1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2017 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/ARP5718B AEROSPACE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE ARP5718 REV. B Issued 2008-03 Revised 2017-12 Supersedi
5、ng ARP5718A Qualifications Required for SAE Type II/III/IV Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluid RATIONALE This document has been updated to reflect current practices for obtaining holdover times for SAE Type II, III, and IV fluids. This includes the addition of a protocol to obtain lowest and highest u
6、sable precipitation rates from snow endurance time data sets, the addition of a description of wind tunnel testing, and the removal of the statement that Type IV fluids are included in the analysis to determine Type II generic holdover times. The title of the document has been modified to harmonize
7、it with the new sister standard being published for SAE Type I Fluids. Editorial changes have been made to reflect the current format of the holdover time guidelines and to improve clarity. FOREWORD Meeting all of the technical requirements of AMS1428 is not sufficient for a Type II, III, or IV de/a
8、nti-icing fluid to be used on an aircraft. For such a fluid to be used commercially, it must also have a holdover time guideline and be identified on a list of fluids published by regulators1. Before commercialization, it is further recommended that a field spray trial be conducted with the fluid to
9、 demonstrate acceptable operational performance. The intent of this ARP is to help fluid manufacturers and users understand the overall process that a Type II, III, or IV fluid must go through to obtain holdover time guidelines and be included on the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and Transpo
10、rt Canada lists of fluids. 1 The aircraft manufacturers typically identify the types of fluids which can be applied to their aircraft type. This information is usually located in the maintenance manual winter operations section or in the Aircraft Operating Manual (AOM). SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5718B Pa
11、ge 2 of 18 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 4 2. REFERENCES 4 2.1 Applicable Documents 4 2.1.1 SAE Publications . 4 2.1.2 FAA Publications . 5 2.1.3 Transport Canada Publications . 5 2.1.4 ASTM Publications 5 2.2 Acronyms 5 2.3 Definitions . 6 3. LABORATORY TESTING AND SAMPLE SELECTION . 7 3.1 Preliminary
12、 Work . 7 3.2 Fluid Testing According to AMS1428 7 3.2.1 Purpose . 7 3.2.2 Sample Selection 7 3.2.3 AMS1428 Appendix A Samples 7 3.3 Endurance Time Testing According to ARP5485 . 8 3.3.1 Purpose . 8 3.3.2 Sample Selection 8 3.4 Wind Tunnel Testing . 8 3.4.1 Purpose . 8 3.4.2 General Description 8 3.
13、4.3 Sample Selection 8 3.5 Water Spray Endurance Test Time Requirements . 8 4. FIELD SPRAY TESTING 9 4.1 Reason for Field Spray Test . 9 4.2 Sample Selection 9 4.3 Test Protocol . 9 4.4 Test Report . 9 5. PREPARATION OF DRAFT HOLDOVER TIME GUIDELINES AND FLUID LISTS 9 5.1 Holdover Time Guideline For
14、mat 9 5.1.1 Columns 9 5.1.2 Rows . 10 5.1.3 Cells 10 5.1.4 Notes . 10 5.1.5 Cautions 10 5.1.6 Date . 11 5.2 Restrictions . 11 5.3 Holdover Time Guidelines per Fluid 11 5.4 Holdover Time Values from Endurance Time Data 11 5.4.1 Rounding of Holdover Time Values 11 5.4.2 Capping of Holdover Time Values
15、 11 5.5 Lowest and Highest Usable Precipitation Rates from Natural Snow Endurance Time Data 12 5.5.1 Purpose . 12 5.5.2 Analysis Methodology . 12 5.6 Product Names . 13 5.7 Development of Fluid-Specific Holdover Time Guidelines 13 5.7.1 New Fluids 13 5.7.2 LOWV 14 5.7.3 Holdover Times for the “Below
16、 -14 C to LOUT” Row (Type II/ IV Fluids Only) . 14 5.7.4 Fluid Retesting 14 5.7.5 Addition of Fluid-Specific Holdover Time Guidelines for Licensee . 14 5.8 Development of Generic Holdover Time Guidelines . 15 SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5718B Page 3 of 18 5.9 Obligation of Fluid Manufacturers to Provide In
17、formation to FAA/Transport Canada 15 5.9.1 Obligation of Fluid Manufacturers to Notify on Commercial Products 15 5.9.2 Obligation of Fluid Manufacturers to Provide Original Preproduction AMS1428 Test Data for New Fluids . 15 5.9.3 Obligation of Fluid Manufacturers to Provide Periodic AMS1428 Test Da
18、ta 16 5.9.4 Additional Data Required by FAA and Transport Canada 16 5.10 FAA and Transport Canada Lists of Fluids . 16 5.11 Removal of Obsolete Fluids/Data from FAA and Transport Canada Holdover Time Guidelines . 17 6. ROLE OF THE SAE G-12 AIRCRAFT DEICING FLUIDS COMMITTEE . 17 7. ROLE OF THE SAE G-
19、12 HOLDOVER TIME COMMITTEE . 17 7.1 Holdover Time Committee Co-Chairs . 17 7.2 Holdover Time Committee Advisory Role . 17 7.3 Holdover Time Committee Meeting Mandatory Agenda Items . 18 8. PUBLICATION OF HOLDOVER TIME GUIDELINES AND FLUID LISTS . 18 9. TIMELINE 18 10. NOTES 18 10.1 Revision Indicato
