1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2010 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication ma
3、y be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside US
4、A) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/ARP1088BAEROSPACERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEARP1088 REV. B Issued 1970-12 Revised 2010-11Superseding AR
5、P1088A (R) Aircraft Indicating Systems RATIONALEThis standard has been revised to incorporate Night Vision Imaging System (NVIS) lighting, to update the stated requirements, and to provide elaboration as needed. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This ARP is intended to cover the warning, caution and advisory indicating
6、system required for commercial and military aerospace vehicles. 1.2 The purpose of this ARP is to recommend certain basic considerations which the design engineer should observe when designing a visual warning indicating system. It is recognized that many types of warning indicators and systems are
7、available for the designer to use. This ARP does not recommend any specific system but outlines design and installation requirements. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The
8、applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and
9、 regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.AS18012 Markings for Aircrew Station Displays, De
10、sign and Configuration of AS25050 Colors, Aeronautical Lights and Lighting Equipment, General Requirements For APR4012/4 Flight Deck Alerting System (FAS) ARP4105 Nomenclature and Abbreviations for Use on the Flight Deck AS425C Nomenclature and Abbreviations for Use on the Flight Deck ARP4103 Flight
11、 Deck Lighting for Commercial Transport Aircraft Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP1088B Page 2 of 62.2 U.S. Government Documents Available from the Document Automation and Produ
12、ction Service (DAPS), Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Tel: 215-697-6257, http:/assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/.HANDBOOKSJSSG-2010-5 Joint Service Specification Guide Crew Systems Aircraft Lighting Handbook JSSG documents can be obtained from ASC/ENOI, Bldg 560, 2530 L
13、oop Road West, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7101.SPECIFICATIONSMIL-PRF-22885 Switches, Push Button, Illuminated, General Specification For MIL-PRF-38039 Systems, Illuminated, Warning, Caution, and Advisory, General Specification For STANDARDSMIL-STD-411 Aircrew Station Alerting Systems MIL-STD-783
14、 Legends For Use In Aircrew Stations And On Airborne Equipment MIL-STD-1472 Human Engineering MIL-STD-3009 Lighting, Aircraft, Night Vision Imaging System (NVIS) Compatible FAR 23.1322 Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, Acrobatic, And Commuter Category Airplanes, Warning, Caution and Advisory
15、 Lights FAR 25.1322 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes, Warning, Caution and Advisory Lights FAR 27.1322 Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Rotorcraft, Warning, Caution and Advisory Lights 3. CATEGORIES OF INDICATING SYSTEMS 3.1 Warning Indicating Systems A Warning Indicatin
16、g System is one which indicates to the pilot, or crew member, that a hazardous condition exists requiring immediate action to prevent loss of life, equipment damage, or abortion of the mission.Example: FIRE WARNING 3.2 Caution Indicating Systems A Caution Indicating System is one which indicates to
17、the pilot, or crew member, that an impending dangerous condition exists. The condition will require attention but not necessarily immediate action.Example: FUEL PRESSURE LOW 3.3 Advisory Indicating Systems An Advisory Indicating System is one which indicates to the pilot, or crew member, a safe or n
18、ormal configuration, operation of essential equipment, or otherwise attracts attention for routine awareness.Example: NAV READY Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP1088B Page 3 of
19、64. RECOMMENDATIONS 4.1 Design Criteria 4.1.1 Warning, Caution and Advisory System Indicators should be of the legend type i.e. containing alphanumeric characters or symbols. For military aircraft, actuation of the indicator should display the warning legend. 4.1.2 For commercial aircraft, Advisory
20、System Indicators may be either the legend type or bulls-eye type, with the legend type preferred. In the event a legend type indicator is not employed, an illuminated legend should be provided adjacent to the indicator. The bulls-eye indicator, if used, should not have the movable shield or shutter
21、 for dimming, but should be tied into the regular dimming system. 4.1.3 Indicators may be either Light Indicators or Mechanical Indicators. A lighted type indicator is defined as one employing lamps as the primary method of indication. A mechanical type indicator is defined as one employing motion a
22、s the primary method of indication, such as rotating a drum or electrically opening or closing a shutter. 4.2 Legend Color 4.2.1 Warning Indicator Lights should be Aviation Red in accordance with AS25050, except where NVIS compatibility is required. Where NVIS compatibility is required, the color an
23、d NVIS Radiance of the warning indicators should be in accordance with MIL-STD-3009. The legends should be opaque on a translucent background. 4.2.2 Caution Lighted Indicators should be Aviation Yellow in accordance with AS25050, except where NVIS compatibility is required. Where NVIS compatibility
