1、 _ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising ther
2、efrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2017 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this
3、publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-49
4、70 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/AS6316 AEROSPACE STANDARD AS6316 Issued 2017-06 Performance Standards for Oblique Facing Passe
5、nger Seats in Transport Aircraft RATIONALE The use of oblique facing passenger seats has become prevalent for business and first class seating arrangements on many airlines. Industry standard test requirements and occupant injury criteria that suppliment the requirements of AS8049 are required for t
6、hese types of seats. This standard supersedes ARP6316. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE . 3 1.1 Purpose 3 1.2 Seat Types . 3 1.3 Units . 3 1.4 Use of Should and Shall . 3 2. REFERENCES . 4 2.1 Applicable Documents . 4 2.2 Definitions . 5 2.3 General Definitions . 6 3. GENERAL DESIGN . 7 4. STRENGTH . 7 5.
7、 QUALIFICATION TESTS . 7 6. MARKINGS 9 7. NOTES . 9 8. Reserved 9 9. Reserved 9 SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6316 Page 2 of 14 10. ADDITIONAL PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR OBLIQUE FACING SEATS 9 10.1 Test 1 - Structural and Occupant Injury Evaluation 9 10.1.1 Occupant Simulation 9 10.1.2 Contactable Items 9 10.1
8、.3 Occupant Injury Criteria 9 10.2 Test 2 - Structural Evaluation . 10 10.2.1 Occupant Simulation 10 10.2.2 Contactable Items 10 10.2.3 Selection of Test Conditions 10 10.2.4 Combining Structural and Occupant Injury Tests . 10 10.3 Test 2 - Occupant Injury Evaluation . 10 10.3.1 Occupant Simulation
9、10 10.3.2 Contactable Items and Occupant Injury Assessments 10 10.3.3 Selection of Test Conditions 10 10.3.4 Occupant Injury Criteria 11 10.4 Restraint Systems 12 10.4.1 General Design 12 10.4.2 Airbags . 12 10.5 Other Considerations . 13 10.5.1 Recording of Shoulder Harness Loads 13 10.5.2 ATD Plac
10、ement 13 Figure 1 Location of Leg Rotation Photometric Targets . 8 Figure 2 Typical Axial Rotation Sensor Installation (Es2 ATD Shown) 8 Figure 3 ATD placement 14 Table 1 Seat type categories . 3 Table 2 Occupant injury criteria . 11 SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6316 Page 3 of 14 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose This SA
11、E Aerospace Standard (AS) documents a common understanding of terms, compliance issues, and occupant injury criteria to facilitate the design and certification of oblique facing passenger seat installations specific to Part 25 aircraft. The applicability of the criteria listed in this current releas
12、e is limited to seats with an occupant facing direction greater than 18 and no greater than 45 relative to the aircraft longitudinal axis. Seats installed at angles greater than 30 relative to the aircraft longitudinal axis must have an energy absorbing rest or shoulder harness and must satisfy the
13、criteria listed in Table 2. Later revisions are intended to provide criteria for other facing directions. Performance criteria for forward and aft facing seats are provided in AS8049 and for side facing seats in AS8049/1. This document contains the same content as superseded ARP6316 with additional
14、information included to align this Aerospace Standard with AS8049/1 regarding the use of the femur angular rotation sensor. Although the issues and criteria presented in this document are common with oblique facing seats installed in Part 23 aircraft and Parts 27 and 29 rotorcraft, these standards h
15、ave not been validated for these types of aircraft. 1.2 Seat Types This document presents standards for oblique facing passenger seats for use in aircraft type-certificated in the aircraft categories shown in Table 1. Table 1 - Seat type categories Seat Type Aircraft Category Applicable Federal Regu
16、lations A-T Transport Airplane 14 CFR 25 1.3 Units In this document, U.S. customary units (in-lb) and International System of Units (SI) are provided. In all cases, the in-lb units take precedence and the SI (metric) units provided are approximate and conservative conversions. Those who routinely us
17、e SI units in practice may make the conversions more precisely. 1.4 Use of Should and Shall Requirements for which no deviation can be accepted are denoted by the use of “shall” in this document. Requirements for which a noncompliance is permissible are denoted by the use of “should” in this documen
