1、_ 6$(7HFKQLFDO6WDQGDUGV%RDUG5XOHVSURYLGHWKDW7KLVUHSRUWLVSXEOLVKH GE6$(WRDGYDQFHWKHVWDWHRIWHFKQLFDODQGHQJL neering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising tKHUHIURPLVWKHVROHUHVSRQVL
2、ELOLWRIWKHXVHU SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2017 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, st
3、ored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-079
4、0 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/AS6023 AEROSPACE STANDARD AS6023 Issued 2017-02 Active and Battery Assisted Passive Tags Intended for Aircraft Use RATIONALE In
5、creased use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) in supply chain and logistics has led to increasing demand for, and subsequent development of, a myriad of active battery-powered RFID tags with read ranges ranging from a few meters to kilometers and including non-volatile memory, sensors, and hu
6、man-machine interfaces. Aerospace industry adoption of RFID technology will be enhanced significantly by standardization of Active RFID tags. The requirements for Active RFID tags to be used in the aerospace industry are significantly different from non-aviation uses. Active RFID tags transmitting d
7、uring flight have the potential to interfere with aircraft operation. The technology is required to perform within specification under extreme operating conditions over many years Furthermore, the aerospace industry is subject to unique considerations regarding qualification, regulations, and safety
8、, which are enforced by national authorities such as the FAA, EASA, FCC, etc. These requirements, coupled with the relatively low manufacturing volumes, will drive up the per-part cost of tags developed for the aerospace industry. This will generate the need for a unique set of RFID tags specificall
9、y designed for use on aircraft. Adherence to this standard will decrease the development cost of these low-volume, high-capability RFID tags. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE . 3 1.1 Purpose 3 2. REFERENCES . 3 2.1 Applicable Documents . 3 2.1.1 SAE Publications 3 2.1.2 RTCA Publications . 3 2.1.3 EUROCAE
10、 Publications . 4 2.1.4 U.S. Government Publications . 4 2.1.5 Airlines for America, formerly known as Air Transport Association, Publications 4 2.1.6 Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) Publications 4 2.1.7 European Standards Publications 4 3. DEFINITIONS 4 4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 7 5. GENERAL CONFIGU
11、RATION . 7 6. APPLICABILITY . 8 7. OPERATIONAL APPLICATIONS 8 8. TAG MINIMUM PERFORMANCE - ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 9 SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6023 Page 2 of 13 9. TAG INSTALLATION . 12 10. QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL . 12 11. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR 13 12. RFID TAG MARKING . 13 13. NOTES . 13 13.1
12、Revision Indicator . 13 SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6023 Page 3 of 13 1. SCOPE The scope of this document is to: x Provide a requirements document for RFID Tag Manufacturers to produce active RFID tags for the Aerospace industry. x Identify the minimum performance requirements for active RFID tags to be use
13、d on or in close proximity to aircraft. x Specify the test requirements specific to active RFID tags for aircraft use, in addition to RTCA DO-160 compliance requirements separately called out in this document. x Identify existing standards applicable to active RFID Tag. x Provide a certification sta
14、ndard for RFID tags which will use permanently-affixed installation on aircraft and aircraft parts. x Battery standards are separately captured and not included in this document. 1.1 Purpose Active and battery assisted passive RFID tags are being widely endorsed for aircraft applications. Some of th
15、e applications include, sensing temperature, vibration, stress, fatigue, cargo handling, etc. Because these tags have a battery and transmit RF there is a possibility they could interfere with safety of flight. This document contains minimum performance standards for the active and battery assisted
16、passive RFID tags (hereafter refers to as active RFID tags). These standards specify tag characteristics that should be useful to designers, manufactures, installers and users of the tag. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this document to the extent spe
17、cified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes preceden