24、is required, the color and NVIS Radiance of the caution indicators should be in accordance with MIL-STD-3009. The legends should be translucent on an opaque background.4.2.3 Caution Mechanical Indicators should be Aviation Yellow in accordance with AS25050, except where NVIS compatibility is require
25、d. Where NVIS compatibility is required, the color and NVIS Radiance of the caution indicators should be in accordance with MIL-STD-3009. The legends should be opaque on a translucent background.4.2.4 For military aircraft, Advisory Lighted Indicators should be Aviation Green in accordance with AS25
26、050, except where NVIS compatibility is required. Where NVIS compatibility is required, the color and NVIS Radiance of the advisory indicators should be in accordance with MIL-STD-3009. The legends should be translucent on an opaque background. 4.2.5 For military aircraft, Advisory Mechanical Indica
27、tors should be Aviation Green in accordance with AS25050, except where NVIS compatibility is required. Where NVIS compatibility is required, the color and NVIS Radiance of the advisory indicators should be in accordance with MIL-STD-3009. The legends should be opaque on a translucent background. NOT
28、E: FAR 25.1322 however, if abbreviations are used, select them so that the information can not be misread. The use of abbreviated legends not listed in the applicable documents should be approved by the procuring activity. 5.2.2 For military aircraft, the character height on the legend plate should
29、subtend a viewing angle of not less than 20 minutes of arc when measured from the aft most point of the design eye line at a viewing distance of 28 inches. Commercial type condensed letter fonts are identified in the applicable documents, allowing a maximum number of letters in a given space and sti
30、ll having sufficient stroke width to give a good readable presentation. 5.2.3 For commercial aircraft, figures, letters and numbers should subtend not less than the following vertical angles from the design eye position of the pilot (or crewperson) who normally utilizes the displayed information: Pr
31、imary (dynamic) nomenclature should subtend no less than 20 minutes of arc (6 milliradians). Alerting (dynamic) nomenclature should subtend no less than 15 minutes of arc (4.4 milliradians). Fixed essential nomenclature should subtend no less than 12 minutes of arc (3.5 milliradians). Fixed continuo
32、usly available nomenclature - 10 minutes of arc (3 milliradians) 5.2.4 The legend lights should not appear activated because of direct sunlight impingement in the unlighted condition; however, it should be readily apparent that the light is energized under high ambient light. Contrast requirements v
33、ary, depending on whether or not readability in direct reflected specular sunlight is required. 5.2.5 The mechanical indicators should have a minimum contrast ratio of 12:1 between lettering and background area adjacent to the lettering. 5.2.6 All opaque surfaces on lighted indicators, either the le
34、ttering or the background, should be flat black in accordance with FED-STD-595, color # 37038 to obtain maximum contrast. 5.2.7 All incandescent indicators should be designed for easy lamp replacement and unless the cap is captive indexing should be provided to prevent inadvertent installation on th
35、e wrong base. 5.2.8 All incandescent indicators should be designed to use two lamps operating in parallel. LED indicators should contain the LEDs and the driver, dimming and protection circuitry required for their operation. The indication should be readable with one lamp or LED failed. However, it
36、should be readily apparent that one lamp has failed. 5.2.9 The lighting design of the indicators should be such that the ratio of the dimmest point on the indicator to the brightest point should not be more than 1 to 2. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for Resale
37、No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP1088B Page 6 of 66. INSTALLATION 6.1 The effect of the best designed indicating system can be destroyed by installation techniques that could defeat the purpose of the system. The pilot must be able to see and interpret the
38、information presented. 6.2 The Warning and/or Caution System Master Indicators should be installed so that the pilot can not miss seeing any indication. Preferably these indicators should be installed within the 30 degree cone of vision. 6.3 The individual indicators may be installed elsewhere in th
39、e cockpit, providing the pilot still may view them without undue effect. Every effort should be made to locate the individual warning indicators within the 30 degree cone of vision.6.4 The number of indicators in a system should be kept to a minimum consistent with airplane system complexity. Too ma
40、ny indicators can present a confused picture to the pilot and possibly create an unnecessary hazardous condition. No indications should be given to the pilot unless it is absolutely necessary for safe operation of the airplane.6.5 The complexity and space limitations of modern aircraft most often pr
41、eclude the use of a standard design for indicators. However, it is recommended that aircraft designers standardize presentations where possible to stimulate confidence among pilots. Standard design of indicating systems can be as important to safety of operation as the brightness of the indicators.
42、7. NOTES 7.1 A change bar (|) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the
43、document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only. PREPARED BY SUBCOMMITTEE A-20A, FLIGHT CREW STATION, OF SAE COMMITTEE A-20, AIRCRAFT LIGHTING Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-
