1、SAE ARP*4294 92 7943725 05Ob9b8 bltb -* =For The Advancing Enginewing Mobility Sxey AEROSPACE RECOMMENDED -LandSea AirandSpace INTERNATIONAL 400 Commonwealth Drive. Warrendale. PA 15096-0001 PRACTICE ARP4294 Issued 1992-02-14 Submitted for recognition as an American National Standard I DATA FORMATS
2、AND PRACTICES FOR LIFE CYCLE COST INFORMATION 1 . 1.1 2 . 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3 . 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.4 3.5 4 . 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 TABLE OF CONTENTS SCOPE . 4 Purpose 4 REFERENCES 5 SAE Documents . 5 Government Publications 5 Acronyms and Abbreviations 7 Glossa
3、ry . 7 PROPULSION SYSTEM COST STRUCTURES . 9 LCC Element Structure . 9 LCCPhases 10 LCC Element Structure for Propulsion Systems . 11 Rules for Cost Allocation . 11 Indenture Levels . 11 Tailoring of Structure 12 Cost of Infrastructure 12 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) 14 INTERFACES 14 Study Types a
4、t Different Program Phases 15 Conceptual Studies 16 Development and Validation 17 FSD 19 Investment 21 Operational Deployment 22 Data Exchange at Interfaces 23 With Customer . 23 With Aircraft Manufacturer 23 SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide Mat: This report is published by SAE to advance
5、 the siate of technicai and engineering sciences . The use of this report is entirely voluntav. and is applicability and suitability for any particular use. including any patert infringement arising therefrom. is the sole responsibility of the user. SAE reviews each technical report at least every f
6、ive years 6: which time 2 mey be reafcirmed. revised. or cancelled SAE invites yctir written comments and suggestions Copyright 1992 Society of Automotive Engineers. Inc . A!: ri;his reserved . Printed in li S 4 SAE ARPu4294 92 = 7943725 050bb 552 SAE ARP4294 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 TABLE OF CON
7、TENTS (Continued) With Equipment Supplier 24 Appl icabil i ty of Standard Data Formats 24 Managing LCC . 24 The Role of the Analyst 25 Procedures to Support LCC Assessments . 28 5 . 5.1 USE AND APPLICABILITY OF LCC ANALYSIS . 31 Classification for Use of LCC Input and Output 31 APPENDIX A LIFE CYCLE
8、 COST ELEMENT STRUCTURE FOR PROPULSION SYSTEMS (DEFINITIONS ARE GIVEN FOR THE LOWEST LEVEL COST ELEMENTSONLY) 32 APPENDIX B LIFE CYCLE COST QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CUSTOMER 52 APPENDIX C LIFE CYCLE COST QUESTIONNAIRE FOR AIRFRAMERS . 62 LIFE CYCLE COST QUESTIONNAIRE FOR EQUIPMENT SUPPLIERS . 65 APPENDIX E
9、 LCC DESIGN TRADE CHECKLIST 69 APPENDIX D FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3 FIGURE 4 FIGURE 5 Life Cycle Cost (Phases of the Life Cycle) Life Cycle Cost Element Structure . 11 Example of Tailored LCC Statement . 13 LCC Communications Between Major Participants . 15 Sourcing of Data Elements . 26 10 FIGURE
10、6 FIGURE Al FIGURE A2 FIGURE A3 FIGURE A4 FIGURE A5 FIGURE A6 FIGURE A7 Managing LCC . 27 Life Cycle Cost Structure for Propulsion Systems . 32 Research. Deve1 opment. Test and Eva1 uati on 34 Investment (1) 37 Investment(2) 40 Operating and Support (1) . 44 Operating and Support (2) . 47 Disposal.
