1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2014 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/ARP1827CAEROSPACERECOMMENDED PRACTICEARP1827 REV. CIssued 1987-06 Revised 2014-11
5、 Superseding ARP1827B Measuring Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Fine Fuel Filter Element Performance RATIONALE The document is being revised as follows: (1) Clarification of test fluids in 1.4. (2) Addition of a footnote in references thatISO 4402 has been withdrawn. (3) In 4.1.1, addition of a requirem
6、ent for test fuel integrity. IFT requirement for test fuel changed to a minimum of 27 dynes/cm which can be more realistically achieved without impacting test results significantly. The IFT requirement has been clarified to be reflective of how the testing is actually performed. (4) In 4.1.1, additi
7、on of kinematic viscosity and density measurement, since this is necessary information when comparing the results for different test fluids. (5) Filter element rating in Table 1 changed from 1000 to 200 to be more reflective of filter elementefficiency ratings utilized in aerospace. (6) Paragraph 6.
8、5.4 specifies a new level of cleanliness since the reference to the cleanliness level stated in 6.3.5 was not applicable to this step. (7) Validation counts in Table 2 updated based upon the results of the ISO Fine Test Dust (ISO FTD) Particle Count Mini-Round Robin conducted by ISO, which is more r
9、epresentative of recent lots of ISO FTD. (8) Volume changed in 6.6.3.2 from 500 mL to 100 mL since the larger volume is not necessary, given the high gravimetric levels. (9) New 6.6.3.3 inserted which requires a gravimetric analysis be performed on the injection fluid sample collected in 6.6.3.2, pr
10、ior to performing the multi-pass test, in order to confirm the concentration of the contaminant in the contaminant injection system prior to the test. (10) Volume changed in the newly numbered 6.6.3.10 from 500 mL to 100 mL as the larger volume is not necessary, given the high gravimetric levels. (1
11、1) Update of references and addition of references ASTM D445, ASTM D1298, and ASTM D7566. (12) Editorial changes for clarity throughout the document. 1. SCOPE This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) delineates two complementary filter element performance ratings: (1) dirt capacity, and (2) fil
12、tration efficiency, and corresponding test procedures. It is intended for non-cleanable (disposable), fine fuel filter elements used in aviation gas turbine engine fuel systems. 1.1 Purpose Variation in filter element testing methods and requirements make comparison of performance results difficult.
13、 In order to minimize these problems, this document describes standard filtration ratings and test procedures. Both manufacturer and customer will have a common means to specify, control, and evaluate filter elements. 1.2 Filter Element Performance Ratings 1.2.1 Filter Element Dirt Capacity The mass
14、 of test contaminant added to the filter element test system, under the test conditions specified herein, to produce a prescribed terminal filter element differential pressure. The dirt capacity is determined in a specified test fluid.SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP1827C Page 2 of 21 1.2.2 Filter Element Effi
15、ciency Filter element efficiency is the ability of a filter element to remove (and retain) contaminant particles from the fluid stream.This procedure determines the particle removal efficiency of the filter element as a function of particle size. The particle removal efficiencies for the various par
16、ticle size ranges are expressed as filtration ratios, termed Beta Ratios (Ex). The filtration ratio at a specified particle size is the ratio of the number of particles larger than the specified size entering the filter element (Ux) to the number of particles larger than the same size leaving the fi
17、lter element (Dx).Filtration Ratio at particle size x ExUxDxe=(Eq. 1) The techniques specified in this document allow measurement of filtration ratios up to 1000 (99.9% particle removal efficiency) for the particle size range 4 m(c) to 25 m(c), as defined in ISO 11171. 1.3 Test Contaminant and Parti
18、cle Counter Calibration 1.3.1 Dirt Capacity Historically, AC Test Dusts (AC Fine Test Dust and AC Coarse Test Dust) were specified, either as a component of the test contaminant for the Dirt Capacity test or, in some applications, as the principal test contaminant. Replacement test dusts for the AC