18、t. SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6316 Page 4 of 14 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents This AS must be used in conjunction with AS8049C and cannot be used without it. It utilizes the performance standards for aircraft seats defined in AS8049C and the Sections 1 through 7 directly correspond to those of AS8
19、049C. Sections 3 through 7 of this AS note only differences between the standards of this AS and the standards of AS8049C, otherwise the standards of the AS are to be used in their entirety. Sections 8 and 9 are reserved for future use and material specific to oblique facing seats begins with Sectio
20、n 10. Test pulse evaluation shall use the method defined in AS8049C Appendix A. 2.1.1 The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on t
21、he date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1.2 SAE Pu
22、blications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J211/1 Instrumentation for Impact Test - Part 1 - Electronic Instrumentation SAE J211/2 Instrumentation for Imp
23、act Test - Part 2: Photographic Instrumentation SAE J1733 Sign Convention for Vehicle Crash Testing SAE J826 Devices for Use in Defining and Measuring Vehicle Seating Accommodation ARP5482 Photometric Data Acquisition Procedures for Impact Test ARP5526 Aircraft Seat Design Guidance and Clarification
24、s AS8049 Performance Standard for Seats in Civil Rotorcraft, Transport Aircraft, and General Aviation Aircraft AS8049/1 Performance Standards for Side-Facing Seats in Civil Rotorcraft, Transport Aircraft, and General Aviation Aircraft Gowdy, V., DeWeese, R., Beebe, M., Wade, B. et al., “A Lumbar Spi
25、ne Modification to the Hybrid III ATD For Aircraft Seat Tests,“ SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1609, 1999, doi:10.4271/1999-01-1609. 2.1.3 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Publications Available from the United States Government Printing Office, 732 North Capitol Street, NW, Washington, DC 20401, Tel:
26、 202-512-1800, www.gpo.gov. Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 21, Certification Procedures for Products and Parts Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 25, Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 121, C
27、ertification and Operations: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Air Carriers and Commercial Operators of Large Aircraft Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR) part 571, Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR) part 572, Anthropomorphic Test
28、Dummies SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6316 Page 5 of 14 FAA Advisory Circular 25.562-1B CHG 1: Dynamic Evaluation of Seat Restraint Systems and Occupant Protection on Transport Airplanes FAA Advisory Circular 25.853-1: Flammability Requirements for Aircraft Seat Cushions FAA Policy Statement PS-ANM-25-03-R1:
29、Technical Criteria for Approving Side-Facing Seats FAA Policy Statement AIR-100-3-3-2000: Use of the Hybrid III Anthropomorphic Test Dummy in Seat Dynamic Testing FAA Policy Statement PS-ANM-25.853-01 R2: Flammability Testing of Interior Materials FAA Policy Statement ANM-115-07-002: Policy Statemen
30、t on certification for flammability of lightweight seat cushions 2.2 Definitions 2.2.1 SIGN CONVENTION The sign convention defined in SAE J211/1, Section 7, is adopted in this document and shall be used for all reported data. 2.2.2 OCCUPANT/ATD CHARACTERISTICS SAE J211/1 defines ATD coordinate syste
31、m and provides descriptions of occupant forces and moments. These definitions are reproduced here for convenience together with additional definitions. Abdominal - Of or pertaining to the region of the body that contains the internal organs (excluding the respiratory and cardiac organs). It is bound
32、ed by the diaphragm and the pelvis. Cervical - Of or pertaining to the vertebrae in the neck that support the head and link the head to the spine. Neck Fz Force acting to move the head up or down. Positive in the up direction. Neck Mx Moment acting to move the head sideward. Positive in the directio
33、n of moving the left ear toward the left shoulder. Neck My Moment acting to move the head forwards or backwards. Positive in the direction of moving the head such that the chin approaches the sternum. Neck Mz - Moment acting to rotate the head. Positive in the direction of moving the chin towards th
34、e left shoulder. Nij A measure of neck injury calculated in accordance with 49 CFR 571.208 S6.6 (a). Occipital Condyle - The points where the skull attaches to the first cervical (neck) vertebra. Pelvic - Of or pertaining to the pelvis, which is commonly called the hip bone. Sternum - The Sternum is
