1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2016 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publi
3、cation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (out
4、side USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: CustomerServicesae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on thisTechnical Report, please visithttp:/standards.sae.org/AS9162AEROSPACESTANDARDAS9162Technically equivalent writings published in all IAQG sectorsIssued 2016-11Sup
5、ersedes ARP9162Aerospace Operator Self-Verification ProgramsRATIONALEThis document has been elevated from a recommended practice to a standard, and defines the actions required to implement and maintain an operator self-verification program.FOREWORDTo continue to assure customer satisfaction, aviati
6、on, space, and defense industry organizations must produce and continually improve safe, reliable products that meet or exceed customer and regulatory requirements. The globalization of the industry and the resulting diversity of requirements and expectations have complicated this objective.This sta
7、ndard is focused on standardizing, to the extent possible, operator self-verification practices in the aviation, space, and defense industry. Establishing common requirements practices should result in improved quality and safety, decreased costs, and elimination or reduction of organization-unique
8、requirements.SAE INTERNATIONAL AS9162 Page 2 of 7TABLE OF CONTENTS1. SCOPE 31.1 General 31.2 Application. 32. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 32.1 International Aerospace Quality Group Publications 32.2 International Organization for Standardization Publications. 33. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS . 34. GENERAL . 45. F
9、OUNDATIONAL ELEMENTS . 56. PROCESS APPLICATION 56.1 Identification of Processes Eligible for Operator Self-Verification Application 56.2 Implementation Plans for Measuring, Monitoring, Managing, and Continuous Improvement of Operator Self-Verification Programs. 56.3 Training and Competence of Identi
10、fied Operators 66.4 Performance Measures for Oversight of Self-Verification Operators and Process Performance. 66.5 Structured Maintenance of Operator Self-Verification 77. NOTES 77.1 Revision Indicator 7SAE INTERNATIONAL AS9162 Page 3 of 71. SCOPE1.1 GeneralThis document identifies the basic elemen
11、ts and provides a standard for structuring operator self-verification programs within the aviation, space, and defense industry for producers of commercial and military aircraft and weapons platforms, space vehicles, and all related hardware, software, electronics, engines, and composite components.
12、The requirements specified in this standard are complementary (not alternative) to contractual and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. Should there be a conflict between the requirements of this standard and applicable statutory or regulatory requirements, the latter shall take precede
13、nce.1.2 ApplicationOperator self-verification programs are applied to improve the overall efficiency and product quality of processes considered stable and capable of fulfilling all requirements, as determined by the implementing organization. Operator self-verification programs are not stand-alone
14、processes, but augment an existing quality management system. Its application can be made where inspection activities are currently deployed.2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTSThe following documents support the application/use of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
15、references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. When a conflict in requirements between this standard and the applicable documents listed exist, the requirements of this document shall take precedence.2.1 International Aerospace Quality Group Publication
16、s9100 Quality Management Systems - Requirements for Aviation, Space and Defense Organizations9110 Quality Management Systems - Requirements for Aviation Maintenance OrganizationsNOTE: Equivalent versions (e.g., AS, EN, JISQ, SJAC, NBR) of the IAQG standards listed above are published internationally
17、 in each IAQG sector.2.2 International Organization for Standardization PublicationsISO 9000:2005 Quality management systems - Fundamentals and vocabulary3. TERMS AND DEFINITIONSFor the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply:3.1 AcceptanceThe establishment of a record t
18、hat signifies verification that the product is compliant with all the specified requirements. In self-verification programs, the organization clearly specifies the detail and extent of the approved operators acceptance authority.3.2 Critical ProcessesThose processes that if not performed properly or
19、 improper parts/material are used could result in a failure, malfunction, or defect endangering the safe operation of the product involved.3.3 Independent SurveillanceObservation/review or audit of operator self-verification by an entity that is not dependent on or affiliated with the entity control
20、ling the operator.SAE INTERNATIONAL AS9162 Page 4 of 73.4 InspectionThe process of measuring, examining, testing, gauging, or otherwise comparing product or material with defined requirements.3.5 OperatorThe term used to identify the individuals who perform the process. NOTE: Self-verification quali
21、fied individuals should be referred to through terminology considered suitable by the organizations program focus, cultural, and customer environment (e.g., approved operators, approved technicians).3.6 Operator CompetencyA means of objectively determining that identified operators have the necessar
22、y skills and knowledge to undertake the role of self-verification.3.7 Operator Self-VerificationVerification that a product conforms to all applicable requirements by the individual who produced the product.3.8 SurveillanceThe act of careful observation, monitoring, measuring, or verifying:x Operato
23、rs - monitoring operator competence and performance to detect or prevent a noncompliance to established requirements.x Products - validation of products to detect or prevent a noncompliance to established engineering requirements.x Processes - verification that processes are implemented and performe
24、d, as planned.3.9 VerificationConfirmation through the provision of objective evidence that specified requirements have been fulfilled.4. GENERAL4.1 Operator self-verification places formal verification of applicable product quality requirements in the hands of a qualified, competent operator and au
25、gments existing, robust quality management systems to provide continuedsystem and product quality improvement. Formal verification does not imply final verification of product.4.2 Development and implementation of an effective operator self-verification program improves the overall awareness and qua
26、lity culture of the organizations manufacturing department, and promotes greater first pass quality. 4.3 Integration of operator self-verification into the work process results in process and operator performance measures through regular surveillance reviews. These reviews allow the operators to con
