1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2014 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AS6228AEROSPACESTANDARDAS6228Issued 2014-09Safety Requirements for Procurement, M
5、aintenance and Use of Hand-held Powered Tools RATIONALE The creation of AS6228 is initiated in order to meet (1) the need for an industry standard on low vibration tool requirements to prevent hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) and reduce exposures to noise and ergonomic stresses, and (2) the need f
6、or Processes Facilitating and Monitoring Productivity, Safety/Health and Sustainability for Hand-held Powered Tools. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 3 1.1 Sections 3 1.2 Classifications . 3 1.2.1 Type I Pneumatic Tools 3 1.2.2 Type II Electric Tools including corded electric and battery powered . 4 1.2.3
7、 Type III Liquid Fuel Tools 4 1.2.4 Type IV Hydraulic Tools 4 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS AND DATA SOURCES 5 2.1 SAE Publications . 5 2.2 ASME Publications 5 2.3 ISO Publications 5 2.4 Military and Federal Standards . 7 2.5 ANSI Publications . 7 2.6 Data Sources for Power Hand Tool Noise and Vibration 7
8、 2.7 Additional Publications 8 2.8 Web-Based Data Sources 9 2.9 Electrical Safety for Powered Hand Tool References . 9 2.10 Video/DVD 10 2.11 Definitions . 10 2.12 Symbols, Acronyms and Terminology 14 2.12.1 Symbols and Terminology Associated with Segmental Vibration . 14 2.12.2 Symbols and Terminol
9、ogy Associated with Noise 15 3. REQUIREMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION 15 3.1 Requirements for Power Tools . 15 3.1.1 Illustrations 15 3.1.2 Materials 15 3.1.3 Safety Requirements . 15 3.1.4 Marking, Labeling and Technical instructions . 15 3.1.5 Packages used to Contain the Individual
10、Tools (Package Marking) 18 SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6228 Page 2 of 69 3.1.6 Interface between Tool Drives and Attachments 18 3.1.7 Square Drive Ends 20 3.1.8 Type and Classes of Tools with Square-end Drives . 20 3.1.9 Drive End Requirements . 20 3.1.10 Tool Users Manual and instructions . 20 3.1.11 Workm
11、anship 22 3.1.12 Mechanical Performance 22 3.1.13 Safe Operation of Power Tools . 22 3.2 Noise/VibrationTest Conditions . 22 3.3 Tool Safety and Productivity Guidance for Users . 23 3.4 Management Process . 23 3.5 Guidance for Sustainable Product Evaluation and Procurement . 23 3.5.1 Recommended Wei
12、ghting Factors 24 3.5.2 Auxiliary Equipment and Evaluation of Operating Conditions 25 3.5.3 Guidance for Procurement Staff and Prospective Vendors 25 3.6 Program for Routine Maintenance of Equipment and Replacement/Repair of Damaged or Outdated Tools . 25 3.7 Guidance for Comparative Workplace Produ
13、ct Evaluation . 26 3.8 Summary of Training Recommendations 28 3.9 Safety and Programmatic Oversight . 29 4. TESTING . 29 5. NOTES 29 APPENDIX A NOTIONAL GUIDANCE FOR PROCUREMENT EVALUATION OF POWERED HAND TOOLS FOR PRODUCTIVITY, SUSTAINABILITY, LIFE-CYCLE COST AND SAFETY/HEALTH FACTORS . 30APPENDIX
14、B NOTIONAL FORMATS FOR USER EVALUATION OF POWERED HAND TOOLS . 47 APPENDIX C MEASUREMENT REPORTS 57 APPENDIX D TESTING (NORMATIVE) 61 APPENDIX E GUIDANCE FOR TOOL USERS (NOTIONAL) 63 SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6228 Page 3 of 69 1. SCOPE This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers the requirements and technical
15、 guidance for evaluation of life-cycle cost, productivity, and safety/health factors related to power hand tool selection. It applies approaches to selection of quieter andlower vibration hand-held powered tools, with optimal ergonomic features, for the prevention of Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAV
16、S), hearing loss and repetitive motion injuries. It suggests use of noise and vibration data provided by vendors to be verified and supplemented by information available through the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and European Union databases. Inclusion/exclusion of dat
17、a in this document is not intended to imply that all of the products described herein are the only production models that meet this standard. Consumers are requested to consult with manufacturers concerning lists of stock production models that meet this standard. Guidance for selection, procurement
18、 and maintenance of power hand tools should be one component of management processes supporting productivity, reliability and product quality while safe guarding the safety and health of employees. Workplace design, procurement of safest available products and periodic evaluation is integral to risk
19、/cost management and promotion of personnel morale and efficient operations. An ergonomics program should be an integral part of occupational health and management systems, such as those outlined in ANSI Z10-2012. 1.1 Sections This document is divided into the following sections: 1. SCOPE 2. APPLICA
20、BLE DOCUMENTS AND DATA SOURCES 3. REQUIREMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION 4. TESTING APPENDIX A NOTIONAL GUIDANCE FOR PROCUREMENT EVALUATION OF POWERED HAND TOOLS FOR PRODUCTIVITY, SUSTAINABILITY, LIFE CYCLE COST AND SAFETY/HEALTH FACTORS APPENDIX B NOTIONAL GUIDANCE FOR USER EVALUATION
21、OF POWERED HAND TOOLS APPENDIX C MEASUREMENT REPORTS APPENDIX D TESTING APPENDIX E TOOL SAFETY AND PRODUCTIVITY GUIDANCE FOR USERS 1.2 Classifications Hand-held power tools covered by this AS shall be classified as follows: 1.2.1 Type I Pneumatic Tools Class 1: Grinders/Polishers Style A - Straight
22、Style B - Angle Style C - Die grinders including straight and angled categories Style D - Vertical grinders SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6228 Page 4 of 69 Class 2: Drills Class 3: Percussive tools (Chipping and Riveting Hammers and Needle Scalers, Rammers and Road Breakers (Jackhammers, etc.) Class 4: Nailer
23、s/Staplers Class 5: Impact Wrenches (Impulse tools) Class 6: Nut Runners/Screwdrivers Class 7: Saws 1.2.2 Type II Electric Tools including corded electric and battery powered Class 1: Grinders/Polishers Style A - Straight Style B - Angle Style C - Die Class 2: Drills Class 3: Percussive tools (Chipp
24、ing and Riveting Hammers and Needle Scalers, etc.) Class 4: Nailers/Staplers Class 5: Impact Wrenches (Impulse tools) Class 6: Nut Runners/Screwdrivers Class 7: Saws 1.2.3 Type III Liquid Fuel Tools Class 1: Chain Saws Class 2: Yard Equipment (Mowers/Leaf Blowers/String Trimmers) Class 3: Concrete S
25、aws/Cutting Saws (Hand Held) Class 4: Drills (Including Post Hole Diggers) Class 5: Rammers and Road Breakers (Jackhammers) 1.2.4 Type IV Hydraulic Tools Class 1: Prying Tools Class 2: Hammers Class 3: Cutters Class 4: Rams Class 5: Impact Wrenches (Impulse tools) Class 6: Torque Tools (Including Nu
26、tsetters) SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6228 Page 5 of 69 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS AND DATA SOURCES The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect o
27、n the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1 SAE P
28、ublications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE 931774 Gotman, A. and Guerrero, R., “Torque Reactionless Differential Hand Held Rotary Power Tools,“ SAE Technical
29、 Paper 931774, 1993, doi:10.4271/931774 AS478N Identification Marking Methods 2.2 ASME Publications Available from ASME, P.O. Box 2900, 22 Law Drive, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900, Tel: 800-843-2763 (U.S./Canada), 001-800-843-2763 (Mexico), 973-882-1170 (outside North America), www.asme.org.ASME B107.4-2
30、005 Driving and Spindle Ends for Portable Hand, Impact, Air and Electric Tools (Percussion Tools Excluded) 2.3 ISO Publications Available from International Organization for Standardization, ISO Central Secretariat, 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel: +41 22 749 01
31、11, www.iso.org.ISO 5349-1 Mechanical vibration - Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration - Part 1: General requirements ISO 5349-2 Mechanical vibration - Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration - Part 2: Practical guidance for me
32、asurement at the workplace ISO 5391 Pneumatic tools and machines - vocabulary ISO 11148-series (includes) ISO 11148-1:2011 Hand-held non-electric power tools - Safety requirements - Part 1: Assembly power tools for non-threaded mechanical fasteners ISO 11148-2:2011 Hand-held non-electric power tools
33、 - Safety requirements - Part 2: Cutting-off and crimping power toolsISO 11148-3:2012 Hand-held non-electric power tools - Safety requirements - Part 3: Drills and tappers ISO 11148-4:2012 Hand-held non-electric power tools - Safety requirements - Part 4: Non-rotary percussive power tools ISO 11148-
34、5:2011 Hand-held non-electric power tools - Safety requirements - Part 5: Rotary percussive drills ISO 11148-6:2012 Hand-held, non-electric power tools - Safety requirements - Part 6: Assembly power tools for threaded fasteners ISO 11148-7:2012 Hand-held non-electric power tools - Safety requirement
35、s - Part 7: Grinders SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6228 Page 6 of 69 ISO 11148-8:2011 Hand-held non-electric power tools - Safety requirements - Part 8: Sanders and polishers ISO 11148-9:2011 Hand-held non-electric power tools - Safety requirements - Part 9: Die grinders ISO 11148-10:2011 Hand-held non-electr
36、ic power tools - Safety requirements - Part 10: Compression power tools ISO 11148-11:2011 Hand-held non-electric power tools - Safety requirements - Part 11: Nibblers and shears ISO 11148-12:2012 Hand-held non-electric power tools - Safety requirements - Part 12: Circular, oscillating and reciprocat
37、ing saws ISO 15744:2008 Hand-held non-electric power tools - Noise measurement code - Engineering method (grade 2) ISO/TS 21108:2005 Hand-held power tools - Impulse wrenches - Dimensions and tolerances of interface to power socket ISO 28927- series (includes) ISO 28927-1:2009 Hand-held portable powe
38、r tools - Test methods for evaluation of vibration emission - Part 1: Angle and vertical grinders ISO 28927-2:2009 Hand-held portable power tools - Test methods for evaluation of vibration emission - Part 2: Wrenches, nutrunners and screwdrivers ISO 28927-3:2009 Hand-held portable power tools - Test
39、 methods for evaluation of vibration emission - Part 3: Polishers and rotary, orbital and random orbital sanders ISO 28927-4:2010 Hand-held portable power tools - Test methods for evaluation of vibration emission - Part 4: Straight grinders ISO 28927-5:2009 Hand-held portable power tools - Test meth
40、ods for evaluation of vibration emission - Part 5: Drills and impact drills ISO 28927-6:2009 Hand-held portable power tools - Test methods for evaluation of vibration emission - Part 6: Rammers ISO 28927-7:2009 Hand-held portable power tools - Test methods for evaluation of vibration emission - Part
41、 7: Nibblers and shears ISO 28927-8:2009 Hand-held portable power tools - Test methods for evaluation of vibration emission - Part 8: Saws, polishing and filing machines with reciprocating action and small saws with oscillating or rotating actionISO 28927-9:2009 Hand-held portable power tools - Test
42、 methods for evaluation of vibration emission - Part 9: Scaling hammers and needle scalers ISO 28927-10:2011 Hand-held portable power tools - Test methods for evaluation of vibration emission - Part 10: Percussive drills, hammers and breakers ISO 28927-11:2011 Hand-held portable power tools - Test m
43、ethods for evaluation of vibration emission - Part 11: Stone hammers ISO 28927-12:2012 Hand-held portable power tools - Test methods for evaluation of vibration emission - Part 12: Die grinders ISO 8662-11:1999 Hand-held portable power tools - Measurement of vibrations at the handle - Part 11: Faste
44、ner driving toolsSAE INTERNATIONAL AS6228 Page 7 of 69 ISO/TR 22521:2005 Portable hand-held forestry machines - Vibration emission values at the handles - Comparative data in 2002 ISO/TS 15694:2004 Mechanical vibration and shock - Measurement and evaluation of single shocks transmitted from hand-hel
45、d and hand-guided machines to the hand-arm system ISO/TR 27609:2007 Vibration in hand-held tools. Vibration measurement methods for grinders. Evaluation of round-robin test 2.4 Military and Federal Standards Available from the Assist datbase https:/assist.dla.mil/online/start/Defense Logistics Agenc
46、y, DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 ASSIST-Help Desk team at 215-697-6396MIL-STD-882E Department of Defense Standard Practice for System Safety 11 May 2012 MIL-STD-1474G (or latest version) 11 January 2012 Design Criteria Standard - Human Engineeri
47、ng MIL-STD-129P (w/change 4) 19 September 2007 Department of Defense Standard Practice; Military MarkingFederal Standard 123 H August 8, 2007 Marking for Shipment and Storage (Civil Agencies) Available from http:/2.5 ANSI Publications Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43r
48、d Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org.ANSI/ASA S2.70-2006 (R-2011) Guide for the Measurement and Evaluation of Human Exposure to Vibration Transmitted to the Hand ANSI S2.73-2002 (R 2007)/ISO 10819:1996 Mechanical vibration and shock - Hand-arm vibration - Method f
49、or the measurement and evaluation of the vibration transmissibility of gloves at the palm of the hand ANSI/ASA S2.1-2009/ISO 2041:2009 Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring - Vocabulary ANSI Z10-2012 Safety Management Systems ANSI S1.4-1983 American National Standard Specification for Sound Level Meters ANSI Z590.3-2011 Prevention through Design Guidelines for Addressing Occupational hazards and Risks in Desi
