1、 _ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising ther
2、efrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2017 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this
3、publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-49
4、70 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/AS6332 AEROSPACE STANDARD AS6332 Issued 2017-08 Aircraft Ground Deicing/Anti-icing Quality Man
5、agement RATIONALE This document provides industry standards and guidance for the management of quality systems and processes for the effective deicing and anti-icing of aircraft on the ground. It forms one part of three related SAE Aerospace Standards (AS) and should be read in conjunction with AS62
6、85 Aircraft Ground Deicing/Anti-icing Processes and AS6286 Training and Qualification Program for Deicing/Anti-Icing of Aircraft on the Ground. Collectively AS6285, AS6286, and AS6332 are known to the international community as the “Globalized Aircraft Deicing Standards”. Exposure to weather conditi
7、ons conducive to ice formation can cause the accumulation of frost, snow, slush and ice on aircraft surfaces and components. These contaminants can adversely affect aircraft performance, stability and control, plus the operation of mechanical devices such as control surfaces, sensors, flaps and land
8、ing gear. If frozen deposits are present other than those considered in the aircraft certification process, the performance and safety of the aircraft may be compromised. Regulations governing aircraft operations in ground icing conditions shall be followed. ICAO Annex 6, Part I and Annex 14, Vol. I
9、 mandate specific rules for the safe operation of aircraft during ground icing conditions, and all member states subsequently are required to have regulations in place to ensure this. Paraphrased, these rules specify that no one may dispatch or take off an aircraft with frozen deposits on components
10、 of the aircraft that are critical to safe flight. A critical surface or component is one which could adversely affect the mechanical or aerodynamic function of an aircraft. The intent of these rules is to ensure that no one attempts to dispatch or operate an aircraft with frozen deposits adhering t
11、o any aircraft component critical to safe flight. This is known as the clean aircraft concept. Quality management concerns the establishment, documentation, implementation and maintenance of a system in order to deliver the required process outcome and to continually improve effectiveness. Quality m
12、anagement is therefore a system that allows the effective delivery of the clean aircraft concept. Although no system is perfect, it is necessary to ensure the operation and processes evolve and learn from both non-conforming practice and opportunities for improvement in this critical area of aircraf
13、t safety. As individual icing situations or aircraft types and models may require special procedures, this document can never replace the aircraft operators judgement. However, it does give guidance on the principles of systematic operation of deicing and the improvements that allow valuable learnin
14、g from operations to be captured for even greater assurance of safe operations. SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6332 Page 2 of 21 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 4 2. REFERENCES 4 2.1 Applicable Documents 4 2.1.1 SAE Publications . 4 2.1.2 ISO Publications: . 5 2.1.3 ICAO Publications: 5 3. ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINIT
15、IONS . 5 3.1 Abbreviations and Acronyms 5 3.2 Definitions . 6 4. QUALITY MANAGEMENT 8 5. QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (APPENDIX REFERENCE: A.1 PROCEDURES AND DOCUMENTATION) . 9 5.1 General Requirements 9 5.2 System Requirements . 9 5.3 Document Control . 9 5.4 Control of Records 10 5.5 Documentation Re
16、quirements for a Deicing/Anti-icing QMS 10 6. MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY (APPENDIX REFERENCE: A.2 MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY) . 10 6.1 Management Commitment 10 6.2 Planning Objectives 11 6.3 Responsibility, Authority and Communication. 11 6.3.1 Responsibility and Authority 11 6.3.2 Management Represen
17、tative 11 6.3.3 Head of Deicing Training. 11 6.4 Management Review 11 6.4.1 General 11 6.4.2 Review Input . 11 6.4.3 Review Output . 12 6.5 Documentation Requirements for Management Responsibility 12 7. RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (APPENDIX REFERENCE: A.3, A.4, A.5, AND A6) 12 7.1 Personnel Competence, Trai
18、ning and Awareness (Appendix reference A.3 Training and Qualification) 12 7.1.1 Requirements 12 7.1.2 Documentation Requirements for Competence, Training and Awareness . 13 7.2 Facilities Infrastructure and Deicing/Anti-icing Equipment (Appendix reference: A.4 Deicing Facilities and A.5 Deicing/Anti
