1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2013 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/ARP5430 AEROSPACE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE ARP5430 Issued 2001-07 Reaffirmed 2013-01
5、Human Interface Criteria for Vertical Situation Awareness Displays RATIONALE ARP5430 has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE five-year review policy. SAE ARP5430 Page 2 of 52 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE .4 2. REFERENCES . 5 2.1 Applicable Documents . 5 2.2 Regulatory Publications . 6 3. GLOSSARY ?
6、 3.1 Acronyms and Abbreviations . 7 3.2 Definition of Terms . 8 4. DESIGN OBJECTIVES . 13 4.1 Background 13 4.2 Objectives 13 5. CANDIDATE GRAPHIC DISPLAY CONCEPTS . 14 5.1 Profile Display 14 5.2 Three-Dimensional Navigation Display 15 6. SYSTEM FUNCTIONALITY- POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS 16 6.1 Data Acquisi
7、tion . 16 6.2 Information Transmission . 17 6.3 Self-Diagnosis 18 7. FLIGHT DECK INTEGRATION . 18 7.1 Integration with the Total Flight Deck . 19 7.2 Integration Considerations . 21 8. FLIGHT CREW INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS . 21 8.1 Basic Information Content 21 8.2 Vertical Profile Display/Coplanar 2
8、2 8.2.1 Intended Flight Crew Usage . 22 8.2.2 Basic Characteristics of the Vertical Profile Display . 22 8.2.3 Display Characteristics . 23 8.2.4 Procedural Considerations . 32 8.3 Three Dimensional Navigation Display 32 8.3.1 Projection Parameters and Types 32 8.3.2 Ground/3D Reference Symbology .
9、39 SAE ARP5430 Page 3 of 52 8.3.3 8.3.4 8.3.5 8.3.6 8.3.7 8.3.8 8.3.9 8.3.10 8.3.11 8.3.12 8.3.13 8.3.14 8.3.15 8.3.16 8.4 8.5 8.5.1 8.5.2 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Direction . 42 Occlusions . 43 Interposition/Layering . 43 Display of Projection Parameters .44 3D Symbology 44 Viewing Dynamics 45
10、 Field of View .45 Range Look Behind Capability . .46 Existing N D Functionality .47 Horizontal Versus Vertical Referenced Data . .48 Projection Limits/Clipping .48 Elevation of Ground Reference Plane . .49 Clutter Control .49 Alerting Depiction .49 ro General 50 Specific VSAD Control Issues 50 APPE
11、NDIX A BIBLIOGRAPHY . 51 SAE ARP5430 Page 4 of 52 1. SCOPE: This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) sets forth design and operational recommendations concerning the human factors/crew interface considerations and criteria for vertical situation awareness displays. This is the first of two reco
12、mmended practice documents that will address vertical situation awareness displays (VSAD). This document will focus on the performance/ planning types of display (e.g., the map display) and will be limited to providing recommendations concerning human factored crew interfaces and will not address ar
13、chitecture issues. This document focuses on two types of VSAD displays: a coplanar implementation of a profile display (side projection) and a conventional horizontal map display; and a 3D map display (geometric projection). It is intended for head down display applications. However, other formats o
14、r presentation methods, such as H U Ds, HMDs and 3D audio presentations may become more feasible in the future. Even though the relationship of the vertical information and the horizontal map display will be addressed, it is not within the scope of this document to cover Raster Aeronautical Charting
15、 displays, or the presentation of vertical status information in horizontal map displays (e.g., altitude errors; altitude range arcs). A second ARP document will be developed to provide recommended practices for the control types of display (e.g., primary flight display) one of which will be a persp
16、ective primary flight display. In this document, the display and control characteristics are covered for displays that contain vertical situation components as well as the alerting depiction associated with the VSAD. It is assumed that the vertical situation awareness may be provided by one or more
17、crew interface component(s). Although the system functionality assumed for this document exemplifies fixed-wing aircraft implementation, the recommendations do not preclude other aircraft types. The recommendations contained in this document address currently envisioned functionality for a vertical
18、situation awareness display, namely: stabilization of flight path; aircraft energy management; vertical navigation, as well as external hazards such as weather, traffic, and terrain. Since this document provides recommendations, the guidance is provided in the form of “should“ statements as opposed
