - - - - remainder 3.50 3.00 0.30 0.12 0.05 0.020
17、 0.005 0.005 0.10 0.40 (200 ppm) ( 50 ppm) ( 50 ppm) 3.1.1 Determination not required for routine acceptance. 3.1.2 Check Analysis Composition variations shall meet the applicable requirements of AMS2249. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4943K Page 3 of 8 3.2 Melting Practice Alloy shall be multiple melted. The
18、 first melt shall be made by vacuum consumable electrode, nonconsumable electrode, electron beam cold hearth, or plasma arc cold hearth melting practice. The subsequent melt or melts shall be made under vacuum using vacuum arc remelting (VAR) practice. Alloy additions are not permitted in the final
19、melt cycle. 3.2.1 The atmosphere for nonconsumable electrode melting shall be vacuum or shall be argon and/or helium at an absolute pressure not higher than 1000 mm of mercury. 3.2.2 The electrode tip for nonconsumable electrode melting shall be water-cooled copper. 3.3 Condition Cold reduced, annea
20、led by heating to a temperature within the range 1100 to 1450 F (593 to 788 C), holding at the selected temperature within 25 F (14 C) for not less than 30 minutes, cooling at a rate equivalent to an air cool or slower, and descaled. Pyrometry shall be in accordance with AMS2750. 3.3.1 Furnaces shal
21、l meet the requirements of AMS2750. Furnaces shall be a minimum Class 5 (25 F/14 C), with a minimum of Type D instrumentation. 3.3.2 Heat treatment operations shall be performed under vacuum or inert gas. 3.4 Properties Tubing shall conform to the following requirements: 3.4.1 Tensile Properties Sha
22、ll be as shown in Table 2, determined in accordance with ASTM E8/E8M with the rate of strain set at 0.005 inch/inch/minute (0.005 mm/mm/minute) and maintained within a tolerance of 0.002 inch/inch/minute (0.002 mm/mm/minute) through the 0.2% offset yield strain. Table 2 - Minimum tensile properties
23、Property Value Tensile Strength Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset Elongation in 2 Inches (50.8 mm) 90 ksi (621 MPa) 75 ksi (517 MPa) 15% 3.4.2 Flarability Specimens as in 4.3.4.1 shall withstand flaring at room temperature, without formation of cracks or other visible defects, by being forced axially, w
24、ith steady pressure, over a hardened and polished tapered steel pin having a 74-degree included angle to produce a flare having a permanent expanded OD not less than 1.30 times the original nominal OD. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4943K Page 4 of 8 3.4.3 Pressure Testing Tubing shall show no bulges, leaks,
25、pin holes, cracks, or other defects when subjected to an internal hydrostatic pressure (P) sufficient to cause a tensile stress of 75 ksi (517 MPa) in the tubing wall, except that a diametric permanent set of 0.002 inch/inch (0.002 mm/mm) of diameter is acceptable. The hydrostatic pressure (P) shall
26、 be determined using Equation 1. (Eq. 1) where: P = Test pressure in ksi (MPa) S = 75 ksi (517 MPa) D = Nominal OD d = Nominal ID 3.4.4 Bending Tubing shall not develop cracks, tears, breaks, or other flaws when bent at ambient temperature 180 degrees around a suitable bend die having a centerline r
27、adius equal to three times the nominal OD of the tubing. A solid rod or ball-type retractable mandrel inserted to the tangent of the bend shall be used to support the inside of the tube during bending. 3.4.5 Flattening Specimens as in 4.3.5 shall show no cracks, tears, breaks, opened die marks, or o
28、pened polishing marks when a half-section of a tube is flattened between parallel plates until the distance between plates is essentially equal to the wall thickness of the tube. The flattened sample shall be examined under a binocular microscope at 5 to 10X magnification. 3.4.5.1 As an alternate fl
29、attening test method, the half-tube sample may be placed between mandrels and pressed together to produce a flat surface approximately 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) wide on the tubing ID. The mandrel or mandrels shall be positioned so that the width of the flattened area will be parallel to the length of the ha
30、lf-section of tubing. 3.4.6 Microstructure Shall be that structure resulting from processing within the alpha-beta phase field. Microstructure shall conform to 3.4.6.1 or 3.4.6.2. 3.4.6.1 Equiaxed and/or elongated primary alpha in a transformed beta matrix with no continuous network of alpha at prio
31、r beta grain boundaries. 3.4.6.2 Essentially complete field of equiaxed and/or elongated alpha with or without intergranular beta and with no continuous network of alpha at prior beta grain boundaries 3.4.7 The tubing shall be free of any oxygen-rich layer, such as alpha case (See 8.2), or other sur
32、face contamination, determined by microscopic examination at not lower than 400X magnification or by other method acceptable to purchaser and producer. P SD2d2D2d2+-=SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4943K Page 5 of 8 3.5 Quality Tubing, as received by purchaser, shall be uniform in quality and condition and sha
