1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2015 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS5896B AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS5896 REV. B Issued 1994-06 Revised 2
5、010-08 Reaffirmed 2015-12 Superseding AMS5896A Steel, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Seamless or Welded Hydraulic Tubing 18.5Cr - 10.5Ni - 0.55Ti (321) Solution Heat Treated and Cold Drawn, 1/8 Hard Temper (Composition similar to UNS S32100) RATIONALE AMS5896B has been reaffirmed to comply with the S
6、AE five-year review policy. 1. SCOPE 1.1 Form This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant steel in the form of two types of thin-wall, close-tolerance aircraft hydraulic tubing. 1.2 Application This tubing has been used typically in high-pressure hydraulic or pneumatic systems assembled
7、 with brazed joints, but usage is not limited to such applications. 1.3 Classification Tubing covered by this specification is classified as follows: Type 1: Seamless and drawn Type 2: Welded and drawn 1.3.1 Unless a specific type is ordered, either type may be supplied. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The
8、issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled
9、and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS22
10、43 Tolerances, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant Steel Tubing AMS2248 Chemical Check Analysis Limits, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant Steels and Alloys, Maraging and Other Highly-Alloyed Steels, and Iron Alloys AMS2371 Quality Assurance Sampling and Testing, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant Steels and Alloys, W
11、rought Products and Forging Stock AMS2634 Ultrasonic Inspection, Thin Wall Metal Tubing AMS2807 Identification, Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant Steels and Alloys, Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Aircraft Tubing AMS-STD-753 Corrosion-Resistant Steel Parts: Sampling, Inspection, and
12、 Testing for Surface Passivation 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM A 262 Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels ASTM A 370 Mec
13、hanical Testing of Steel Products ASTM A 450/A 450M General Requirements for Carbon, Ferritic Alloy, and Austenitic Alloy Steel Tubes (Metric) ASTM E 112 Determining Average Grain Size ASTM E 353 Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloys
14、ASTM E 426 Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Austenitic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys ASTM E 1417 Liquid Penetrant Testing 2.3 ANSI Publications Available from American National Standards Institute, Inc., 25 West 43rdStreet, New York, NY 10036-8
15、002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ANSI B46.1 Surface Texture SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS5896B Page 2 of 8_ 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Composition Shall conform to the percentages by weight shown in Table 1, determined by wet chemical methods in accordance with ASTM E 353, by spectrochemical methods
16、, or by other analytical methods acceptable to purchaser. TABLE 1 - COMPOSITION Element min max Carbon Manganese Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chromium Nickel Titanium Molybdenum Copper Nitrogen - - - - - 17.00 9.00 5x(C+N) - - - 0.08 2.00 1.00 0.040 0.030 20.00 12.00 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.10 3.1.1 Check Ana
17、lysis Composition variations shall meet the applicable requirements of AMS2248. 3.2 Condition Solution heat treated, cold drawn, pickled as required, and passivated. Tensile properties shall be obtained by cold working and not by heat treatment. 3.3 Fabrication 3.3.1 Type 1 Tubing shall be produced
18、by a seamless process. 3.3.2 Type 2 Tubing shall be produced by the gas-metal-arc, gas-tungsten-arc, or plasma arc process and subsequently drawn. Tubing shall contain no more than one longitudinal weld and no circumferential welds. Tubing shall be processed to remove any dimensional indication of t
19、he presence of welds. A minimum reduction of 30 percent is recommended for Type 2 tubing. 3.3.3 The external and internal surface finishes shall not be rougher than 32 microinches (0.8 m) and 63 microinches (1.6 m) respectively, determined in accordance with ANSI B 46.1 and may be produced by any me
20、thod yielding the specified surface condition that will not affect limits of wall thickness or corrosion resistance, except centerless grinding is not acceptable. A light polish to improve surface appearance may be employed. 3.4 Properties Tubing shall conform to the following requirements; tensile
21、and bend testing shall be performed in accordance with ASTM A 370: SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS5896B Page 3 of 8_ 3.4.1 Tensile Properties Shall be as shown in Table 2 and specified in 3.4.1.1. TABLE 2 - TENSILE PROPERTIES Property Value Tensile Strength Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset Elongation in 2 Inches
22、 (50.8 mm), min Full Section Strip 105 to 140 ksi (724 to 965 MPa) 75.0 to 110 ksi (517 to 758 MPa) 20% 15% 3.4.1.1 Tubing under 0.50 inch (12.7 mm) in nominal OD and having wall thickness of 0.02 inch (0.5 mm) or under may have elongation as low as 16% when tested in full section. 3.4.2 Bending Tub
23、ing shall show no evidence of cracking or splitting when bent cold around a suitable mandrel of a diameter equal to the bend factor shown in Table 3 times the nominal OD. During test, flattening shall not exceed 5 percent of the minimum OD. An appropriate internal mandrel may be used. For Type 2 tub
24、ing, the weld shall be at the outside of the bend. A suitable etchant may be used to locate the weld. TABLE 3 - BENDING PARAMETERS Nominal OD Inches Nominal OD Millimeters Bend Factor Up to 1.00, incl Over 1.00 to 1.75, incl Over 1.75 to 2.00, incl Up to 25.4, incl Over 25.4 to 44.5, incl Over 44.5
25、to 50.8, incl 3 4 5 3.4.2.1 Flattening during testing is defined in the following equation: % Flatteningmax OD min OD()nominal OD-100=3.4.3 Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack Specimens from tubing, after sensitizing treatment, shall pass the intergranular corrosion test performed in accordance w
26、ith ASTM A 262, Practice E. After exposure, tubing shall be tested in accordance with the flattening test requirements of ASTM A 450/ASTM A 450M. Samples shall be taken from tubing after final annealing but may be taken prior to cold working. 3.4.4 Average Grain Size Shall be ASTM No. 6 or finer, de
27、termined in accordance with ASTM E 112. In case of dispute, the Heyn Intercept method of ASTM E 112 shall be used. 3.4.5 Passivity Surfaces shall show no reactions indicating active surfaces when subjected to either the copper sulfate test or the potassium ferrocyanide-nitric acid test defined in AM
28、S-STD-753. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS5896B Page 4 of 8_ 3.4.6 Pressure Resistance When specified, tubing shall show no bulges, leaks, pinholes, cracks, or other defects when subjected to an internal hydrostatic pressure (P), except that a diametric permanent set of 0.002 inch/inch (0.002 mm/mm) of diamet
29、er is acceptable. Hydrostatic pressure (P) shall be determined by the following equation: PSD2d2()D2d2+()-=where: P = Hydrostatic pressure in ksi (MPa) S = 75.0 ksi (517 MPa) yield strength D = Nominal OD (nominal OD plus tolerance) d = Nominal ID (nominal OD minus twice minimum wall thickness) 3.4.
30、7 Flarability Specimens as in 4.3.1 shall withstand flaring at room temperature, without formation of cracks or other visible defects, by being forced axially with steady pressure over a hardened and polished tapered steel pin having a 74-degree included angle to produce a flare having the permanent
31、 expanded OD not less than shown in Table 4. TABLE 4A - FLARABILITY, INCH/POUND UNITS Nominal OD Inches Expanded OD Inches 0.125 0.188 0.250 0.312 0.375 0.500 0.625 0.750 1.000 1.250 1.500 1.750 2.000 0.200 0.302 0.359 0.421 0.484 0.656 0.781 0.937 1.187 1.500 1.721 2.106 2.356 TABLE 4B - FLARABILIT
32、Y, SI UNITS Nominal OD Millimeters Expanded OD Millimeters 3.18 4.78 6.35 7.92 9.52 12.70 15.88 19.05 25.40 31.75 38.10 44.45 50.80 5.08 7.67 9.12 10.69 12.29 16.66 19.84 23.80 30.15 38.10 43.71 53.49 59.84 SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS5896B Page 5 of 8_ 3.4.7.1 Tubing with nominal OD between any two standa
33、rd sizes given in Table 4 shall take the same percentage flare as shown for the larger of the two sizes. 3.5 Quality Tubing, as received by purchaser, shall be uniform in quality and condition and shall have a finish conforming to the best practice for high quality aircraft tubing. It shall be smoot
34、h and free from heavy scale or oxide, burrs, seams, tears, grooves, laminations, slivers, pits, or other imperfections detrimental to usage of the tubing. 3.5.1 Mechanically-induced isolated minor surface imperfections, such as handling marks or straightening marks, light mandrel or die marks, shall
35、 not exceed the values shown in Table 5. TABLE 5A - MAXIMUM DEPTH OF DISCONTINUITY, INCH/POUND UNITS Nominal Wall Thickness Inch Depth of Discontinuity Inch Up to 0.020, incl Over 0.020 to 0.030, incl Over 0.030 to 0.040, incl Over 0.040 to 0.074, incl 10% of nominal wall thickness 0.002 0.0025 0.00
36、3 TABLE 5B - MAXIMUM DEPTH OF DISCONTINUITY, SI UNITS Nominal Wall Thickness Millimeters Depth of Discontinuity Millimeter Up to 0.51, incl Over 0.51 to 0.76, incl Over 0.76 to 1.02, incl Over 1.02 to 1.88, incl 10% of nominal wall thickness 0.05 0.064 0.08 3.5.1.1 Discontinuities having large root
37、radii plainly visible to the unaided eye, whose surfaces blend into the nominal tubing surfaces and whose depths do not exceed the maximum depth of acceptable discontinuity or violate wall thickness tolerances, are acceptable. Other surface discontinuities shall be removed by polishing or buffing wi
38、thin the limits of wall thickness tolerances or maximum depth of acceptable discontinuity. 3.5.2 Tubing shall be free from grease or other foreign matter. Metallic flakes or particles shall not be collected on a clean white cloth drawn through the length of the bore of a test sample. Discoloration o
39、f the cloth, without the presence of flakes or particles, is acceptable. 3.5.3 When standards for acceptance are specified by purchaser, tubing shall be subjected to fluorescent penetrant testing in accordance with ASTM E 1417. 3.5.4 Type 1 tubing shall be subjected to eddy current inspection in acc
40、ordance with ASTM E 426 using calibration notches specified in ASTM A 450 or ASTM A 450M except that the standard used shall contain simulated flaws not greater than those shown in Table 5. 3.5.5 Type 2 tubing shall be subjected to ultrasonic inspection in accordance with AMS2634, Class A1. 3.6 Tole
41、rances Shall conform to all applicable requirements of AMS2243 as applicable to half tolerances. 4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS 4.1 Responsibility for Inspection The vendor of tubing shall supply all samples for vendors tests and shall be responsible for the performance of all required tests. Purch
42、aser reserves the right to sample and to perform any confirmatory testing deemed necessary to ensure that the tubing conforms to specified requirements. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS5896B Page 6 of 8_ 4.2 Classification of Tests 4.2.1 Acceptance Tests Composition (3.1), surface finish (3.3.3), tensile prope
43、rties (3.4.1), bending (3.4.2), average grain size (3.4.4), flarability (3.4.7), quality (3.5), eddy current (3.5.4), ultrasonic inspection (3.5.5), and tolerances (3.6) are acceptance tests and shall be performed on each heat, lot, or tube as applicable. 4.2.2 Periodic Tests Susceptibility to inter
44、granular attack (3.4.3), passivity (3.4.5), and pressure resistance (3.4.6) are periodic tests and shall be performed at a frequency selected by the vendor unless frequency of testing is specified by purchaser. 4.3 Sampling and Testing Shall be in accordance with AMS2371 and the following; a lot sha
45、ll be all tubing of the same type and of one size, made from one heat of steel, and manufactured and presented for vendors inspection at one time. 4.3.1 Each tube shall be tested for flarability. The end of the tube shall be cut square with the tube end smooth and free from burrs, but not rounded. F
46、lared ends need not be removed after test. 4.3.2 When pressure resistance test is specified, the unsupported length shall not be less than 2 feet (610 mm) or six times the nominal OD, whichever is greater. 4.3.3 Each length of tubing shall be visually examined for compliance to surface condition (3.
47、3.3) and quality (3.5). 4.3.4 Sampling for dimensional tolerances shall be as shown in Table 6. The tubing shall be measured at three orientations, 60 degrees apart, at one end of each tube. TABLE 6 - SAMPLING FOR DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES Lot Size Sample Size 1 to 3 4 to 25 26 to 65 66 to 180 181 to 300 301 to 800 Over 800 All 4 6 13 20 32 50 4.3.4.1 If any tube fails to meet dimensional requirements, the entire lot shall be inspected at both ends of each tube. 4.3.5