19、-icing Equipment) 13 7.2.1 General 13 7.2.2 Documentation for Facilities and Deicing/Anti-icing Equipment . 14 7.3 Deicing/Anti-icing Fluids Quality Control (Appendix reference A.6 Deicing/Anti-icing Fluids) 15 7.3.1 Requirements 15 8. CLEAN AIRCRAFT CONCEPT (APPENDIX REFERENCE A.7 AIRCRAFT GROUND D
20、EICING/ANTI-ICING OPERATIONS) . 15 8.1 Planning of Aircraft Ground Deicing/Anti-icing Operations . 15 8.2 Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing Methods and Processes 16 8.3 Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Processes 16 8.4 Documentation Requirements for Aircraft Ground Deicing/Anti-Icing Operations 16 SAE INTERNAT
21、IONAL AS6332 Page 3 of 21 9. MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT (APPENDIX REFERENCE A.8 DOCUMENTATION FOR MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT) . 17 9.1 Internal Auditing 17 9.1.1 The auditing arrangements shall take into account the following requirements: 17 9.2 External Auditing by Air Carrie
22、rs/Air Operators/Customers and Third-Party Organizations/Groups . 17 9.3 Review for Compliance and Improvement 17 9.3.1 Corrective Actions . 17 9.3.2 Preventative Action/Opportunities for Improvement . 18 9.4 Documentation Requirements for Measurement, Analysis and Improvement . 18 APPENDIX A AIRCRA
23、FT GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING QUALITY MANAGEMENT DEICING SERVICE PROVIDER DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS AND INSPECTION AREAS . 19 Figure 1 Elements of QMS for aircraft ground deicing/anti-icing 8 SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6332 Page 4 of 21 1. SCOPE This document establishes the general requirements for the qu
24、ality management of aircraft ground deicing/anti-icing systems and processes. It covers the areas of: Quality system, documentation and control of records; Management responsibility; Resource management; Product realization; and Measurement, analysis and improvement. This document defines these area
25、s and their key aspects so they can be practically managed, and that deicing operations can become safer with time. In alignment with AS6285 and AS6286, the primary focus of this standard is on the deicing/anti-icing of aircraft using deicing and anti-icing fluids. 2. REFERENCES The following public
26、ations form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references c
27、ited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1 Applicable Documents 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale,
28、PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS1424, /1, /2 Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluid, Aircraft, SAE Type 1 AMS1428, /1, /2 Fluid, Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing, Non-Newtonian (Pseudoplastic), SAE Types II, III, and IV ARP6257 Aircraft Ground
29、De/Anti-Icing Communication Phraseology for Flight and Ground Crews AS6285 Aircraft Ground Deicing/Anti-Icing Processes AS6286 Training and Qualification Program for Deicing/Anti-icing of Aircraft on the Ground AS6286/1 Processes Including Methods AS6286/2 Equipment AS6286/3 Fluids AS6286/4 Weather
30、AS6286/5 Health, Safety and First Aid AS6286/6 Deicing/Anti-Icing Diagrams/No Spray Zones AS9100 Quality Management Systems - Requirements for Aviation, Space, and Defense Organizations SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6332 Page 5 of 21 2.1.2 ISO Publications: Available from International Organization for Standa
31、rdization, ISO Central Secretariat, 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel: +41 22 749 01 11, www.iso.org. ISO 9000 Quality Management Systems - Fundamentals and Vocabulary ISO 9001 Quality Management Systems - Requirements 2.1.3 ICAO Publications: Available from the In
32、ternational Civil Aviation Organization, 999 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard, Montral, Quebec H3C 5H7, Canada, www.icao.int Annex 6 Operation of Aircraft, Part I International Commercial Air Transport Aeroplanes Annex 14 Aerodromes, Volume I Aerodrome Design and Operations Doc 4444 ATM/501 Procedures for
33、Air Navigation Services Air Traffic Management Doc 9157 Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 2 Taxiways, Aprons and Holding Bays Doc 9376 Preparation of an Operations Manual Doc 9640-AN/940 Manual of Aircraft Ground Deicing/Anti-icing Operations 3. ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS NOTE: For the purposes of th
34、is document, the abbreviations, terms and definitions given in AS6285 apply. 3.1 Abbreviations and Acronyms AS Aerospace Standard OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer QA Quality Assurance QC Quality Control QMS Quality Management System RI Refractive Index SMS Safety Management System SAE INTERNATION