18、ce. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (o
19、utside USA), www.sae.org. AS9100 Quality Management Systems - Requirements for Aviation, Space and Defense Organizations 2.1.2 RTCA Publications Available from RTCA, Inc., 1150 18th Street, NW, Suite 910, Washington, DC 20036, Tel: 202-833-9339, www.rtca.org. RTCA/DO-160 Environmental Conditions and
20、 Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment RTCA/DO-311 Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Rechargeable Lithium Battery Systems SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6023 Page 4 of 13 2.1.3 EUROCAE Publications Available from EUROCAE, 102, rue Etienne Dolet, 92240 Malakoff, France, Tel: +33.1.40.92.79.30, . EU
21、ROCAE ED-14 Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment 2.1.4 U.S. Government Publications Copies of these documents are available online at http:/quicksearch.dla.mil. Title 14, CFR part 25, app. F, Part 1 - Test Criteria and Procedures for Showing Compliance with 25.853 (a)
22、(14 CFR part 25, Appendix F) Title 47, CFR Chapter 1 Federal Communications Commission, part 15 - Radio Frequency Devices (47 CFR part 15) 2.1.5 Airlines for America, formerly known as Air Transport Association, Publications Available from Airlines for America website: https:/publications.airlines.o
23、rg/CommerceProductDetail.aspx?Product=166. ATA Spec 2000, Chapter 9: Automated Identification and Data Capture 2.1.6 Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) Publications Available from the FAA website: https:/www.faa.gov/ TSO-C142a Non-Rechargeable Lithium Cells and Batteries, and TSO-C179, Rechargeable Li
24、thium Cells and Lithium Batteries TSO-C179 Rechargeable Lithium Cells and Lithium Batteries 2.1.7 European Standards Publications Available from the European Standards website: http:/www.en-standard.eu/ EN 9100 Quality Management Systems - Requirements for Aviation, Space and Defense Organizations 2
25、.2 Definitions CFR: Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations A4A: Airlines for America (formerly Air Transport Association/ATA): Airline trade association whose purpose is Airlines for America (A4A) advocates on behalf of its members to shape crucial policies and measures that promote safety, sec
26、urity and a healthy U.S. airline industry. A4A through the ATA e-Business Program coordinates standards creation within Engineering, Maintenance and Material. ACTIVE RFID: RFID device having the ability of producing a radio signal in accordance with ISO 19762:2016 standard. AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS: U
27、sed on products created for the aerospace industry. AIRBORNE USE: Used on aircraft while in flightas opposed to Ground Service Equipment, which is used on aircraft, but only while the aircraft is on the ground. BAR-CODE: A standard method of identifying items based on lines of varying widths and spa
28、cing that are visually read by a scanner. BAP: Battery Assisted Passive RFID tags that have an on-board battery or other power source to power the electronics in the tag, minimizing the power required from the reader RF Beam. They backscatter like a Passive UHF tag only when they are interrogated. B
29、AP tags have greater read ranges than purely passive tags. SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6023 Page 5 of 13 BROADCAST INTERVAL: The period between transmissions from a broadcast-mode active tag. This might be configurable from hours to fractions of a second depending on the requirements of the application. Sho
30、rter interval reduces latency but reduces battery life. BROADCAST MODE RFID TAGS: Tags which have been configured to continually send a unique ID number and RSWLRQDOOVHQVRURUPHPRUGDWDDWDVSHFLILHGLQWHUYDO$OVRUHIHUUHGWRDEHDFRQWDJVRUWDJDOZDVWDONV CLOSE PROXIMITY: Within the coverage area of the transmi
31、tter that includes aircraft. EASA: European Aviation Safety Agency: Successor to the pan-European Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA), which was cooperatively formed by several European national aviation agencies. EIRP: Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power: The amount of power that would have to be emit
32、ted by an isotropic antenna (that evenly distributes power in all directions and is a theoretical construct) to produce the peak power density observed in the direction of maximum antenna gain. ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute produces globally-applicable standards for Informati
