1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2008 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication ma
3、y be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
4、Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/ARP4553AAEROSPACERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEARP4553A Issued 1997-10 Reaffirmed 2002-05 Revised 2008-12 Sup
5、erseding ARP4553 (R) Aerospace - Accumulator, Hydraulic, Self-Displacing RATIONALEARP4553 has been updated to Revision A for the following reasons: a. New and revised technical and test requirements have been introduced b. The references called up in the document have been updated c. Editorial chang
6、es have been made to improve the readability of the document TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 41.1 Purpose . 41.2 Classification . 41.2.1 Accumulator Identification . 42. REFERENCES 52.1 Applicable Documents 52.1.1 SAE Publications . 52.1.2 ASTM Publications 52.1.3 US Government Publications 62.2 Related
7、Publications . 62.2.1 SAE Publications . 62.2.2 FAR Publications . 62.3 Definitions . 63. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 83.1 General . 83.2 Qualification Test 93.3 Functional Requirements 93.3.1 Dynamic Performance Requirements . 93.3.2 Precharge Pressure 93.3.3 Swept (expelled) Oil Volume . 93.3.4 Maximum
8、 Swept Oil Volume . 103.3.5 Volumetric Efficiency . 103.3.6 Separator Friction 103.3.7 Leakage Requirements . 103.3.8 Operating Temperature . 113.4 Construction 113.4.1 Ports 113.4.2 Vent . 113.4.3 Separator 113.4.4 Fragmentation . 11Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAE
9、Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP4553A - 2 -3.4.5 Materials and Processes . 113.4.6 Corrosion Resistance 123.4.7 Electro-conductive Bonding 123.4.8 Gas Precharge 123.4.9 Hydraulic Fluid 123.4.10 Seals . 133.5 Installation Requirements . 133.5.
10、1 Dimensions and Mounting Requirements . 133.5.2 Marking . 133.6 Strength . 133.6.1 Rated Pressure . 133.6.2 Proof Pressure 143.6.3 Burst Pressure 143.6.4 Fatigue 153.6.5 Vibration 153.6.6 Maximum Wrenching Torque 153.7 Weight . 153.8 Environmental Requirements 153.9 Operational and Safety Requireme
11、nts 153.9.1 Storage 153.9.2 Reliability . 163.9.3 Endurance . 163.9.4 Safety 174. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS 174.1 Responsibility for Inspection . 174.2 Physical Defect Inspection 174.3 Classification of Tests . 174.4 Test Stand Requirements . 194.4.1 Test Medium . 194.5 First Article Inspection .
12、 194.5.1 First Article Samples . 194.5.2 First Article Inspection Report . 194.5.3 Rejection . 195. ACCEPTANCE TESTS . 195.1 Examination of the Product . 205.2 Test Program 205.2.1 General . 205.2.2 Proof Pressure 205.2.3 Cycling 205.2.4 Leakage Test 215.2.5 Separator Friction 225.2.6 Electro-Conduc
13、tive Bonding . 225.3 Preparation for Delivery 226. QUALIFICATION TESTS 226.1 General . 226.2 Fluid Immersion Test 236.3 Function Tests . 236.3.1 Volumetric Efficiency . 236.3.2 Endurance Cycling 236.3.3 Additional Tests . 236.4 Environmental Tests . 236.4.1 Extreme Temperature Functioning Tests . 23
14、6.4.2 Humidity 246.4.3 Fluids Susceptibility. 246.4.4 Fungus 246.4.5 Salt Spray 246.4.6 Sand and Dust 246.4.7 Waterproofness . 246.4.8 Icing . 25Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AR
15、P4553A - 3 -6.5 Structural Tests . 256.5.1 Proof Pressure Test 256.5.2 Fatigue Test 256.5.3 Vibration Tests 266.5.4 Handling Loads Test . 266.5.5 Wrench Load Test . 266.6 Destructive Tests 266.6.1 Burst Pressure 266.6.2 Fragmentation . 276.6.3 Additional Tests: 276.7 Post Qualification Tests 276.7.1
16、 Acceptance Tests . 276.7.2 Disassembly and Inspection . 276.8 Qualification Failures 287. NOTES 28FIGURE 1 ACCUMULATOR SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM 6FIGURE 2 RECOMMENDED GAS LEAKAGE TEST SETUP . 21TABLE 1 IMPULSE CYCLING . 15TABLE 2 ENDURANCE CYCLING 16TABLE 3 TEST PROGRAM . 18Copyright SAE International Prov
17、ided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP4553A - 4 -1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended to provide design and qualification requirements for self-displacing hydraulic accumul