35、 the long flat bone in the upper middle of the front of the chest linking the ribs and the collar bone. It is also called the breastbone. Thoracic - Of or pertaining to the thorax, which is the region of the body that includes the ribs and the sternum between the neck and abdomen. The thorax contain
36、s the respiratory and cardiac organs. SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6316 Page 6 of 14 2.3 General Definitions AIRBAG - An automatically inflated bag that deploys rapidly in the event of an accident and is positioned to protect the occupant from contact with the interior, or to alter the occupants head traject
37、ory. ATD - FAA HYBRID III - Adult male frontal crash tests device described in 49 CFR Part 572, Subpart E modified per SAE 1999-01-1609. (Reference FAA Policy Statement AIR-100-3-3-2000) ATD - HYBRID II - Adult male frontal crash test device which is described in 49 CFR Part 572, Subpart B. BARRIER
38、- A seat system feature or item of seat furniture that may form part of the occupant restraint system. The barrier may consist of a structural wall or an airbag (including structure mounted airbag (SMA) to limit occupant motion. CANT ANGLE - The seat track angle relative to the aircraft longitudinal
39、 axis. CONSERVATIVE - As used in this document, “conservative” means that the test article or test setup is more critical than the production part or installation. When determining what is conservative for occupant injury, select an article or setup based on properties that would make occupant injur
40、y more critical. HIC - HEAD INJURY CRITERION. Where head contact with seats, or other structure can occur, protection must be provided so that the head impact does not exceed a specified value of the Head Injury Criterion (HIC). HIC, as specified in AS8049C Section 5.3.9.4, considers the head cg res
41、ultant acceleration only after initial head contact with seats, or other structure occurs. In the calculation t1 and t2 are the points in time for which HIC is at a maximum. HIC 15 - As applied in Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards 49 CFR 571.208 S6.2(b)(1), considers the entire time history. In
42、 the calculations, t1 and t2 are any two points in time during the event, which are separated by not more than a 15 ms time interval, for which HIC is at a maximum. IMPACT - Impact is defined as the initial contact of the ATD with an object or surface. See also “Rebound”. Contact that does not resul
43、t in reversal of the direction of movement remains “impact” until such reversal occurs. NOMINAL SEATED POSITION(S) - The position(s) of the occupant when seated for taxi, takeoff and landing (TTL). OCCUPANT ANGLE - The angle of the occupant x-axis when in the nominal seated position relative to the
44、aircraft longitudinal axis. RATIONAL ANALYSIS - An analysis based on logic reason and basic engineering principles rather than actual data of the specific topic or item being examined. Data may be used to support a rational analysis. REBOUND - Rebound is ATD movement in approximately the opposite di
45、rection to the inertial direction irrespective of whether the ATD makes contact with anything. Contact that does not result in reversal of the direction of movement remains “impact” until such reversal occurs. SEAT SYSTEM - The seat, restraint system, cushions and barriers, and any furniture associa
46、ted with the seat installation, e.g., back shell, side console. SUBMARINING - Submarining occurs when an occupants movement allows the lap belt to slide over the pelvic bones into the soft abdominal tissue. TEST ANGLE - the angle of the occupant x-axis relative to the inertial load direction. SAE IN
47、TERNATIONAL AS6316 Page 7 of 14 3. GENERAL DESIGN Apply all subsections of AS8049C, Section 3 unless noted below: Section 3.2.1 is modified to add the italicized text: Seat systems shall be designed to provide occupant impact protection at all seat adjustment positions, orientations, and locations a
48、llowed during takeoff and landing. They shall be designed to accommodate a range of occupants from a two year old child to a 99th percentile male and injury potential shall be assessed for 5th percentile female to 95th percentile male occupants. Section 3.4.1 is modified to add the following paragra
49、ph: The inflatable airbag material shall not have an average burn rate of greater than 2.5 inches/minute when tested using the horizontal flammability test defined in Part 25, Appendix F, Part I, Paragraph (b)(5). 4. STRENGTH Apply all subsections of AS8049C, Section 4 except Sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.5. 5. QUALIFICATION TESTS Apply all subsections of AS8049C Section 5 unless noted below: Section 5.3.4.1 is modified to add the