33、on and Communications Technologies (ICT), including fixed, mobile, radio, converged, broadcast and internet technologies. EUROCAE: European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment is a nonprofit organization which develops consensus-based aviation standards. FAA: Federal Aviation Administration: T
34、he airworthiness and aviation authority in the United States of America. FCC: Federal Communications Commission: The regulator of radio-magnetic spectrum uses in the United States of America. HUMAN-READABLE: Human-readable refers to a representation of information that can be naturally read by human
35、s. In most contexts, the alternative representation is data primarily designed for reading by a machine, e.g., scanner/computer/etc. IEC: International Eletrotechnical Commission INTEGRATED NAMEPLATE: An Integrated Nameplate is an identification and/or marking that in addition to its human readable
36、part contains and/or is enabled with an embedded RFID chip or device that may be utilized in the same manner as other identification and markings as shown in 14 CFR Parts 21.185 and 45. The RFID enabled segment of the Integrated Nameplate shall have the same part identification information, i.e. par
37、t Birth Record elements as defined in ATA Spec 2000 encoded in digital and printed in text formats. Bar code representation of the same data is typically included. For Integrated Nameplates the human readable segment will act as primary part marking and the RFID enabled segment is considered ancilla
38、ry part marking. Integrated Nameplate, as used in this standard only, is only interchangeable with an identical Integrated Nameplate. INTERROGATOR (READER/WRITER): Radio Frequency device whose purpose is to read data from RFID tags or write data to them. There exist both hand-held versions and desk-
39、top versions. Hand-held interrogators have battery power and on-board modulator/demodulators to allow reading permanently-affixed tags while moving past them, and are usually limited in power output. ISO: International Organization for Standardization: An international association that manages the p
40、rocess of setting global standards for communications and information exchange. ISM: Industrial, scientific, and medical radio band. Refers to a group of radio bands or parts of the radio spectrum that are internationally reserved for the use of radio frequency (RF) energy intended for scientific, m
41、edical and industrial requirements rather than for communications. LRU: Line Replaceable Unit: A component that can be pulled off the aircraft bOLQHPHFKDQLFVDQGUHSODFHGZLWKDQidentical part, as opposed to requiring depot-OHYHO RU PDQXIDFWXUHUV $2* DLUSODQH RQ WKH JURXQG WHDPV WR GRmaintenance in situ
42、. SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6023 Page 6 of 13 MACHINE-READABLE: The term machine-readable (or computer-readable) refers to information encoded in a form which can be read (i.e., scanned/sensed) by a machine/computer and interpreted by the machines hardware and/or software. Machine-readable technologies in
43、clude optical character recognition (OCR) and barcodes. RANGE: The straight-line distance between two articles, e.g., an RFID tag and an RFID interrogator. 5$1*( 0,1,080 5(48,5( 7KH PLQLPXP GLVWDQFH EHWZHHQ WKH 5), FKLS DQG WKH LQWHUURJDWRUV DQWHQ QD WKDWVDWLVILHVDUHTXLUHPHQWIRUDFXVWRPHUVVSHFLIL cat
44、ions. READER/WRITER: SHHINTERROGATOR. 5(63216(02(5),7$*$Q5),WDJRSHUDWLQJLQDUHDGHUWDONVILUVWDUFKLWHFWXUH 6XFKWDJVRQOWUDQVPLWLQresponse to a command from an RFID reader. RFID: Radio Frequency Identification: A mechanism of applying a unique identifier to an artifact, plant, person or animal for the pu
45、rpose of tracking, tracing and locating, using machine readable, non-line of sight technologies. RFID technology provides for non-line of sight creation, modification and deletion of the unique identifier. RF is defined as Radio Frequency, which describes non-line of sight transmission of data and e
46、nergy between a radio transmitter/receiver known as an interrogator (reader) and the ID chip that contains the identifier (ID). RTCA: Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics: RTCA, Inc. is a private, not-for-profit corporation that develops consensus-based recommendations regarding communications, navigation, surveillance, and air traffic management (CNS/ATM) system issues. RTCA functions as a Federal Advisory Committee. SAE: SAE International: SAE is a technical standards development org