11、A/C System Effects. Tailored Items . 51 -2- SAE ARPb4294 92 = 7943725 0506970 274 W SAE ARP4294 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) TABLE B1 Example of Maintenance at Each Level . 61 B TABLE El LCC Design Trade Checklist 70 Expanded Design Trade Study Checklist . 71 TABLE E2 B D -3- SAE ARP*4294 92 m 7943
12、725 0506973 LOO m SAE ARP4294 1. SCOPE: This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP)4294 is directed at life cycle cost (LCC) analysis of aerospace propulsion systems and supplements AIR1939. Specific topics addressed by ARP4294 are listed below: a. Propulsion system LCC element structure. b. Infor
13、mation exchange and relationships with: (1) Aircraft manufacturer (2) Equipment suppl i ers (3) Customer c. The relationship of the LCC element structure to work breakdown structures. d. The relationship between LCC analysis and other related disciplines (e.g., technical (performance analysis, weigh
14、t control, component 1 ives), reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM), integrated logistic support ( ILS) , product i on and finance) . e. C1 assi fi cat i on of the accuracy and appl i cabi 1 i ty of LCC assessments. 1.1 Purpose : ARP4294 supplements the general guide1 ines of AIR1939 a
15、nd complements ARP4293 by providing specific data formats and data transfer procedures to increase the effectiveness of LCC evaluations. ARP4294 promotes the consistency and understanding of information exchanged at the interfaces between customers, aircraft manufacturers, engine producers, and equi
16、pment suppliers. cl ari f i es the re1 at i onshi ps between LCC and re1 ated di sci pl i nes . In support of the free flow of LCC information between customers, manufacturers, and equipment suppl iers, ARP4294 provides classifications governing the applicability of LCC analyses. It -4- SAE ARP*4294
17、 92 7943725 0506972 047 SAE ARP4294 2. REFERENCES: 2.1 2.2 SAE Documents: Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. AIR1812 Environmental Control Systems Life Cycle Cost AIR1939 Aircraft Engine Life Cycle Cost Guide ARP4293 Life Cycle Cost - Techniques and Applications S
18、P-721 Aircraft Engine Life Cycle Cost Government Publications: Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Building 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. MIL-STD 881A AFR 70-5 AFR 80-14 AFR 173-1 AFR 173-2 AFR 173-9 AFR 173-11 AFR 173-13 AFR 178-1 AFR 178-1 AFR 400-31 AFR 800
19、-8 AFR 800-11 AFR 800-11 AFR 800-14 AFR 800-18 AFR 800-21 AFR 800-22 AFR 800-28 AFR 800-30 AFR 800-21 AFLCP 70-1 AFLCP 173-3 AFLCP 173-4 AFLCP 173-10 AFLCP 800-3 Work Breakdown Structures for Defense Materi al Items, 25 April 1975 Should Cost Aug 85 Test and Evaluation AF Cost Analysis Program Oct 7
20、5 Economic Escal at i on Aircraft Fuel Conversati on Data Col 1 ect i on Independent Cost Analysis Program Oct 86 USAF Cost and Planning Factors Sept 86 - contains Core Model Economic Analysis and Program Evaluation for Resource Management March 88 Vol II Economic Procedures Handbook (Core Model) Vo
21、l 1-4 AF Visibility and Management of Operating and Support Costs (VAMOSC) SE 82 ILS Element Program June 86 Life Cycle Cost Management Program Jan 84 ASD Supplement 1 Management of Computer Resources in Systems AF Re1 i abi 1 i ty and Mai ntai nabi 1 i ty Program Interim Contractor Support for Syst
22、ems and Equ i pmen t AFE VS GFE Selection Process Air Force Policy on Avionics Acquisition and Support Life Cycle Management of Aeronautical Gas Turbine Engines AP 80 ICs for Systems and Equipment Mar 87 Contracting and Acquisition A Guide to Estimating Aircraft LSC Estimating Depot Maintenance Cost