19、Test Dusts, no longer available, have been specified by ISO (ISO 12103-1). The corresponding ISO Test Dust for AC Fine Test Dust is ISO Fine Test Dust (designated ISO 12103-A2) and the corresponding ISO Test Dust for AC Coarse Test Dust is ISO Coarse Test Dust (designated ISO 12103-A4). The change t
20、o ISO Test Dusts can result in dirt capacity test results that may differ from test results obtained with the corresponding AC Test Dusts. It is necessary for users to take this into account when comparing historic dirt capacity test data generated per ARP1827 with data generated per the present pro
21、cedure, and when comparing dirt capacity test results from the current procedure to historic specification requirements for dirt capacity. 1.3.2 Filter Efficiency Historically, AC Fine Test Dust was the test contaminant specified for the filter efficiency test, and the calibration of automatic parti
22、cle counters was in accordance with ISO 4402 (1991). In addition to the change in test contaminant to ISO Fine Test Dust (ISO 12103-A2), ISO has also specified a calibration procedure ISO 11171 for automatic particle counters to replace the ISO 4402 calibration procedure which utilized AC Fine Test
23、Dust. The ISO 11171 procedure uses ISO Medium Test Dust, designated ISO 12103-A3, instead of AC Fine Test Dust. The definition of particle sizes per the ISO 11171 calibration procedure differs very significantly from the particle sizes defined in ISO 4402 (1991). In order to distinguish the particle
24、 sizes defined in ISO 11171, they are designated as m(c) or micrometer(c), the (c) indicating NIST certified sizes. The change in test contaminant and the automatic particle counter calibration procedure will lead to filter element efficiency test results that are significantly different from test r
25、esults obtained previously with AC Fine Test Dust and ISO 4402 calibration. It is necessary for users to take this into account when comparing historic filter element efficiency test data generated per ARP1827 with data generated per the present procedure, and when comparing filter element efficienc
26、y test results from the current procedure to historic specification requirements for filter element efficiency. AIR5455 discusses the impact of the change in test dusts and automatic particle counter calibration on laboratory filter performance and filter ratings. SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP1827C Page 3 o
27、f 21 1.4 Test Fluids (Dirt Capacity) Historically, test fluids have included MIL-PRF-7024 calibration fluid and petroleum based jet fuels. For commercial applications, fuels such as ASTM D1655 Grades Jet A and Jet A-1 have been used and, more recently, fuels complying to Russian and Chinese national
28、 standards and semi and fully synthetic fuels produced by SASOL. For military applications, fuels such as MIL-DTL-5624 Grades JP-4 and JP-5 and MIL-DTL-83133 Grade JP-8 have been used. In the future, some of these jet fuels may contain synthetic hydrocarbons, i.e., hydrocarbons derived from non-petr
29、oleum based feedstocks. For example, fuels produced per ASTM D7566 (which may contain up to a 50% synthetic hydrocarbon component) are permitted to be re-certified as ASTM D1665 or U.K. Defence Standard 91-91 fuels. Once re-certified, the fuels are indistinguishable from fuel produced solely from pe
30、troleum based feedstocks. Other national standards allow synthetic hydrocarbons complying with one or more of the annexes of approved synthesized paraffinic kerosene within ASTM D7566 to be blended with petroleum based fuel up to 50% by volume as long as the final blend meets the requirements of the
31、 national standard. The dirt capacity is dependent on test fluid properties (such as viscosity) and the dispersion of solid contamination and the solubility and dispersion of water in the fluid phase, which are critically dependent on the chemical composition and chemical/physical properties of the
32、test fluid. The above should be kept in mind when comparing dirt capacities of filter elements in different test fluids. 1.5 Filter Element Conditioning Filter element performance ratings can be adversely effected by harsh operating environments. Filter elements should, therefore, be subjected to pr