20、r 18 Table 1 Factors used in LUPR/HUPR calculations 12 Table 2 LUPR/HUPR factor ratings 13 SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5718B Page 4 of 18 1. SCOPE This document describes: a. the preparatory steps to test experimental Type II, III, and IV fluids according to AMS1428; b. the recommendations for the preparat
21、ion of samples for endurance time testing according to ARP5485; c. a short description of wind tunnel testing; d. a short description of the recommended field spray test; e. the protocol to generate draft holdover time guidelines from endurance time data obtained from ARP5485; f. the protocol for in
22、clusion of Type II, III, and IV fluids on the FAA and Transport Canada lists of fluids and the protocol for updating the lists of fluids; g. the role of the SAE G-12 Aircraft Deicing Fluids Committee; h. the role of the SAE G-12 Holdover Time Committee; and i. the process for the publication of Type
23、 II, III, and IV holdover time guidelines. This document does not describe laboratory testing procedures. This document does not include the qualification requirements for AMS1424 Type I fluids (these are provided in ARP6207). 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a
24、part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, t
25、he text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (insid
26、e USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS1424 Fluid, Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing, SAE Type 1 AMS14282 Fluid, Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing, Non-Newtonian (Pseudoplastic), SAE Types II, III, and IV AMS1428/1 Fluid, Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing, Non-Newtonian (Pseudoplastic), S
27、AE Types II, III, and IV Glycol (Conventional and Non-Conventional) Based AMS1428/2 Fluid, Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing, Non-Newtonian (Pseudoplastic), SAE Types II, III, and IV Non-Glycol Based ARP5485 Endurance Time Tests for Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Fluids SAE Type II, III, and IV ARP5945 Endur
28、ance Time Tests for Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Fluids SAE Type I 2 AMS1428 section numbers throughout this ARP5718 are from AMS1428J. SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5718B Page 5 of 18 ARP6207 Qualifications Required for SAE Type I Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluids AS5900 Standard Test Method for Aerodynamic
29、 Acceptance of AMS1424 and AMS1428 Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluids AS5901 Water Spray and High Humidity Endurance Test Methods for SAE AMS1424 and SAE AMS1428 Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Fluids 2.1.2 FAA Publications Available from Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Independence Avenue, SW, Was
30、hington, DC 20591, Tel: 866-835-5322, www.faa.gov. FAA Holdover Time Guidelines. (These are published every winter. Always use the latest issue; search for “FAA Holdover Time” at www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/airline_operators/airline_safety/deicing/.) FAA-Approved Deicing Program Update
31、s, Winter 20XX-20XX. (This document is published every winter. Always use the latest issue; search for “FAA-Approved Deicing Program” at www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/orders_notices/.) 2.1.3 Transport Canada Publications Transport Canada documents are available from Transport Canada, Tower C, Pla
32、ce de Ville, 330 Sparks Street Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0N5, Tel: 1-800-305-2059, www.tc.gc.ca. Transport Canada Holdover Time Guidelines. (These are published every winter. Always use the latest issue.) Guidelines for Aircraft Ground Icing Operations. TP14052E, April 2005. 2.1.4 ASTM Publications Availa
33、ble from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM D1177 Standard Test Method for Freezing Point of Aqueous Engine Coolants 2.2 Acronyms FAA United States Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administra
34、tion. HOT Holdover Time HUPR Highest Usable Precipitation Rate LOUT Lowest Operational Use Temperature LOWV Lowest On-Wing Viscosity LUPR Lowest Usable Precipitation Rate MOWV Maximum On-Wing Viscosity OAT Outside Air Temperature WSET Water Spray Endurance Test SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5718B Page 6 of 1
35、8 2.3 Definitions AERODYNAMIC ACCEPTANCE: A performance test required under 3.2.5 of AMS1428 and defined in AS5900. ALLOWANCE TIME: Time, from the initial application of fluid, that a fluid is expected to provide protection of an aircraft against contamination from conditions of or mixed with ice pe
36、llets or small hail. Allowance times are derived from aerodynamic fluid flow off performance data and visual inspection of fluids exposed to these precipitation types. ENDURANCE TIME: Time that a fluid can endure defined and controlled temperature and precipitation conditions before visual failure.