23、 to AF Aircraft AFLC Cost and Planning Factors Logistics Performance Factors in ILS 6 Apr 76 -5- SAE ARPg4294 92 D 7943725 050b973 T83 D SAE ARP4294 2.2 (Continued): AFLCP/AFSCP 800-19 AFLC/AFSC 800-4 AFLCM 800-1 Program Management AFLCR 173-10 AFSCM 173-1 Cost Analysis Procedures AFSC Supplement 1,
24、 AFR 173-1 Air Force Cost Analysis Program AFSC/AFLC Supplement 1 to AFR 800-11. Life Cycle Cost Management Program AFSC/AFLCP 800-19 Joint Design-to-Cost Life Cycle as a Design Parameter 15 Oct 77 AFSC/AFLCR 800-28 Repair Level Analysis Program May 81 AFSC/AFLCR 800-31 Government-Furnished Equipmen
25、t/Contractor- Furnished Equipment (GFE/CFE) Selection Process, GFE Acquisition and GFE Management AFM 400-1 Spares Requirements AFM 26-1 Manpower Policies and Procedures AFM 800-6 Program Control - Financial DI-E-3128 Engr Change Proposals DI-F-6000C Cost Performance Report DI-F-6004B DI-F-6010A Cos
26、t/Schedule Status Report DI-F-30203 DODD 4245.3 Design to Cost DODD 5000.1 Major System Acquisitions DODD 5000.2 DODD 5000.4 DODD 5000.28 Design to Cost DODD 5000.33 DODD 7000.2 Performance Measurement for Selected DODD 7000.3 Selected Acquisition Reports MIL-STD 1388 LSA MIL-STD 1390 MIL-STD 483 (U
27、SAF) OMB A 109 OSD Inflation Factors FASCAP Fast Payback Capital Investment Program Joint Design to Cost Guide Life Cycle Cost as a Design Parameter 15 Oct 77 Repair Level Analysis Procedures AFLC Cost and Planning Factors DI-A-7088 D I-A-7089 Contract Funds Status Report (CFSR) Design to Cost/Life
28、Cycle Cost Document Major System Acquisition Procedures OSD Cost Analysis Improvement Group (CAIG) Aircraft Operating and Support Cost Deve1 opment Guide Uniform Budget/Cost Terms and Definitions Acquisitions Level of Repair (Navy) MIL-STD 480 MIL-STD 481 MIL-STD 490 Major Systems Acqu i s i t i on
29、(USAF/MPM Ltr 21 Dec 78) Economic Analysis Handbook Network Repair Level Analysis Model - Users Gui de -6- SAE ARP*4294 92 7943725 0506974 91T 9 SA ARP4294 2.2 (Continued): Integrated Logistics Support, Published by Defense Systems Management College Product Performance Agreement Guide - Warrant i e
30、s Definition of Cost Drivers 2.3 Acronyms and Abbreviations: ARP Aerospace Recommended Practice CCT Completion of Certification Testing ILS Integrated Logistic Support LCC Life Cycle Cost O al ternative maintenance concepts, etc. c. LCC Tracking: Forecasting and monitoring LCC through different phas
31、es of the life cycle and influencing decisions over design, development, operation, and disposal. Further details of study types can be found in AIR1939. In each type of study, the analyst must play a leading role from identification of study objectives, through data collection and analysis, to the
32、documentation of studies and formulation of recommendations. The difficulties associated with ensuring that LCC receives appropriate attention in a given program are significant. Relevant specialists involved in the design, development, and support of the propulsion system are already faced with inc
33、reasingly demanding challenges in their individual fields. Against this background the analyst must ensure that, in addition, due attention is given to the LCC implications of change proposals at each stage of the program. To facilitate the role of the analyst, it is essential that the LCC activitie
34、s receive visible support from senior personnel. The LCC effort must be perceived to be an integral part of the management of the program. This philosophy must be maintained at all levels of the organization, across boundaries with other disciplines, and with external participants such as suppliers.