33、ocedures simulating these harsh operating conditions prior to performance testing. Conditioning is the term covering these procedures. This document does not cover conditioning requirements. They should be determined by the user and reported by the testing agency. AIR1666 discusses recommended filte
34、r element conditioning methods for gas turbine engine lubrication filter elements. The methods discussed in AIR1666 can also be applied to filter elements utilized in other aerospace fluid systems. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specifie
35、d herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. N
36、othing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA
37、), www.sae.org.ARP24 Determination of Hydraulic Pressure Drop MAP749 Aircraft Turbine Engine Fuel System Component Endurance Test Procedure (Room Temperature Contaminated Fuel) ARP785 Aerospace - Procedure for the Determination of Particulate Contamination in Hydraulic Fluids by the Control Filter G
38、ravimetric Procedure AIR1666 Performance Testing of Lubricant Filter Elements Utilized in Aircraft Power and Propulsion Lubrication Systems AS4059 Aerospace Fluid Power - Contamination Classification for Hydraulic Fluids AIR5455 Impact of Changes in Test Dust Contaminants and Particle Counter Calibr
39、ation on Laboratory Filter Element Performance and Fluid Cleanliness Classes SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP1827C Page 4 of 21 2.2 Military Specifications 2.2.1 U.S. Military Specifications Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Tel: 215-697-6396,
40、http:/quicksearch.dla.mil/.MIL-E-50071Engines, Aircraft, Turbojet and Turbofan, General Specification for MIL-PRF-56061Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base; Aircraft, Missile, and Ordnance MIL-PRF-7024 Performance Specification, Calibrating Fluids, Aircraft Fuel System Components MIL-PRF-81836 Filter and
41、 Disposable Element, Fluid Pressure, Hydraulic, 3 Micron Absolute MIL-DTL-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Grades JP-4 and JP-5 MIL-DTL-83133 Turbine Fuels, Aviation, Kerosene Type, JP-8 (NATO F-34), NATO F-35, and JP-8+100 (NATO F-27) 2.2.2 U.K. Military Specifications Available from Defence Equipment
42、and Support, U. K. Defence Standardization, Kentigern House, 65 Brown Street, Glasgow G2 8EX, United Kingdom, Tel: +0141 224 2531/2, Fax: +0141 224 2503, http:/www.dstan.mod.uk.Defence Standard 91-91 Turbine Fuel, Aviation Kerosene Type, Jet A-1, NATO Code: F-35, Joint Service Designation: AVTUR2.3
43、ISO Publications Available from International Organization for Standardization, ISO Central Secretariat, 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel: +41 22 749 01 11, www.iso.org.ISO 4021 Hydraulic fluid power - Particulate contamination analysis - Extraction of fluid sampl
44、es from lines of an operating system ISO 44022Hydraulic fluid power - Calibration of automatic-count Instruments for particles suspended in liquids - Method using classified AC Fine Test Dust contaminant ISO 11171 Hydraulic fluid power - Calibration of automatic particle counters for liquids ISO 119
45、43 Hydraulic fluid power - On-line automatic particle-counting systems for liquids - Methods of calibration and validationISO 12103-1 Road vehicles - Test dust for filter evaluation - Part I: Arizona test dust ISO 16889 Hydraulic fluid power filters - Multi-pass method for evaluating filtration perf
46、ormance of a filter element 1MIL-E-5007 is inactive for new design as of January, 1997. MIL-PRF-5606 is inactive for new design as of March, 1996. 2ISO 4402 has been withdrawn as of December 9, 1999. SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP1827C Page 5 of 21 2.4 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100
47、 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org.ASTM D445 Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity) ASTM D971 Standard Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil against W
48、ater by the Ring Method ASTM D1298 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method ASTM D1655 Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels ASTM D3240 Standard Test Method for Undissolved Water in Aviation T
49、urbine Fuels ASTM D6304 Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration ASTM D7566 Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons 2.5 NIST Publications Available from NIST, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, Tel: 301-975-6478, www.nist.gov.NIST SRM 2806 National Institute of Stand
