1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2015 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMSQQN290C AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS-QQ-N-290 REV. C Issued 2000-07 Ca
5、ncelled 2007-03 Revised 2015-07 Superseding AMS-QQ-N-290B Nickel Plating (Electrodeposited) RATIONALE This Revision is the result of a 5 year review for technical currency - update and to harmonize with Government and Industry standards. Numerous updates and changes have been made in the areas of hy
6、drogen embrittlement prevention, control and test methodologies to align with standard practices and procedures contained within other AMS specifications and standards. NOTICE The original issue of this document was taken directly from U.S. Military Specification QQ-N-290A and contained only minor e
7、ditorial and format changes required to bring it into conformance with the publishing requirements of SAE technical standards. The initial release of AMS-QQ-N-290 is intended to replace QQ-N-290A. Any part numbers established by the original specification remain unchanged. The original Military Spec
8、ification was adopted as an SAE standard under the provisions of the SAE Technical Standards Board (TSB) Rules and Regulations (TSB 001) pertaining to accelerated adoption of government specifications and standards. TSB rules provide for (a) the publication of portions of unrevised government specif
9、ications and standards without consensus voting at the SAE Committee level, and (b) the use of the existing government specification or standard format. Under Department of Defense policies and procedures, any qualification requirements and associated qualified products lists are mandatory for DOD c
10、ontracts. Any requirement relating to qualified products lists (QPLs) has not been adopted by SAE and is not part of this SAE technical document. NOTICE ORDERING INFORMATION: The following information shall be provided to the plating processor by the purchaser. 1. Purchase order shall specify not le
11、ss than the following: AMS-QQ-N-290C Class of plating (See 1.2.1) Grade of Class 1 plating if applicable (See 1.2.2) Basis metal to be plated SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS-QQ-N-290C Page 2 of 12 Tensile strength or hardness of the basis metal Preplate stress relief to be performed by plating processor (time
12、 and temperature) if different from 3.2.2 Underplating required of Class 1 plating if required (See 3.2.5) Control Record if required (4.3.1) Sampling plan (See 4.4.2) Number of samples for destructive testing (See 4.4.3) Special features, geometry or processing present on parts that requires specia
13、l attention by the plating processor Hydrogen embrittlement relief to be performed by plating processor (parameters or reference document) if different from 3.2.11 If plating is subject to mild or moderate service conditions (See Table 4, Note 2) Quantity of pieces to be plated 2. Parts manufacturin
14、g operations such as heat treating, forming, joining and media finishing can affect the condition of the substrate for plating, or, if performed after plating, could adversely affect the plated part. The sequencing of these types of operations should be specified by the cognizant engineering organiz
15、ation or purchaser and is not controlled by this specification. 1. SCOPE 1.1 Form These products have been used typically for electrodeposited nickel plating on steel, copper and copper alloys, and zinc and zinc alloys, but usage is not limited to such applications. 1.2 Classification 1.2.1 Classes
16、Electrodeposited nickel plating covered by this specification shall be of the following classes, as specified: Class 1 - Corrosion protective plating Class 2 - Engineering plating 1.2.2 Grades Class 1 plating shall be of the following grades, as specified: Grade A - 0.0016 inch thick Grade B - 0.001
17、2 inch thick Grade C - 0.0010 inch thick Grade D - 0.0008 inch thick Grade E - 0.0006 inch thick Grade F - 0.0004 inch thick Grade G - 0.0002 inch thick SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS-QQ-N-290C Page 3 of 12 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase ord
18、er forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue o
19、f that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS2750 Pyrometry AMS2759/9 Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief (Baking) of Steel
20、Parts 2.2 U.S. Government Publications Copies of these documents are available online at http:/quicksearch.dla.mil. MIL-DTL-5002 SurfaceTreatments and Inorganic Coatings for Metal Surfaces of Weapons Systems MIL-STD-1916 DoD Preferred Methods for Acceptance of Product 2.3 ASTM Publications Available