27、trol and improve the quality of the products. 4.4 Operator self-verification programs can be implemented on a selective or organization-wide basis. 4.5 Operator self-verification programs highlight operator responsibility and accountability for product quality, promote employee pride of ownership, a
28、nd recognize superior performance.SAE INTERNATIONAL AS9162 Page 5 of 75. FOUNDATIONAL ELEMENTSIn addition to a quality management system, the following elements shall be implemented and maintained to support an organizations operator self-verification program:a. Identification of processes eligible
29、for using operator self-verification.b. Development of plans supporting operator self-verification implementation, maintenance, and continuous improvement.c. Training and competence of identified operators.d. Development of measures for oversight of operator and process performance.e. Structured mai
30、ntenance of operator self-verification.NOTE: The elements of operator self-verification noted in this section are foundational in establishing a robust program in compliance with this standard.6. PROCESS APPLICATIONA program implementation plan shall include the communication of program objectives a
31、nd intent, development and deployment of associated training, establishment of process performance measures, and the methods for sustaining such operations. Subordinate documentation can be developed and deployed, as deemed necessary, to provide specific or detailed direction/instructions for the wo
32、rk force, management, administrative personnel, program/process records and record retention, etc. 6.1 Identification of Processes Eligible for Operator Self-Verification Application6.1.1 When identifying potential processes for application of operator self-verification, either selectively or at an
33、organization-wide basis, the implementing organization shall consider and select processes based on:a. The demonstrated stability of the process through such methods as first article inspection, performance results, and process generated nonconformities identified during the established process perf
34、ormance review period/cycle time. b. The detectability of product/process nonconformance. 6.1.2 Operator self-verification shall not include those processes considered by the organization, customer, and/or regulatory authorities as “critical processes”, unless adequate mitigation of risk is agreed t
35、o, in place, and proper delegation has been specified.6.1.3 When applying a self-verification program to critical processes, the implementing organization shall consider and select processes based on the acceptable levels of perceived risk associated with the candidate process; a defined process for
36、 risk analysis shall be used.NOTE: The selection of processes is most effective when performed by a multi-disciplined group (e.g., Manufacturing, Quality Assurance, Manufacturing Engineering, Engineering). 6.2 Implementation Plans for Measuring, Monitoring, Managing, and Continuous Improvement of Op
37、erator Self-Verification Programs6.2.1 In developing and implementing plans for operator self-verification, the organization shall include the following:a. Communication - overall program objectives and intent communicated to applicable customers and regulatory authorities, as required per contract,
38、 including establishment of organizational roles and responsibilities.b. Training - required training and competency for self-verification operators, including identification of appropriate methods for operators to determine compliance to requirements.SAE INTERNATIONAL AS9162 Page 6 of 7c. Performan
39、ce Measures - oversight of process and operator performance. x Establishing operational baselines to assist in determining improvement resulting from operator self-verification program implementation.x Identifying potential sources of operator, process, and/or product quality errors.NOTE: Performanc
40、e measures of operator self-verification effectiveness reflect the results associated to product/process verification and confirmation of product/process conformance and nonconformance after self-verification by qualified staff.d. Sustaining Operations - implementation and maintenance plans for oper
41、ator self-verification processes.x Selection, de-selection, and/or re-selection of self-verification operators and/or processes. x Process(es) for addressing changes to associated process documentation and/or transferring inspection activities.x Independent surveillance of the overall operator self-
42、verification program shall be planned and implemented by the organization. x Correcting and eliminating potential sources of operator and process errors and/or improvement of program performance.6.3 Training and Competence of Identified Operators6.3.1 Emphasis shall be placed on initial training cou
43、rses and their content, assessment of training results, and retraining of operators (as necessary). Training course content evaluation shall be performed to ensure that courses adequately address employee, management, and supervision needs with respect to technical and non-technical knowledge (e.g.,
44、 human factors, documentation, data flow requirements), measurement/inspection techniques, process requirements, and the ability of authorized operators to adjust, modify, or halt the process to prevent or correct product/process nonconformities.6.3.2 In addition to initial training, refresher or re
45、-qualification training shall be deployed in accordance with program/process requirements to ensure continued verification of employee knowledge and understanding of the operator self-verification program requirements.6.3.3 Training programs for operator self-verification personnel shall include:a.
46、In-depth training in various disciplines associated to operator self-verification activities (e.g., personnel roles and responsibilities, measurement/inspection techniques, validation of product to requirements, acceptance authority).b. Training for management to ensure thorough knowledge of operato
47、r self-verification program requirements (e.g., performance measures reporting, employee responsibilities), and the need for active program involvement and participation (e.g., data feedback, training evaluations, process oversight).c. Methods and criteria for operators to determine product/process
48、compliance.d. Methods to determine operator competency (i.e., ability to perform self-verification activities and determine product/process compliance).6.4 Performance Measures for Oversight of Self-Verification Operators and Process Performance 6.4.1 The responsibility for the collection and analys
49、is of performance measures and associated corrective/preventive actions shall be defined. SAE INTERNATIONAL AS9162 Page 7 of 76.4.2 While performance measures may be unique to each organization, they shall be designed to independently assess:a. Process performance.x Variation in the process capabilities. x Identification of process errors.b. Operator performance.x Identification of operator errors.c. Product compli