18、ators. These requirements are intended be included in the Procurement Specification for the accumulator. Those requirements identified by the use of “shall” are considered to be essential requirements; those requirements identified by the use of “should” are considered to be optional requirements fo
19、r inclusion in the Specification at the discretion of the Purchaser. In addition, test methods for production acceptance and qualification purposes are provided.The accumulator is intended for use in military aerospace hydraulic systems with rated pressures of up to 8000 psi (55 158 kPa) and of the
20、following types as specified in AS5440: a. Type I -65 to +160 F (-54 to +71 C) fluid temperature b. Type II -65 to +275 F (-54 to +135 C) fluid temperature The accumulator is also intended for use in commercial aerospace and helicopter hydraulic systems. 1.2 Classification The accumulators shall be
21、classified per the rated system pressure and rated return pressure as follows: a. Class 1500 Hydraulic system, rated system pressure 1500 psi (10 342 kPa) b. Class 3000 Hydraulic system, rated system pressure 3000 psi (20 684 kPa) c. Class 4000 Hydraulic system, rated system pressure 4000 psi (27 57
22、9 kPa) d. Class 5000 Hydraulic system, rated system pressure 5000 psi (34 473 kPa) e. Class 8000 Hydraulic system, rated system pressure 8000 psi (55 158 kPa) In addition to the above system pressure classification, the rated return pressure shall be stated or classified for the particular applicati
23、on. The basic classification number above has a dash number added to specify the return pressure as follows: Each 100 psi (689 kPa) shall be designated by a two digit number, for example: 01 Hydraulic system, rated return pressure 100 psi (689 kPa) Each additional 100 psi (689 kPa) will be a corresp
24、onding increase in dash number, for example: 05 Hydraulic system, rated return pressure 500 psi (3447 kPa) 1.2.1 Accumulator Identification Each accumulator shall be identified as Class XXXX YY, where: a. XXXX is the rated system pressure b. YY is the rated return pressure Copyright SAE Internationa
25、l Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP4553A - 5 -For example. an accumulator that is identified as Class 3000-10 means that it is to be used in a hydraulic system where: a. The rated system pressure is 3000 p
26、si (20 684 kPa) b. The rated return pressure is 1000 psi (6894 kPa) 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall b
27、e the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has b
28、een obtained. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.AS1241 Fire Resistant Phosphate Ester Hydraulic Fluid for Aircraft ARP1288 Placarding of Airc
29、raft Hydraulic Equipment to Identify Phosphate Ester Fluid Compatibility ARP1383 Impulse Testing of Aerospace Hydraulic Actuators, Valves, Pressure Containers, and Similar Fluid System Components AS4059 Aerospace Fluid Power - Cleanliness Classification for Hydraulic Fluids ARP4150 Procedure for Ins
30、pection of Inservice Airborne Accumulators for Corrosion and Damage ARP4386 Terminology and Definitions for Aerospace Fluid Power, Actuation and Control Technologies AIR4543 Aerospace Hydraulics and Actuation Lessons Learned AS4716 Gland Design, O-ring and Other Elastomeric Seals AS4941 Aerospace -
31、General Requirements for Commercial Aircraft Hydraulic Components AS5440 Hydraulic Systems, Aircraft, Design and Installation, Requirements for AS5857 Gland Design, O-ring and Other Elastomeric Seals, Static Applications AS8775 Hydraulic System Components, Aircraft and Missiles, General Specificatio
32、n for 2.1.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Bar Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org.ASTM E 1417 Liquid Penetrant Examination ASTM E 1444 Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination Copyright SAE International
33、 Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP4553A - 6 -2.1.3 US Government Publications Available from the Document Automation and Production Service (DAPS), 5450 Carlisle Pike Building. 09, P.O. Box 2020, Mechanics
34、burg, PA 17055-0788, Tel: 717-605-2362, http:/assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch.MIL-STD-810 Environmental Test Methods and Engineering Guidelines 2.2 Related Publications The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this SAE Aerospace Technical R