21、 from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM B487 Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thickness by Microscopic Examination of a Cross Section ASTM B504 Measurement of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by the C
22、oulometric Method ASTM B529 Measurement of Coating Thickness by the Eddy Current Test Method; Non-Conductive Coating on Non-Magnetic Basis Metals ASTM B530 Measurement of Coating Thickness by the Magnetic Method: Electrodeposited Nickel Coatings on Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Substrates ASTM B568 Measu
23、rement of Coating Thickness by X-Ray Spectrometry ASTM B571 Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic Coatings ASTM E376 Measuring Coating Thickness by Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Testing Methods ASTM F519 Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation of Plating/Coating Processes
24、and Service Environments 2.4 Other Publications ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes 3. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Materials The materials used shall be such as to produce platings which meet the requirements of this specification. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS-QQ-N-290C Page 4 of
25、 12 3.2 General Requirements 3.2.1 High Tensile Strength Steel Parts Unless otherwise specified, steel parts having an ultimate tensile strength greater than 240 000 psi (HRC48) shall not be plated without specific approval of the cognizant engineering organization (See 6.4.3). 3.2.2 Stress Relief T
26、reatment 3.2.2.1 All steel parts having a hardness of 40 HRC and above and that are machined, ground, cold formed or cold straightened after heat treatment shall be cleaned to remove surface contamination and thermally stress relieved before plating. (Residual tensile stresses have been found to be
27、damaging during electroplating). Furnaces used for stress relief shall be controlled per AMS2750; the minimum requirements shall be Class 5 and Type D Instrumentation. Temperatures to which parts are heated shall be such that stress relief is obtained while still maintaining hardness of parts within
28、 drawing limits. Unless otherwise specified, the following treatment temperatures and times shall be used: 3.2.2.1.1 For parts, excluding nitrided parts, having a hardness of 55 HRC and above, and for carburized and induction hardened parts, stress relieve at 275 F 25 (135 C 14) for 5 to 10 hours. 3
29、.2.2.1.2 For parts having a hardness less than 55 HRC, and for nitrided parts, stress relieve at 375 F 25 (191 C 14) for a minimum of 4 hours. Higher temperatures shall be used only when specified or approved by the cognizant engineering organization. 3.2.2.1.3 For peened parts: If stress relief tem
30、peratures above 375 F (191 C) are elected, the stress relieve shall be performed prior to peening or the cognizant engineering organization shall be consulted and shall approve the stress relief temperature. 3.2.3 Cleaning Unless otherwise specified, all steel parts shall be cleaned in accordance wi
31、th MIL-S-5002. Other basis metals shall be cleaned by methods which shall not damage the substrate and shall not interfere with adhesion of the deposit (See 6.5). 3.2.4 Plating Application Unless otherwise specified, the plating shall be applied after all basis metal heat treatments and mechanical o
32、perations such as machining, brazing, welding, forming and perforating of the article have been completed. 3.2.4.1 On aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, and their alloys and corrosion resistant steels or similarly passive materials, a preliminary chemical coating, immersion plate and/or flash acceptabl
33、e to the cognizant engineering organization is permissible. 3.2.5 Underplating When specified in the contract, purchase order or applicable drawing, Class 1 plating shall be applied over a plating of copper on steels, copper and copper based alloys. Class 1 plating shall be applied over an underplat
34、ing of copper or yellow brass on zinc and zinc based alloys. In no case, shall the copper underplate (See 3.3.1.1.2 and Table 1) be substituted for any part of the specified nickel thickness. 3.2.6 Class 1 Processing Parts for Class 1 deposition shall be plated to specific dimensions as specified (S
35、ee 3.3.1.1). When specified, parts shall be processed in accordance with procedural instructions for form of nickel deposit (See Table 4). 3.2.7 Class 2 Processing Parts for Class 2 deposition shall be plated to specific dimensions as specified (See 3.3.1.2). When specified, parts shall be processed
36、 in accordance with procedural instructions of the cognizant engineering organization. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS-QQ-N-290C Page 5 of 12 3.2.8 Coverage Unless otherwise specified, the plating shall cover all surfaces including roots of threads, corners and recesses. 3.2.9 Boundaries Boundaries of Class 2
37、 plating which cover only a portion of the surface shall be free from beads, nodules, jagged edges and other irregularities. 3.2.10 Surface Finish Unless otherwise specified, either a fully bright, semi-bright or dull shall be acceptable. 3.2.11 Embrittlement Relief Steel parts plated to this specif
38、ication shall be subjected to a hydrogen embrittlement relief bake in accordance with AMS2759/9. The baked parts, when tested in accordance with 4.5.3, shall not crack or fail by fracture. Plated springs and other parts subject to flexture or stress, shall not be flexed prior to the hydrogen embritt
39、lement relief. The following alloys are not considered susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement from the nickel plating process and do not require the hydrogen embrittlement relief bake a. UNS S66286 (A286 alloy) UNS N07718 (Inconel 718) UNS R30159 (MP-159 alloy) , UNS R30035 (MP-35N alloy), UNS N04400
40、 (Monel 400 alloy), UNS N06600 (Inconel 600), UNS N07750 (Inconel X750), b. 300 series stainless steels (18-8 stainless steels) c. Aluminum, copper and their alloys 3.3 Detail Requirements 3.3.1 Thickness of Plating 3.3.1.1 Class 1 Unless otherwise specified, the minimum thickness of Class 1 nickel
41、plating shall be as specified in Table 1 on all visible surfaces which can be touched by a ball 0.75 inch (19 mm) in diameter. All other surfaces which cannot be touched by the 0.75 inch (19 mm) diameter ball shall not be less than the minimum thickness specified in Table 1. 3.3.1.1.1 Unless otherwi
42、se specified, the minimum nickel plating for ferrous materials or for zinc and zinc base alloys shall be Grade C. Unless otherwise specified, the minimum nickel plating for copper and copper alloys shall be Grade D. If the maximum thickness for Grade A is not specified in the contract, order or appl
43、icable drawing, the thickness shall not exceed 0.0020 inch (51 micrometers) on all visible surfaces which can be touched by the 0.75 inch (19 mm) diameter ball. 3.3.1.1.2 Underplate When an underplate is employed (See 3.2.5), the thickness of the copper or other copper base alloy shall be as specifi
44、ed in Table 1. The thickness of the underplate shall not be used in the determination of the specified nickel plating thickness. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS-QQ-N-290C Page 6 of 12 Table 1 - Minimum thickness of class 1 nickel plating Basis Metal Plating Thickness Steels 1/, Zinc and Zinc Alloys 2/ - Coati
45、ng Grade Copper and Copper Alloys 3/ - Coating Grade Surface touched by 0.75 inch dia. All (See 3.3.1.1) All other surfaces 5/ Inch-Min. Equiv.- Micro-meters 4/ (approx.) Inch-Min. Equiv.- Micro-meters 4/ (approx.) A B C D E F - - B C D E F G 0.0016 0.0012 0.0010 0.0008 0.0006 0.0004 0.0002 40 30 25
46、 20 15 10 5 0.0012 0.0010 0.0008 0.0006 0.0004 0.0002 0.0001 30 25 20 15 10 5 3 1/ Copper underplate shall be 0.0002 inch minimum. May range to 0.0010 inch depending on thickness of nickel plating. Use of extremely thin strikes may cause operational difficulties. 2/ Zinc and zinc alloys shall have a
47、 copper underplate of 0.0002 inch minimum thickness. 3/ Copper alloys containing zinc equal to or greater than 40% shall have a copper underplate of 0.0003 inch minimum thickness. 4/ 0.001 inch = 1 mil = 25.4 micrometers (microns). 5/ Threads, holes, deep recesses, bases of angles and similar areas.
48、 3.3.1.2 Class 2 The thickness for Class 2 nickel plating shall be as specified in the contract, purchase order or on the applicable drawing. If a thickness is not specified, it shall be 0.002 to 0.003 inch (0.051 to 0.076 mm) for the finished part. The thickness requirement for Class 2 plating shal
49、l apply after all metal finishing operations have been completed. 3.3.2 Adhesion The adhesion of the nickel plating and any undercoat or nickel layers shall be such that when examined at a magnification of 4-10X magnification neither the nickel plating, any layers of nickel plating nor any electrodeposited undercoat shall show separation from the basis metal or from each other at their common interf
