1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2016 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMSQQP416E AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS-QQ-P-416 REV. E Issued 2000-07 Re
5、vised 2016-01 Superseding AMS-QQ-P-416D Plating, Cadmium (Electrodeposited) RATIONALE Revision E of AMS-QQ-P-416 corrects the errors in Table 1a and removes the “24 hours minimum” from the drying time requirement of 3.2.8.1. NOTICE ORDERING INFORMATION: The following information shall be provided to
6、 the plating processor by the purchaser. 1. Purchase order shall specify not less than the following: AMS-QQ-P-416E Type (see 1.1.1) Class (see 1.1.2) Lot hydrogen embrittlement testing if required (see 4.4.2) and sampling (see 4.4.2.3) Basis metal to be plated Tensile strength or hardness of the ba
7、sis metal (see 5.2.5) Preplate stress relief to be performed by plating processor (time and temperature) if different from 3.2.1 Special features, geometry or processing present on parts that requires special attention by the plating processor Hydrogen embrittlement relief to be performed by plating
8、 processor (parameters or reference document) if different from 3.3.4 Quantity of pieces to be plated. 2. Parts manufacturing operations such as heat treating, forming, joining and media finishing can affect the condition of the substrate for plating, or, if performed after plating, could adversely
9、affect the plated part. The sequencing of these types of operations should be specified by the cognizant engineering organization or purchaser and is not controlled by this specification. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS-QQ-P-416E Page 2 of 16 1. SCOPE This specification covers the requirements for electrodepo
10、sited cadmium plating. 1.1 Classification Cadmium plating shall be of the following types and classes, as specified (see Ordering Information): 1.1.1 Types I - As plated II - With supplementary chromate treatment (see 3.2.8.1) III - With supplementary phosphate treatment (see 3.2.8.2). 1.1.2 Classes
11、 1 - 0.0005 inch, minimum 2 - 0.0003 inch, minimum 3 - 0.0002 inch, minimum. 1.2 Safety-Hazardous Materials While the materials, methods, applications, and processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does not address the haza
12、rds which may be involved in such use. It is the sole responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous materials and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of
13、the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no su
14、perseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS2750 Pyr
15、ometry 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM B117 Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus ASTM B244 Measurement of Thickness of Anodic Coatings on Aluminum and of other Nonco
16、nductive Coatings on Nonmagnetic Basis Metals with Eddy-Current Instruments ASTM B487 Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thicknesses by Microscopical Examination of a Cross Section ASTM B499 Measurement of Coating Thicknesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on Magnetic Basis Metals
17、ASTM B504 Measurement of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by the Coulometric Method ASTM B567 Measurement of Coating Thickness by the Beta Backscatter Method SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS-QQ-P-416E Page 3 of 16 ASTM B568 Measurement of Coating Thickness by X-Ray Spectrometry ASTM B571 Qualitative Adhesion Tes
18、ting of Metallic Coatings ASTM E29 Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications ASTM E376 Measuring Coating Thickness by Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Testing Methods ASTM F519 Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation of Plating/Coating Pr
19、ocesses and Service Environments 2.3 U.S. Government Publications Copies of these documents are available online at http:/quicksearch.dla.mil. TT-C-490 Cleaning Methods for Ferrous Surfaces and Pretreatments for Organic Coatings MIL-DTL-5002 Surface Treatments and Inorganic Coatings for Metal Surfac
20、es of Weapons Systems MIL-STD-1916 DoD Preferred Methods of Acceptance of Product 2.4 AIA Publications Available from Aerospace Industries Association, 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, Tel: 703-358-1000, www.aia-aerospace.org. NASM1312-1 Fastener Test Methods - Method 1,
21、Salt Spray NASM1312-5 Fastener Test Methods - Method 5, Stress Durability NASM1312-12 Fastener Test Methods - Method 12, Thickness of Metallic Coatings NASM1312-14 Fastener Test Methods - Method 14, Stress Durability, Internally Threaded 3. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Materials The materials used shall be such
22、 as to produce platings that meet the requirements of this specification. 3.1.1 Inventory Items in inventory that were plated prior to the issuance of this amendment may be used until the supply is exhausted. 3.2 General Requirements Unless otherwise specified (see Ordering Information) parts having