33、ll have a finish conforming to the best practice for high quality aircraft tubing. It shall be smooth and free from heavy scale or oxide, burrs, seams, tears, cracks, grooves, laminations, slivers, pits, and other imperfections detrimental to usage of the tubing. Surface imperfections, such as handl
34、ing marks, straightening marks, light mandrel and die marks, shallow pits, and scale pattern will not be considered injurious if the imperfections are removable within the tolerances specified for wall thickness but removal of such imperfections is not required. 3.5.1 Each tube shall be ultrasonical
35、ly inspected in accordance with AMS2634, Class AA, for ID, OD and subsurface imperfections of all types and orientation (longitudinal and transverse). 3.5.2 Surface Condition 3.5.2.1 OD Surface Shall show a uniformly acid-pickled surface finish; not less than 0.001 inch (0.025 mm) shall have been ch
36、emically removed from the wall thickness as a finishing operation. Soft belt polishing prior to the pickling operation is permissible; traces of the polishing marks may remain after the pickling operation. Centerless grinding or other mechanical operations are not permitted. 3.5.2.2 ID Surface Shall
37、 show a uniform matte finish, produced by abrasive blasting with grit not larger than 100 mesh (150 m) followed by forced-flow acid pickling to remove not less than 0.0005 inch (0.013 mm) from the wall thickness. 3.5.2.3 Surface Texture Shall be not greater than 63 microinches (1.6 m) on the ID and
38、be not greater than 32 microinches (0.8 m) on the OD, determined in accordance with ASME B46.1. 3.5.3 Surface Cleanliness The ID and OD surfaces of the tubing shall be free from grease and other foreign matter. Metallic flakes or particles shall not be collected by a clean, white cloth drawn through
39、 the bore of a sample tube. Discoloration of the cloth, without the presence of metallic flakes or particles, is acceptable. 3.6 Tolerances Shall conform to all applicable requirements of AMS2244 for special tolerances. 4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS 4.1 Responsibility for Inspection The producer o
40、f tubing shall supply all samples for producers tests and shall be responsible for the performance of all required tests. Purchaser reserves the right to sample and to perform any confirmatory testing deemed necessary to ensure that the tubing conforms to specified requirements. SAE INTERNATIONAL AM
41、S4943K Page 6 of 8 4.2 Classification of Tests 4.2.1 Acceptance Tests All technical requirements, except pressure testing (3.4.3), are acceptance tests and shall be performed on each heat or lot as applicable. 4.2.2 Periodic Tests Pressure testing (3.4.3) is a periodic test and shall be performed at
42、 a frequency selected by the producer unless frequency of testing is specified by purchaser. 4.2.3 Preproduction Tests All technical requirements are preproduction tests and shall be performed prior to or on the initial shipment of tubing to a purchaser, when a change in material and/or processing r
43、equires reapproval as in 4.4.2, and when purchaser deems confirmatory testing to be required. 4.3 Sampling and Testing Shall be in accordance AMS2368 and the following; a lot shall be all tubing of the same nominal size from the same ingot, same processing and finishing operations, and annealed in t
44、he same furnace charge: 4.3.1 Composition One sample from each heat except that for hydrogen determinations, one sample from each lot obtained after thermal and chemical processing is completed. An ingot analysis obtained from the alloy producer may be utilized to substantiate heat requirements. 4.3
45、.2 Tensile Properties One sample from each 1000 feet (305 m) or three samples from each lot, whichever is greater. 4.3.3 Microstructure One sample from each lot. 4.3.4 Pressure, Bend, and Flarability Tests Three samples from each lot: 4.3.4.1 Specimens for the flarability test (3.4.2) shall be full
46、tubes or sections cut from a tube. The end of the specimen to be flared shall be cut square, with the cut end smooth and free from burrs, but not rounded. 4.3.5 Flattening Test One sample from each 135 feet (41 m) of tubing or 10 samples from each lot, whichever is less. Each specimen shall be at le
47、ast 2 inches (51 mm) long, cut in half, with the cuts being parallel to the axis of the tube. 4.3.6 Ultrasonic Tests Each tube. 4.3.7 Surface Condition and Tolerances Each tube, except that ID surface inspection need only be made on each sample selected for the flattening test. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS
48、4943K Page 7 of 8 4.4 Approval Sample tubing or process sheets showing the process control factors for producing the tubing shall be approved by the purchaser before tubing for production use is supplied, unless such approval is waived by purchaser. 4.4.1 Producer shall establish parameters for the
49、process control factors which will produce tubing meeting the technical requirements of this specification. If necessary to make any change in parameters for the process control factors, producer shall submit, for reapproval, revised process sheets and, when requested, sample tubing. Tubing incorporating the revised operations shall not be shipped prior to receipt of reapproval. 4.4.1.1 Control facto