19、to the “shall“ statements that appear in standards and regulations. When “shall“ statements are used, the regulation or standard is referenced (where applicable). The assumptions about the system that guided and bounded the recommendations contained in this document include: the system is an on-boar
20、d (flight deck based) system displaying vertical situation information to the flight crew; multiple sources of vertical position data will be used and some of the data may be transmitted to the airplane from the ground or satellite no changes to the existing airspace infrastructure should be require
21、d there will be pilot-in-the-loop/manual or automatic involvement in all flight path adjustments information provided should be accessible by all pilots the system will address fixed wing airplane types the system will be based on the English language, but other languages may have to be considered t
22、he system may be operated during all phases of flight the system may be operated under different metric conventions (e.g., QFE/QNH or feet/meters) SAE ARP5430 Page 5 of 52 1. (Continued): the VSAD is not intended to replace any of the alerting system components (EICAS, TAWS, TCAS, GPWS, Altitude Ale
23、rt, etc.). There will, however, be a close relationship between the VSAD and TAWS since both use some of the same sensors, data bases, and address some of the same issues human centered design principles will be applied to the system design “lessons learned“ from past implementations will be applied
24、 to the design the display function may be stand-alone or part of a multi-function display the display will meet harmonized certification requirements and it will be designed with the understanding that if it is in the flight deck the flight crew will use it. 2. REFERENCES: 2.1 Applicable Documents:
25、 The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this docu
26、ment and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1.1 SAE Publications: Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, 11/arrendale, PA 15096-0001.
27、AS264 ARP268 AS425C ARP571 ARP1068 ARP1093 ARP1161 ARP1782 ARP1874 ARP4032 ARP4033 ARP4101 ARP410112 ARP4102 ARP4102/4 Instrument and Cockpit Lighting for Commercial Transport Aircraft Location and Actuation of Flight Deck Controls for Transport Aircraft Nomenclature and Abbreviations for Use on the
28、 Flight Deck Flight Deck Controls and Displays for Communication and Navigation Equipment for Transport Aircraft Flight Deck Instrumentation, Display Criteria and Associated Controls for Transport Aircraft Numeral, Letter, and Symbol Dimensions for Aircraft Instrument Displays Crew Station Lighting
29、- Commercial Aircraft Photometric and Colorimetric Measurement Procedures for Direct View CRT Displays Design Objectives for CRT Displays for Part 25 (Transport) Aircraft Human Engineering Considerations in the Application of Color to Electronic Aircraft Displays Pilot-System Integration Core Docume
30、nt, Flight Deck Layout and Facilities Pilot Visibility from the Flight Deck Core Document, Flight Deck Panels, Controls and Displays Flight Deck Alerting Systems SAE ARP5430 Page 6 of 52 2.1.1 (Continued): ARP4102/7 ARP4102/7 ARP4102/7 ARP4102/7 ARP4105 ARP4107 ARP4153 ARP4256 ARP4260 AS8034 Electro
31、nic Displays Appendix A- Electronic Display Symbology for EADI/PFD Appendix B- Electronic Display Symbology for EHSI/N D Appendix C - Electronic Display Symbology for Engine Displays Abbreviations and Acronyms for Use on the Flight Deck Aerospace Glossary for Human Factors Engineers Human Interface
32、Criteria for Collision Avoidance Systems in Transport Aircraft Design Objectives for Liquid Crystal Displays for Part 25 (Transport) Aircraft Photometric and Colorimetric Measurement Procedures for Airborne Direct View Flat Panel Displays (when approved) Minimum Performance Standards for Airborne Mu
33、ltipurpose Electronic Displays 2.1.2 FAA Publications: Available from Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Independence Avenue, S11!, 1/ashington, DC 20591. FAA-RD-81-3811 Aircraft Alerting System Standardization Study: Volume II Aircraft Alerting System Design Guidelines (Berson, et. al., 1981) DOT
34、/FAA/PS-89/1 Flight Status Monitor Design Guidelines (Anderson, et. al. 1989) 2.1.3 EUROCAE Publications: Available from EUROCAE, 17 Rue Hamelin, 75783 Paris Cedex 16, France. EU ROCAE ED76/RTCA D0200A EUROCAE ED77/RTCA D0201A Standards for Processing Aeronautical Data Industry Requirements for Aero
