1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board RulHVSURYLGHWKDW7KLVUHSRUWLVSXEOLVKHGE6$(WRDGYDQFHWK HVWDWHRIWHFKQLFDODQGHQJLQHHULQJVFLHQFHV7KHXVHRIWKLV report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arisLQJWKHUHIURPLVWKHVROHUHVSRQVLELOL
2、WRIWKHXVHU SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2016 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
3、 in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Em
4、ail: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS4946E AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS4946 REV. E Issued 2002-10 Revised 2016-06 Superseding AMS4946D Titanium
5、 Alloy Tubing, Seamless, Hydraulic 3Al - 2.5V, Texture Controlled Cold Worked, Stress Relieved (Composition similar to UNS R56320) RATIONALE AMS4946E is an update that adds an alternate surface finish that requires qualification to AS5620. 1. SCOPE 1.1 Form This specification covers a titanium alloy
6、 in the form of seamless tubing. 1.2 Application This tubing has been used typically for parts, such as hydraulic lines, requiring strength and oxidation resistance up to 600 F (316 C), and weldability, but usage is not limited to such applications. 1.3 Type and Class 1.3.1 Tubing, covered by this s
7、pecification, is classified by minimum yield strength as follows: Type I - Tubing with 105 ksi (724 MPa) minimum yield strength Type II - Tubing with 95 ksi (655 MPa) minimum yield strength Type III - Tubing with 70 ksi (433 MPa) minimum yield strength 1.3.2 Tubing, covered by this specification, is
8、 classified by surface finish treatment as follows: Class 1 Conventional acid pickling surface finish treatment Class 2 Alternate surface finish treatment (requires qualification to AS5620) 1.3.2.1 If no class is specified, Class 1 shall be supplied. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4946E Page 2 of 12 2. APPLIC
9、ABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document
10、has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside US
11、A), www.sae.org. AMS2244 Tolerances Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tubing AMS2249 Chemical Check Analysis Limits Titanium and Titanium Alloys AMS2634 Ultrasonic Inspection Thin Wall Metal Tubing AMS2750 Pyrometry AMS2809 Identification Titanium and Titanium Alloy Wrought Products ARP1917 Clarification
12、of Terms Used in Aerospace Metals Specifications AS4076 Contractile Strain Ratio Testing of Titanium Hydraulic Tubing AS5620 Titanium Hydraulic Tubing, Ti-3Al-2.5V Cold Worked and Stress Relieved, Up to 35,000 kPa (5080 psi) Requirements for Qualification Testing and Control AS33611 Tube Bend Radii
13、2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM E8/E8M Tension Testing of Metallic Materials ASTM E1409 Determination of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the I
14、nert Gas Fusion Technique ASTM E1447 Determination of Hydrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas Fusion Thermal Conductivity/Infrared Detection Method ASTM E1941 Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys ASTM E2371 Analysis of Titanium and Titanium All
15、oys by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively Coupled Atomic Emission Spectrometry 2.3 ASME Publications Available from ASME, P.O. Box 2900, 22 Law Drive, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900, Tel: 800-843-2763 (U.S./Canada), 001-800-843-2763 (Mexico), 973-882-1170 (outside North America), www.asme.org. ASME B46
16、.1 Surface Texture SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4946E Page 3 of 12 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Composition Shall conform to the percentages by weight shown in Table 1; carbon shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E1941, hydrogen in accordance with ASTM E1447, oxygen and nitrogen in accordance with A
17、STM E1409, and other elements in accordance with ASTM E2371. Other analytical methods may be used if acceptable to the purchaser. Table 1 - Composition Element min max Aluminum 2.50 3.50 Vanadium 2.00 3.00 Iron - 0.30 Oxygen - 0.12 Carbon - 0.05 Nitrogen - 0.020 (200 ppm) Hydrogen - 0.005 (50 ppm) Y
18、ttrium (3.1.1) - 0.005 (50 ppm) Other Elements, each (3.1.1) - 0.10 Other Elements, total (3.1.1) - 0.40 Titanium remainder 3.1.1 Determination not required for routine acceptance. 3.1.2 Check Analysis Composition variations shall meet the applicable requirements of AMS2249. 3.2 Melting Practice All
19、oy shall be multiple melted. The first melt shall be made by vacuum consumable electrode, nonconsumable electrode, electron beam cold hearth, or plasma arc cold hearth melting practice. The subsequent melt or melts shall be made under vacuum using vacuum arc remelting (VAR) practice. Alloy additions
20、 are not permitted in the final melt cycle. 3.2.1 The atmosphere for nonconsumable electrode melting shall be vacuum or shall be argon and/or helium at an absolute pressure not higher than 1000 mm of mercury. 3.2.2 The electrode tip for nonconsumable electrode melting shall be water-cooled copper. 3
21、.3 Condition Cold worked and stress relieved by heating to a temperature not lower than 700 F (371 C) and holding at heat for not less than 30 minutes. Tubing that is rotary straightened after final reduction shall be stress relieved at a minimum temperature of 700 F (371 C) for not less than 2 hour
22、s after straightening. Pyrometry shall be in accordance with AMS2750. 3.3.1 Furnaces shall meet the requirements of AMS2750. Furnaces shall be a minimum Class 5 (25 F/14 C) with a minimum of Type D instrumentation. 3.3.2 All heat treatment operations shall be performed in vacuum or inert gas. 3.4 Pr
23、operties Tubing shall conform to the following requirements: 3.4.1 Tensile Properties Shall be as shown in Table 2, determined in accordance with ASTM E8/E8M with the rate of strain set at 0.005 inch/inch/minute (0.005 mm/mm/minute) and maintained within a tolerance of 0.002 inch/inch/minute (0.002
24、mm/mm/minute) through the 0.2% offset yield strain. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4946E Page 4 of 12 Table 2 - Tensile values Type Property Value I Tensile Strength 125 to 142 ksi (862 to 979 MPa) Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset 105 ksi (724 MPa) Minimum Elongation in 2 Inches (50.4 mm) Nom. Dia. Up to 0.250 i
25、nch (6.35 mm), incl 10% Minimum Nom. Dia. Over 0.250 inch (6.35 mm) 14% Minimum II Tensile Strength 100 to 133 ksi (690 to 917 MPa) Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset 95 ksi (655 MPa) Minimum Elongation in 1 inch (6.35 mm) 13% Minimum III Tensile Strength 85 to 102 ksi (586 to 703 MPa) Yield Strength at
26、0.2% Offset 70 ksi (483 MPa) Minimum Elongation in 2 inches (50.8 mm) 15% Minimum 3.4.2 Flarability Specimens as in 4.3.3 shall withstand flaring at room temperature, without formation of cracks or other visible defects when examined at 10X magnification, by being forced axially, with a steady press
27、ure, over a hardened and polished tapered steel pin having a 74-degree included angle to produce a flare having a permanent expanded OD not less than 1.20 times the original nominal OD for Types I and II, and not less than 1.30 times the original nominal OD for Type III. 3.4.3 Pressure Testing Tubin
28、g shall show no bulges, leaks, pin holes, cracks, or other defects when subjected to an internal hydrostatic pressure (P) sufficient to cause a tensile stress equivalent to the minimum rated yield strength in the tubing wall, except that a diametric permanent set of 0.002 inch/inch (0.002 mm/mm) of
29、diameter is acceptable. The hydrostatic pressure (P) shall be determined from Equation 1: (Eq. 1) where: P = Test pressure in ksi (MPa) S = Minimum Yield Strength in ksi (MPa) D = Nominal OD d = Nominal ID 3.4.4 Bending Tubing shall not develop cracks, tears, breaks, or other flaws when bent 180 deg
30、rees around a suitable bend die having a centerline radius equal to three times the nominal OD of the tubing. A solid rotary ball-type retractable mandrel inserted to the tangent of the bend shall be used to support the inside of the tube during bending to restrict flattening to a value that does no
31、t exceed 3% of the nominal OD of the tube. Flatness shall be measured in accordance with AS33611. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4946E Page 5 of 12 3.4.5 Flattening The inside and outside surfaces of tubing shall show no cracks, tears, breaks, opened die marks, or opened polishing marks when a full section of
32、 the tube (minimum 2 inches (51 mm) long) is flattened between parallel plates under a load applied gradually and perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis until the distance between the plates is not greater than the flattening factors shown in Table 3. After examination of the outside surfaces, the
33、 samples shall be split longitudinally and the inside surfaces examined. Examination of tube surfaces shall be at 5 to 10X magnification. Additional standards shall be agreed upon by purchaser and producer for any tube sizes not listed in Table 3. When low D to t ratio tubular products are tested, b
34、ecause the strain imposed due to geometry in unusually high on the inside VXUIDFHDWWKHDQGRFORFNORFDWLRQVFUDFNVDWWKHVHORFDWLRQVVKDOO QRWEHFDXVHIRUUHMHFWLRQLIWKHWRWUDWLRis less than twelve (12). Table 3 - Flattening test Nominal Tube Outer Diameter Inch Nominal Tube Outer Diameter mm Nominal Tube Wall
35、 Thickness Inch Nominal Tube Wall Thickness mm Material Type Distance Between Plates Where t = Actual Wall Thickness 0.250 6.35 0.016 0.41 Type I 12t 0.250 6.35 0.016 0.41 Type II 9t 0.250 6.35 0.018 0.46 Type I 10t 0.250 6.35 0.020 0.51 Type I 10t 0.250 6.35 0.022 0.56 Type II 8t 0.250 6.35 0.022 0
36、.56 Type I 10t 0.250 6.35 0.028 0.71 Type I 8t 0.250 6.35 0.028 0.71 Type III 6t 0.313 7.95 0.020 0.51 Type I 12t 0.375 9.53 0.019 0.48 Type I 11t 0.375 9.53 0.020 0.51 Type I 13t 0.375 9.53 0.022 0.56 Type I 13t 0.375 9.53 0.028 0.71 Type I 10t 0.375 9.53 0.032 0.81 Type I 9t 0.375 9.53 0.038 0.97
37、Type I 9t 0.375 9.53 0.042 1.07 Type I 8t 0.500 12.70 0.020 0.51 Type I 14t 0.500 12.70 0.022 0.56 Type I 14t 0.500 12.70 0.026 0.66 Type I 13t 0.500 12.70 0.035 0.89 Type I 10t 0.500 12.70 0.042 1.07 Type I 9t 0.500 12.70 0.043 1.09 Type I 9t 0.500 12.70 0.051 1.27 Type I 8t 0.500 12.70 0.056 1.42
38、Type I 8t 0.625 15.88 0.020 0.51 Type I 16t 0.625 15.88 0.023 0.58 Type I 15t 0.625 15.88 0.027 0.68 Type I 14t 0.625 15.88 0.032 0.81 Type I 13t 0.625 15.88 0.035 0.89 Type I 12t 0.625 15.88 0.044 1.12 Type I 10t 0.625 15.88 0.052 1.30 Type I 9t 0.625 15.88 0.054 1.37 Type I 9t 0.625 15.88 0.071 1.
39、80 Type I 8t SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4946E Page 6 of 12 Table 3 - Flattening test (continued) Nominal Tube Outer Diameter Inch Nominal Tube Outer Diameter mm Nominal Tube Wall Thickness Inch Nominal Tube Wall Thickness mm Material Type Distance Between Plates Where t = Actual Wall Thickness 0.750 19.05
40、 0.020 0.51 Type I 17t 0.750 19.05 0.027 0.69 Type I 15t 0.750 19.05 0.039 0.99 Type I 12t 0.750 19.05 0.049 1.24 Type I 10t 0.750 19.05 0.052 1.32 Type I 10t 0.750 19.05 0.063 1.60 Type I 9t 0.750 19.05 0.065 1.65 Type I 9t 0.875 22.23 0.020 0.51 Type I 19t 0.875 22.23 0.032 0.81 Type I 14t 0.875 2
41、2.23 0.045 1.14 Type I 12t 0.875 22.23 0.050 1.27 Type I 11t 0.875 22.23 0.061 1.55 Type I 10t 1.000 25.40 0.020 0.51 Type I 20t 1.000 25.40 0.021 0.53 Type I 19t 1.000 25.40 0.028 0.97 Type I 17t 1.000 25.40 0.030 0.76 Type I 16t 1.000 25.40 0.035 0.89 Type I 15t 1.000 25.40 0.036 0.91 Type I 14t 1
42、.000 25.40 0.051 1.30 Type I 12t 1.000 25.40 0.070 1.78 Type I 10t 1.000 25.40 0.088 2.24 Type I 9t 1.000 25.40 0.140 3.56 Type I 7t 1.250 31.75 0.026 0.66 Type I 19t 1.250 31.75 0.028 0.71 Type I 18t 1.250 31.75 0.045 1.14 Type I 14t 1.250 31.75 0.046 1.17 Type I 14t 1.250 31.75 0.065 1.65 Type I 1
43、2t 1.250 31.75 0.070 1.78 Type I 12t 1.250 31.75 0.087 2.21 Type I 11t 1.500 38.10 0.032 0.81 Type I 18t 1.500 38.10 0.049 1.24 Type I 15t 1.500 38.10 0.054 1.37 Type I 14t 3.4.6 Microstructure Type I and Type II shall be predominantly an elongated wrought structure but some areas of partially trans
44、formed beta structure are acceptable. Type III shall be equiaxed wrought structure but some areas of partially transformed beta are acceptable. Standards shall be acceptable to purchaser unless standards for acceptance are specified by purchaser. Tubing shall be free of any oxygen-rich layer, such a
45、s alpha case (see 8.2), or other surface contamination, determined by microscopic examination at not lower than 400X magnification or by other method agreed upon by purchaser and producer. 3.4.7 Contractile Strain Ratio The contractile strain ratio (CSR) for Types I and II tubing, when tested in acc
46、ordance with AS4076, shall be between 1.3 and 3.5 for the tubing sizes with wall thicknesses indicated in Table 4. The CSR for tubing sizes indicated in Table 5 shall be between 1.5 and 3.5. Additional standards for acceptance may be agreed upon by purchaser and producer for any tube sizes not liste
47、d. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4946E Page 7 of 12 Table 4 - Tubing sizes for 1.3 - 3.5 contractile strain ratio Nominal OD Inches Nominal OD Millimeters Wall Thickness Inch Wall Thickness Millimeters 3/16 4.8 0.020 max 0.51 max 1/4 6.4 0.022 max 0.56 max 3/8 9.5 0.032 max 0.81 max 1/2 12.7 0.043 max 1.09 m
48、ax 5/8 15.9 0.054 max 1.37 max 3/4 19.0 0.065 max 1.65 max 7/8 22.2 0.077 max 1.96 max 1 25.4 0.088 max 2.24 max 1-1/4 31.8 0.071 and larger 1.80 and larger 1-1/2 38.1 0.066 and larger 1.68 and larger Table 5 - Tubing sizes for 1.5 - 3.5 contractile strain ratio Nominal OD Inches Nominal OD Millimeters Wall Thickness Inch Wall Thickness