35、AL AS6332 Page 6 of 21 3.2 Definitions NOTE: Throughout the text of this AS, wherever the term “product” occurs, it can also mean “service”, and vice versa. For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply: a. Advisory Word Definitions: The following advisory words are to be used a
36、s defined: MAY: This is used to describe that the practice is encouraged and/or optional. SHALL: This will mean that the practice is mandatory. SHOULD: This means that the practice is recommended or strongly encouraged. b. Words and Phrase Definitions: The following words and phrases are to be used
37、as defined: AUDIT EVIDENCE: Records, statements of fact or other information, which are relevant to the audit criteria and verifiable. CLEAN AIRCRAFT CONCEPT: During conditions conducive to airplane icing during ground operations, take-off shall not be attempted when ice, snow, slush or frost is pre
38、sent or adhering to the wings, propellers, control surfaces, engine inlets or other critical surfaces. This is known as the “Clean Aircraft Concept”. Critical Surface or Component is one which could adversely affect the mechanical or aerodynamic function of an aircraft. CONFORMITY: The fulfillment o
39、f a requirement. CONTAMINATION: Contamination is defined as all forms of frozen or semi-frozen deposits on an aircraft, such as frost, snow, slush or ice. CONTAMINATION CHECK OR INSPECTION: A check of aircraft surfaces and components for contamination to establish the need for deicing. CORRECTIVE AC
40、TION: Corrective action is a reactive process to address concerns or issues after they have occurred. It assumes that a non-conformance or problem has been identified and has been reported by employees of the organization or by customers or other interested parties/stakeholders. DEICING SERVICE PROV
41、IDER: The company responsible for aircraft deicing/anti-icing operations. This may include contracted service providers, or where the air carrier/operator or airport authority performs these services internally. FINDING: The results of an evaluation of the collected audit evidence against audit crit
42、eria. A finding can indicate conformity or nonconformity with audit criteria, or opportunities for improvement. GROUND ICING CONDITIONS: With due regard to aircraft skin temperature and weather conditions, ground icing conditions exist when frost, ice, or snow is adhering or may adhere to the critic
43、al surfaces of an aircraft. Ground icing conditions also exist when active frost, frozen or freezing precipitation is reported or observed. GROUND ICING PROGRAM: A ground icing program consists of a set of procedures, guidelines, and processes, documented in manuals, which ensure that aircraft do no
44、t depart with frost, ice, snow or slush adhering to critical surfaces. HEAD OF DEICING TRAINING: The person responsible for ensuring that their own understanding and competence is sufficient for them to hold this position, and for ensuring the effective delivery of the deicing/anti-icing training of
45、 personnel for the whole organization. By agreement of the senior management team, this may also be the Program Manager/Responsible Person/Accountable Executive. NONCONFORMITY: The non-fulfilment of a requirement. SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6332 Page 7 of 21 OBSERVATION/OPPORTUNITY FOR IMPROVEMENT: A state
46、ment of fact made during an audit and substantiated by objective evidence. PREVENTIVE ACTION: Preventive action is a proactive process and is initiated to stop a potential problem from occurring or from becoming too severe. Preventive action focuses on identifying negative trends and addressing them
47、 before they become significant. PROGRAM MANAGER/RESPONSIBLE PERSON/ACCOUNTABLE EXECUTIVE/ACCOUNTABLE PERSON: The person responsible for ensuring that the process needed to maintain the quality of systems to deliver the clean aircraft concept during winter operations is established and maintained. Q
48、UALITY ASSURANCE: Quality assurance is a way of preventing mistakes or defects in products and avoiding problems when delivering services to customers; which ISO 9000 defines as “part of quality management focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled“. This defect prev
49、ention in quality assurance differs subtly from defect detection and rejection in quality control, and has been referred to as a shift left as it focuses on quality earlier in the process. Quality assurance is a proactive process (process driven). QUALITY CONTROL: Quality control is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production or in the provision of services. ISO 9000 defi