35、nautical Information 2.2 Related Publications: The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this SAE Aerospace Technical Report. FAAAC-23.1309-1A FAA AC-23.1311-1 FAAAC25-11 FAA Ac-25.1309-1A FAR Part 23 FAR Part 25/ JAR Part 25 FAR Part 27 TSO
36、-C113 Equipment, Systems, and Installations in Part 23 Airplane Installation of Electronic Display Instrument Systems In Part 23 Airplanes Transport Category Airplane Electronic Display Systems System Design Analysis Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, Acrobatic, and Commuter Category Airplane
37、s Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Rotorcraft Airborne Multipurpose Electronic Displays SAE ARP5430 Page 7 of 52 3. GLOSSARY: 3.1 Acronyms and Abbreviations: 3D AC ADS-B ARP ATC AIV CDU CFIT EADI EHSI FAA FAR FMS FSF GPS HUD ILS JAR LN
38、AV LOS MCP ND PFD POG POl PPOS QFE QNE QNH RNAV SAE TA TAWS TCAS TIS VNAV VSAD VPD WXR Three Dimensional Advisory Circular Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast Aerospace Recommended Practice (SAE) Air Traffic Control Aircraft/Vehicle Control Display Unit Controlled Flight into Terrain Electron
39、ic Attitude Direction Indicator Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator Federal Aviation Administration Federal Aviation Regulation Flight Management System Flight Safety Foundation Global Positioning System Head Up Display Instrument Landing System Joint Aviation Requirements Lateral Navigation L
40、ine of Sight Mode Control Panel Navigation Display Primary Flight Display Point of Gaze Point of Interest Present Position Field Elevation Pressure Standard Altimeter Setting Sea Level Pressure Area Navigation Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc Traffic Advisory Terrain Awareness 11/arning System T
41、raffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System Traffic Information Service Vertical Navigation Vertical Situation Awareness Display Vertical Profile Display Weather Radar (Airborne) SAE ARP5430 Page 8 of 52 3.2 Definition of Terms: 3D NAVIGATION DISPLAY: An electronic map display format that graphicall
42、y shows both horizontal and vertical information within the same image using a three-dimensional perspective or orthogonal projection on a two-dimensional display medium. ABSOLUTE ALTITUDE: Height of the aircraft above the terrain ACCURACY: A measure of the difference between the reported position a
43、s compared to the true position. Accuracy is usually defined in statistical terms of either: (1) a mean (bias) and a variation about the mean as defined by the standard deviation (sigma) or (2) a root mean square (rms) value from the mean. The values given in this document are in terms of the two si
44、gma variation from an assumed zero mean error. AIRCRAFT/JEHICLE (AI/): Either (1) a machine or service capable of atmospheric flight, or (2) a vehicle on the airport surface movement area. AIRPLANE STATE: The variables required to fully describe the dynamic behavior of an airplane and to predict thi
45、s behavior into the future. These variables include speed, flight path vector, attitude (pitch and roll), and horizontal track. Aircraft state is often represented as a state vector, which comprises the minimum number of values required to fully specify the state; from the state vector, related valu
46、es such as angle of attack, flight path angle and sideslip can be derived. AIR MASS DATA: Air mass data includes all aircraft sensor information which measures or is derived from the aircraft-local properties of the atmosphere. Direct measurements include air temperature, pressure, humidity and dens
47、ity; derived measurements include barometric corrected altitude (QNH), vertical speed and computed airspeed. AIRSPACE: In the most general sense, airspace refers to the atmosphere in which aircraft operate, extending upwards from the surface of the earth. However, the term airspace also commonly den
48、otes the spatia! boundaries used to define areas restricted to civilian flight and to subdivide the airspace into areas controllable by individual air traffic controllers. These airspace boundaries add a constraint to aircraft operations by limiting acceptable aircraft flight paths. ALERT: A visual,
49、 auditory or tactile stimulus presented to attract the flight crews attention and convey some information concerning an event/situation. AVAILABILITY: Is the probability that a function is up and able to perform were it called on. BAROMETRIC ALTITUDE: Geopotential altitude in the earths atmosphere above mean standard sea level pressure datum plane, measured by a pressure (barometric) altimeter. CAUTION:
