1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2016 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publi
3、cation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (out
4、side USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: CustomerServicesae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visithttp:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AS6286/5AEROSPACESTANDARDAS6286/5Issued 2016-09Health, Safety and First AidRATIONALEIn conjun
5、ction with the main document AS6286 and other related slash sheets this document will provide training and qualification standards to set up a proper training and qualification program to deice and anti-ice aircraft on the ground. Information to support this training program is provided to make the
6、material a better tool for the preparation and execution of the training & qualification. It is intended to provide a common basis for deicing/anti-icing training and qualification fordeicing providers and airlines. This material was compiled using various international documents with support from S
7、AE documents and individually contributed editorial comments. Its purpose is to serve as a “Globalized Deicing Training Manual”.The document is intended to promote and develop safe practices, effective procedures and improved technology related to training of aircraft ground operations in winter con
8、ditions to ensure the highest possible levels of safety for passengers, flight crew and ground personnel.It shall ensure continued compliance with all relevant standards and regulatory requirements, and shall ensure that it continues to reflect current industry best practice.It shall contribute to d
9、evelop training standards and specifications related to the deicing/anti-icing of aircraft on the ground in conjunction with international standards organizations. The document shall support the preparation of training material for aircraft ground deicing/anti-icing purposes, harmonized with other o
10、rganizations in the aircraft ground deicing/anti-icing field (for example SAE, ISO, IATA, ICAO and regulatory authorities).FOREWORDWhile the materials, methods, applications, and processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification do
11、es not address the hazards which may be involved in such use. It is the sole responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous materials and processes and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved.-
12、 All guidelines referred to herein are applicable only in conjunction with the referenced SAE specifications. Guidelines for airplane model type are included as examples in AS6286/6. Due to aerodynamic and other concerns application of deicing/anti-icing fluids shall be carried out in compliance wit
13、h engine and aircraft manufacturers requirements.This manual is divided in two parts:1. Training and qualification standards, including the scope of training.2. Overview and background information about deicing/anti-icing procedures and related subjects.SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6286/5 Page 2 of 7TABLE OF
14、 CONTENTS1. SCOPE 31.1 Field of Application 32. REFERENCES 32.1 Applicable Publications . 32.2 Definitions and Abbreviations . 33. HEALTH, SAFETY AND FIRST AID. 33.1 Health 33.2 Safety 43.3 First Aid . 44. ANNEX BACKGROUND INFORMATION. 44.1 General 44.2 Deicing Fluids 54.3 Personal Health and Safety
15、 64.4 Operational Safety 64.5 Human Factors 65. NOTES 75.1 Revision Indicator 7SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6286/5 Page 3 of 71. SCOPE1.1 Field of ApplicationThis document shall be used in conjunction with:AS6286 Training and Qualification Program for Deicing/Anti-icing of Aircraft on the GroundAS6286/1 Proc
16、esses including MethodsAS6286/2 EquipmentAS6286/3 FluidsAS6286/4 WeatherAS6286/6 Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Diagrams, No-Spray-Zones2. REFERENCES2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of publications shall
17、apply.Refer to AS6286 Main document 1.4 for all applicable and related publications.2.2 Definitions and AbbreviationsRefer to AS6285 Aircraft Ground Deicing/Anti-icing Processes.3. HEALTH, SAFETY AND FIRST AIDDeicing/anti-icing fluid application may present health and safety issues to flight and gro
18、und personnel, as well as the passengers of the carrier. An effective training program should include the dangers, precautions and first aid associated with deicing/anti-icing fluid applications.3.1 Health- Caution should be used when using deicing/anti-icing fluids. Consult the fluid manufacturer d
19、ocumentation (Safety Data Sheets) to determine hazards of the fluid in use and the appropriate precautions to take.- Application equipment presents additional hazards, such as heating and pressurization of fluids. Consult the equipment manufacturer documentation to determine the hazards and the appr
20、opriate precautions to be taken.- Human Factors in Deicing Operations: Considerations should be given to factors such as, but not limited to, fatigue, lighting, labeling, special use fittings, memory aids and the effects of prolonged exposure to adverse weather. Special attention should be given to
21、communications in order to avoid injury to personnel or damage to aircraft.SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6286/5 Page 4 of 73.2 Safety- Aircraft may be damaged by indiscriminate application of deicing/anti-icing fluid or manual removal of contaminants. Areas on the aircraft that require special attention must
22、be identified to the deicing/anti-icing crew during the initial/recurrent training.- A slippery condition may exist on the ground or equipment following deicing/anti-icing procedure. Caution should be exercised particularly under low humidity or non-precipitation weather conditions.- Training on saf
23、ety equipment use should include (as applicable), but not be limited to:a. Seat belt and/or fall protection equipment (i.e., lanyard and harness)b. Eye/face protectionc. Respiratory protection (where required)d. Weatherproof clothinge. Glovesf. Hearing protectiong. Safety footwearh. Any additional e
24、quipment identified by regulations or carrieri. Reflective wearEmergency procedures shall be trained on a regular basis.3.3 First AidSpecific procedures regarding emergency medical treatment should be developed.4. ANNEX BACKGROUND INFORMATION4.1 GeneralSafety is an issue concerning everyone involved
25、. Operational safety, equipment safety, flight safety, personal safety andhealth etc. are elements that need to be checked and verified for proper procedures. Many companies and airlines havetheir own manuals regarding the subject and they should be followed. The airport may dictate general rules of
26、 conduct in emergency situations (and special cases) from an airport operations point of view and by the operators from a companypoint of view. Airport equipment needs to be qualified for every specific task accordingly and the personnel using them shall have the proper training and qualification fo
27、r its use. The airport is planned for aircraft operations, but there has to be a large amount of ground service equipment to fulfill all the tasks needed for an efficient and safe departure. All this “action”on the ground can lead to many “close encounters” and procedural training should be performe
28、d for the whole ground staff for each particular task and for the apron operation in general.SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6286/5 Page 5 of 74.2 Deicing FluidsMany different deicing/anti-icing fluids are in use all around the world. There are several fluid manufacturers that can provide certified fluids for t
29、he market. The composition of the fluid varies by region and by manufacturer and also depending onthe use of the glycol (aircraft deicing/anti-icing or apron, taxiway and runway deicers). Some compounds that can befound in use at airports and operators are propylene-, ethylene- and di-ethylene glyco
30、l, urea, potassium acetate, calcium magnesium acetate, sodium acetate, sodium formate, chlorides and isopropyl alcohol. Propylene- and ethylene glycol are perhaps the most common in use and known for aircraft deicing/anti-icing.For aircraft deicing/anti-icing operations, Type I, Type II, Type III, a
31、nd Type IV are used to identify different deicing and anti-icing fluids and their specific application. These fluids are diluted to some extent with water. Additives are used in the fluid to make it serve a specific task. These additives can be as an example:a. Surfactants (wetting agents)b. Corrosi
32、on inhibitorsc. Flame-retardantd. pH bufferse. Dyesf. Complex Polymers (Thickening Agents)The major components are glycol and water. Additives comprise approximately 1% - 2% (Type I and Type II/III/IVrespectively) of the fluids. All fluids are required to meet certain standards (AMS1424 and AMS1428)
33、. These fluidswould be unable (or restrictively) to meet SAE standards without additives.Glycols are tested for environmental impact and for operational use. Some of these tests may include:a. Mammal toxicityb. Aquatic Toxicityc. Acute oral toxicityd. Acute inhalation toxicitye. Acute dermal toxicit
34、yf. Irritant effect on sking. Irritant effect on eyesh. Sensitizationi. MutagenicityEven if glycols are found to have low toxicity proper precautions should be taken. Pure glycols have been tested and results concluded but additives are considered a trade secret so all aspects have not been tested w
35、hen it comes to aircraft deicing/anti-icing fluids. Ethylene- and propylene- glycol compounds are found/used among others in food, make-up products, paint, lacquer, automotive antifreeze etc. Irritation and vapors etc. has not been found to be toxic. Oralingestion is in general toxic for ethylene gl
36、ycol but propylene glycol has not been found to be toxic, but with largequantities it can reach a dangerous level. In normal operational use, ingesting glycol orally should not be possible (excluding some drops from splashing). Consult the specific material safety data sheet (SDS) received from the
37、fluid manufacturerfor proper safety procedures.SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6286/5 Page 6 of 74.3 Personal Health and SafetyDeicing operations is many times subjected to harsh elements. There are cold temperatures, wind, some sort ofprecipitation, loud noises from aircraft engines/APU, jet blast, marginal su
38、nlight/airport lighting at wintertime, maneuvering a large deicing vehicle in narrow areas between aircraft and the deicing spraying itself. Despite all of these items (andothers) the deicing operation can be performed safely and efficiently with the proper training, equipment and safetygear. Deicin
39、g vehicles are basically divided into open-basket and closed-basket deicers. A closed-basket protects thedeicing operator from many of the mentioned elements but if there are procedures performed outside the vehicle, proper safety gear should be used.When deicing from an open-basket the deicing oper
40、ator is also subjected to glycol mist (among the rest mentionedearlier) while spraying and proper protective clothes and gear should be used. Rubber gloves, water proof clothing,water proof shoes (proper footwear), hearing protector and safety harness are items that should be used for sufficientprot
41、ection under such conditions. Sufficient washing of hands, neck and face (any areas subjected to outside elements)should be remembered in order to minimize any possible skin irritation caused by glycols. Hearing protectors are very important because of the high amount of noise at the apron. Noises b
42、etween 80-100 decibel are quite ordinary, but even 120 decibels can be experienced at times. The noise experienced over time (work period) should also be considered.4.4 Operational SafetyOperational safety includes the proper performance of deicing operations around/close to aircraft, equipment and
43、deicing fluid filling station procedures, airport operations in general, knowledge of aircraft movements at the apron, danger of jet blast etc. These subjects should be covered during training and there should be a clear procedure of operation relating to these items. The deicing vehicle should be c
44、hecked for proper condition before use. Items such as fire extinguisher,boom emergency lowering, emergency stop buttons, work lights, the chassis in general, fluid filling ports, engine area, manuals, communication equipment, safety gear and fluids (among others) should be in correct condition and a
45、vailable.Slippery conditions can exist on the ground and on the equipment surface following the deicing/anti-icing procedure.Caution should be exercised, particularly under low humidity or non-precipitating weather conditions due to increased slipperiness following the use of glycol that is not dilu
46、ted by the weather element.The operation around aircraft can be subjected to many dangerous elements such as noise, jet blast (and suction), turningpropellers, moving aircraft, low visibility etc. The procedure for each situation must be clear and proper training shouldbe received. The deicing opera
47、tion can be performed at gate (or after pushback) at some airports and this limits thedanger caused by running engines and moving aircraft. Centralized/remote deicing has its own procedure and theproper operation must be clear for all involved (flight crew and ground crew). Jet blast is very dangero
48、us if subjected to it at close range (“close range” can be a relative term, but the distance should refer to idle and brake-off thrust). Not onlythe main engines but also the blast from the APU can be dangerous when operating in an open-basket. Driving behindjet blast should be avoided at all times
49、and the deicing procedure around the aircraft should be planned accordingly. Theengine inlet also causes a threat due to the suction force and this area should be avoided as well.Communication is an important part of the procedure (especially during centralized/remote operation) to verify a safe andcorrect operation. No misleading comments shall be spoken and unclear issues shall be verified. The airport usually gives out the lim