35、eport. 2.2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.ARP4378 Accumulators, Hydraulic, Cylindrical, Aircraft, Maintenance Free, Factory Precharged ARP4379
36、 Accumulator, Hydraulic, Cylindrical, Piston Separated 2.2.2 FAR Publications Available from Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20591, Tel: 866-835-5322, www.faa.gov.Order 8300.10. Appendix 3, Bulletin Type HBAW 02-01B: Flight Standards Handbook Bulletin for
37、 Airworthiness. Maintenance of Pressure Cylinders in use as Aircraft Equipment. 2.3 Definitions Refer to ARP4386 for general hydraulic system terms that are used in this Aerospace Recommended Practice. SELF-DISPLACING HYDRAULIC ACCUMULATOR: A self-displacing accumulator is a tandem type piston accum
38、ulator that is designed to maintain a constant volume of active fluid in the hydraulic circuit. Figure 1 illustrates the accumulator concept.GasPortGas Chamber(Precharge)Fluid/FluidSealHigh PressurePortFluid/AtmosphereSealVent toAtmosphereHigh PressureFluid ChamberLow PressurePortLow PressureFluid C
39、hamberSeparatorPistonFluid/Gas Seal(Refer to Para. 3.4.10)FIGURE 1 - ACCUMULATOR SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP4553A - 7 -A self-displacing accumulator esse
40、ntially comprises an accumulator combined with a pressurized reservoir. The gas precharge displaces the tandem piston and the low pressure fluid chamber is filled with fluid from the low pressure side of the hydraulic system. When the system is pressurized, the high pressure fluid chamber is filled
41、with fluid from the high pressure side of the hydraulic system and the gas compressed. This results in the separator moving and causes fluid from the low pressure chamber to be returned to the low pressure side. With the system working, any fluid then withdrawn from the high pressure side is simulta
42、neously replaced on the low pressure side, thus maintaining a constant volume of fluid both in the system and the accumulator. SEPARATOR: The separator is the part of the accumulator (the interconnected tandem piston) that isolates the gas precharge from the high pressure hydraulic fluid, and the lo
43、w pressure hydraulic fluid from the atmosphere. VESSEL: The vessel is the portion of the accumulator that contains the pressurized hydraulic fluid and gas and separates both from the atmosphere. GAS PORT: The gas port is the connection in the accumulator where the gas precharge is supplied into the
44、accumulator. HIGH PRESSURE PORT: The high pressure port is the connection in the accumulator where high pressure fluid is supplied into/out from the accumulator. LOW PRESSURE PORT: The low pressure port is the connection in the accumulator where fluid from low pressure side of the hydraulic system i
45、s supplied into/out from the accumulator. RATED SYSTEM PRESSURE: The rated system pressure is the nominal steady state pressure that is achieved: a. From the output pressure of the hydraulic system pumps - for an accumulator used in the power generation system orb. Due to thermal effects at the poin
46、t of the actuation of a thermal relief valve - for an accumulator used to provide stored energy (for example, a brake accumulator) RATED RETURN PRESSURE: The rated return pressure is the maximum pressure that can be generated in the hydraulic system return network due to fluid returning to the hydra
47、ulic reservoir as a result of the operation of hydraulic services. MAXIMUM RATED PRESSURE: The maximum rated pressure is the maximum steady state pressure that could be generated in the accumulator due to, for example, a failure in the power generation system such that the system pressure reaches th
48、e system relief pressure, or a sustained high transient pressure that occurs during the operation of the system. NOTE: The maximum rated pressure and the rated system pressure could be the same for an accumulator that is used to provide stored energy. For this type of application, the value of the maximum rated pressure/rated pressure would the thermal relief valve opening pressure. PRECHARGE GAS VOLUME: The precharge volume is the gas volume contained within the accumulator and separated from the hydraulic fluid, with the separator bottomed at the