35、 It must be actively fostered to ensure it remains effective. The wide range and complexity of data to be collected in LCC studies requires dedicated resources to coordinate and drive LCC assessments and ensure data consistency. Personnel needed to undertake these tasks must have an appreciation of
36、a wide range of disciplines including the terminology employed. The LCC analyst must be prepared to challenge the data supplied for consistency and accuracy. The diversity of LCC input data is illustrated by Figure 5. This shows the principal stages in processing the customer requirements into major
37、 LCC elements. The added difficulties of communicating with a wide range of contributors to the LCC assessment is illustrated in Figure 6. Those in the outer circle are external to the engine producer and those in the intermedi ate 1 eve1 are internal company contacts. - 25 - SAE ARP*4294 92 m 79437
38、25 050b993 871 m SA ARP4294 i Y O 6 f3 W W LL m w !& !l -1 1- 2 a - 26 - SAE ARPt4294 92 = 7943725 0506994 708 = SAE ARP4294 FIGURE 6 - Managing LCC nued) : 4.3.1 (Cont In addition, the LCC analyst must have the necessary knowledge and skills to determine the appropriate LCC tools and methodologies
39、to use at a given stage in the program to meet a specific requirement. Finally the analyst must have the skills and knowledge to interpret the results of LCC analyses and summarize them in an understandable format. In summary, the LCC analyst is a key communicator and coordinator, and must be prepar
40、ed to spend a significant amount of time in this role. following sections review the role of the LCC analyst at the interface with specialist functions. Liaison with external contacts is described in 4.1. The 4.3.1.1 TECHNICAL: The LCC analyst must be thoroughly conversant with engine design, develo
41、pment, usage, and maintenance. As engine design parameters are extended to take advantage of new materials or design techniques, the analyst should anticipate life and reliability problems, performance deterioration issues, and difficulty in manufacture and repair. Therefore, a continual dialogue is
42、 necessary between the LCC analyst and the engine designers. - 27 - SAE ARP*4294 92 m 7943725 0506975 644 m SAE ARP4294 4.3.1.2 4.3.1.3 4.3.1.4 4.3.1.5 PRODUCTION: producibility of the design and the capability of the production organization to achieve cost learning. area can affect development cost
43、 and maintenance cost as well as production cost. with the production organization, and the LCC analyst must be aware of all high-risk areas in the design. The LCC of an engine is very much affected by the Unforeseen difficulty in this Therefore, new designs must be thoroughly coordinated The purcha
44、sing organization has an important influence on engine LCC through its interface with suppliers. LCC requirements to be placed on suppliers and ensure these form an input to the supplier selection process and to the procurement contract. Exchange of information with suppliers is necessary to affect
45、management and control of the contribution of supplier equipment to engine LCC and re1 i abil i ty. It must be kept informed of the RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY (RAM), INTEGRATED LOGISTICS SUPPORT, (ILS), PRODUCT SUPPORT: RAM and support aspects of an engine design are significant L
46、CC drivers. Therefore, initial analyses of these drivers should occur with conceptual design, and should be a part of trade studies for the optimization or selection of a design. emphasis is on simple maintenance procedures and improved diagnostics. Consequently, engine design is evolving towards mo
47、dularity and accessibility. The LCC analyst should, therefore, search out these refinements in new designs and include them in cost estimates. Government FINANCE: maintaining financial accounts as the latter are important sources of data for: Good communication channels are essential with personnel
48、a. Development of cost estimating relationships (CER) used in parametric analyses. b. Use in tracking LCC elements. The definition of data must be carefully matched to those required in each case. BUSINESS ISSUES: The analyst must be aware of the rules for pricing of engines, spares, support etc. to
49、 ensure that the appropriate level of input is Included in the LCC analysis. There will also be a requirement to assess the implications attached to incentive schemes offered by the customer, and to support the development of incentive schemes for equipment suppliers. 4.3.2 Procedures to Support LCC Assessments: As previously described, all studies require the effort and commitment from a wide range of participants across many disciplines from within the analysts own company or organization and often from others external to it. capable of managing these resources to be