37、Endurance time tests are defined in ARP5485. FAA/TRANSPORT CANADA LISTS OF FLUIDS: Lists published by Transport Canada and the FAA in their Holdover Time Guidelines which include fluids that have been tested for endurance times (according to ARP5485), anti-icing performance (according to 3.2.4 of AM
38、S1428 using the test method in AS5901) and aerodynamic acceptance (3.2.5 of AMS1428 using the test method in AS5900) only. FLUID-SPECIFIC HOLDOVER TIME (HOT) GUIDELINE: A holdover time guideline that contains holdover times for a specific Type II, III, or IV fluid. A fluid-specific holdover time gui
39、deline can only be used with the specific fluid it is intended for; it cannot be used with any other fluid. GENERIC HOLDOVER TIME (HOT) GUIDELINE: A holdover time guideline that contains holdover times for a given fluid type (i.e., SAE AMS1428 Type II, Type III, or Type IV). A generic holdover time
40、guideline can be used with any fluid that is qualified to be the same fluid type as the generic guideline. In the case of Type II, III, and IV fluids, the holdover times in the generic holdover time guideline represent the lowest holdover time performance (worst case) of all fluids separated by flui
41、d type under all conditions (see 5.8). HIGHEST USABLE PRECIPITATION RATE (HUPR): The highest precipitation rate at which an endurance time data set can be used to determine holdover times. HOLDOVER TIME (HOT): Time, from the initial application of fluid, that an anti-icing fluid is expected to provi
42、de protection of an aircraft against freezing or frozen precipitation. Holdover times are derived primarily from visual inspection of fluids exposed to freezing and frozen precipitation. HOLDOVER TIME GUIDELINE: A table giving the holdover time for various precipitation conditions and temperatures w
43、ith cautions and notes giving guidance to ground deicing/anti-icing crews and pilots. The “holdover time guideline” is also often referred to as “holdover time table”. LOWER SALES SPECIFICATION VISCOSITY LIMIT: Viscosity set by the fluid manufacturer for its sales specification. This viscosity must
44、be equal to or higher than the AMS1428 low viscosity and must be higher than the lowest on-wing viscosity (LOWV). LOWEST ON-WING VISCOSITY (LOWV): Viscosity reported by the laboratory performing the testing under 3.1.3 of ARP5485. The LOWV is published with the specific holdover time guideline for t
45、hat fluid. Fluids having an on-wing viscosity less than the LOWV cannot be used with holdover time guidelines. The LOWV must be below the lower sales specification viscosity limit. LOWEST OPERATIONAL USE TEMPERATURE (LOUT): The lowest operational use temperature of a Type II/III/IV fluid is generall
46、y recognized as the higher of: a. the lowest temperature at which it meets the aerodynamics acceptance test (AS5900) for a given type of aircraft or b. the freezing point of the fluid plus the freezing point buffer of 7 C (about 13 F). LOWEST USABLE PRECIPITATION RATE (LUPR): The lowest precipitatio
47、n rate at which an endurance time data set can be used to determine holdover times. SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5718B Page 7 of 18 MAXIMUM ON-WING VISCOSITY (MOWV): Refer to AMS1428 high viscosity. Fluids having a viscosity higher than the MOWV must not be used. UPPER SALES SPECIFICATION VISCOSITY LIMIT: V
48、iscosity set by the fluid manufacturer for its sales specification. This viscosity must be equal to or lower than the AMS1428 high viscosity or MOWV. WATER SPRAY ENDURANCE TEST (WSET): A performance test defined in AS5901. 3. LABORATORY TESTING AND SAMPLE SELECTION 3.1 Preliminary Work In the course
49、 of development work, it is normal for fluid manufacturers to prepare various samples and verify the physical and performance properties of the fluids. To do this they usually perform a certain amount of work within their own laboratories and will verify their results by having samples tested by the various external laboratories performing AMS1428 testing. 3.2 Fluid Testing According to AMS1428 3.2.1 Purpose The purpose of AMS1428 fluid t