23、 an ultimate tensile strength of greater than 200 ksi (or HRC 43) shall not be plated in accordance with this specification. 3.2.1 Preplate Stress Relief Steel parts which have been machined, ground, cold-formed, or cold-straightened after heat treatment, shall be stress relieved in accordance with
24、Table 1 or Table 1A, as applicable. Stress relief shall precede shot peening, cleaning, and plating for relief of damaging residual tensile stresses. Stress relief is not required for fasteners if all cold working is limited to cold working of the head-to-shank fillet and thread rolling after heat t
25、reatment. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS-QQ-P-416E Page 4 of 16 3.2.2 Cleaning All parts shall be cleaned in accordance with MIL-DTL-5002. Fasteners heat treated to 160 ksi (or 36 HRC) or above, shall be cleaned in accordance with MIL-DTL-5002 and the following: a. Abrasive cleaning shall be used for removal
26、 of heat treat scale and oxidation as applicable (pickling is not permitted). b. Alkaline cleaning shall be used as applicable with anodic (reverse) current or no current. Cathodic (direct) current cleaning with the part serving as the cathode shall not be used. c. A clean water rinse shall be used
27、as applicable following each cleaning or plating operation. d. Surface activation of the part in an inhibited acid is acceptable for purposes of plating adhesion. 3.2.3 Plating Application The plating shall be applied after all basis metal heat treatments and mechanical operations, such as machining
28、, brazing, welding, forming and perforating of the article, have been completed. 3.2.4 Underplating Cadmium shall be deposited on the basis metal without a preliminary plating of other metal, except in the case of parts made of corrosion resistant alloys on which a preliminary plating of nickel or c
29、opper may be necessary, or on parts made of aluminum on which a preliminary treatment, such as the zincate process or preliminary plating of copper or electroless nickel, may be necessary. 3.2.5 Coverage The plating shall cover all surfaces as stated in 3.3.1, including roots of threads, corners, an
30、d recesses. 3.2.6 Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief Treatment All parts shall be baked within 4 hours after the plating operation is completed as specified in Table 1 or Table 1A, as applicable. Plated springs and other parts subject to flexure shall not be flexed prior to hydrogen embrittlement relief
31、treatment. In the case of Types II and III treated parts which require baking, the baking treatment shall be done prior to the application of the supplementary coatings. Cadmium plated surfaces passivated as a result of the baking operation shall be reactivated prior to receiving the Type II supplem
32、entary chromate treatment (see 5.5). The following alloys are not considered susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement from the cadmium plating process, and therefore do not require the hydrogen embrittlement relief treatment (see Tables 1 and 1A), or the hydrogen embrittlement relief test of 3.3.4: a.
33、UNS S66286, UNS N07718, UNS R30159, UNS R30035, UNS N04400, UNS N06600, UNS N07750 b. 300 series austenitic stainless steels c. Aluminum, and aluminum alloys. 3.2.6.1 Baking Procedure Control The bake furnace pyrometry shall conform to AMS2750. All parts shall be baked continuously at temperature, w
34、ithin the specified range. Interruptions for loading and unloading parts shall be permitted provided the time between the opening of the furnace door, and the re-establishment of the specified baking temperature, is not used to determine the total cumulative bake time. The specified baking temperatu
35、re shall be considered to be re-established when all control, indicating and recording thermocouples reach the specified baking temperature. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS-QQ-P-416E Page 5 of 16 3.2.7 Luster The use of brightening agents, or other additives which produce brightened deposits in the plating so
36、lution, is prohibited on components with a specified heat treatment of 180 ksi minimum tensile strength (or 40 HRC) and higher. Either a bright (not caused by brightening agents) or dull luster shall be acceptable. Brighteners may be used with the alloys listed in 3.2.6. Use of brighteners is allowe
37、d for those alloys listed in 3.2.6 that do not require embrittlement relief treatment. 3.2.7.1 Use of Brighteners with Bearings The use of brighteners is permitted for annular bearings. For rod end bearing bodies, track roller studs, and end washers of needle track roller bearings, the amount of bri
38、ghtener added to the plating bath shall be limited to 20% of the normal charge. 3.2.8 Supplementary Treatments The cadmium plating shall be Type II on parts that will not subsequently be completely coated and Type III on parts that will subsequently be completely coated (see 5.2.2 and 5.2.3). 3.2.8.
39、1 Chromate Treatment The chromate treatment required for conversion to Type II shall be a treatment in or with an aqueous solution of salts, acids, or both, to produce a continuous smooth, distinct protective film, distinctly colored iridescent bronze to brown including olive drab, yellow, and fores
40、t green. The articles so treated shall be thoroughly rinsed and dried in accordance with the requirements of the process used (see 5.2.2.2). Usual chromic and nitric acid bright dips for cadmium are not chromate treatments. 3.2.8.2 Phosphate Treatment The phosphate treatment required for conversion
41、to Type III shall produce a tightly adherent film conforming to Type I of TT-C-490. 3.3 Detail Requirements 3.3.1 Thickness of Plating a. For surfaces that can be touched by a sphere 0.75 inches in diameter, including external threads, the minimum thickness of cadmium plating shall be as specified f
42、or each class in 1.1.2. If not specified, the maximum shall be the minimum plus 0.0003 inch. b. For internally threaded parts, a maximum limit of 0.0005 inch above the minimum shall be allowed on the external surfaces. c. For surfaces that cannot be touched by a 0.75 inch sphere, including internal
43、threads, no thickness requirements are established, but such areas shall show evidence of coating. There shall be no bare areas, except for areas beyond a hole depth of 2.5 times the hole diameter (see 5.2.1.1.2). d. The plating thickness shall be uniform in thickness on surfaces that can be touched
44、 by a 0.75 inch sphere except that slight buildup on exterior corners and edges will be permitted provided the finished engineering drawing dimensions are met. e. The preliminary plating shall be considered part of the cadmium plating thickness requirement. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS-QQ-P-416E Page 6 of
45、16 3.3.2 Adhesion The adhesion of the plating shall be such that when examined at a magnification of 4-10X, the plating shall not show separation from the basis metal nor from any underplating at the interface, nor shall any underplate show separation from the basis metal at the interface when subje
46、cted to the tests described in 4.6.2 and Table 2. The interface between the underplate and the basis metal is the surface before plating. The formation of cracks in the plating caused by rupture of the basis metal, the underplate or combination of both which do not result in flaking, peeling or blis
47、tering of the plating shall not be considered as nonconformance to this requirement. 3.3.3 Corrosion Resistance Type II areas required to be covered (see 3.3.1) shall not show white corrosion products of cadmium, pitting, or basis metal corrosion products at the end of 96 hours when tested by contin
48、uous exposure to the salt spray in accordance with 4.6.3 and Table 2. The appearance of corrosion products visible to the unaided eye shall be cause for rejection, except that white corrosion products at the edges of specimens (see 4.5.2) shall not constitute failure. 3.3.4 Hydrogen Embrittlement Re
49、lief Test Hydrogen embrittlement testing is required for parts heat treated to 160 ksi (or 36 HRC) or above, but is not required for bearings, except rod end bearing bodies, track roller bearing studs, and end washers on needle track roller bearings. Unless otherwise specified in the product specification or drawing, testing shall be in accordance with 4.6.4 as specified in 4.4.2.3 and 4.4.3. Rod end bearing bodies, t
