1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2011 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this pub
3、lication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970
4、(outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AS954GAEROSPACESTANDARDAS954 REV. G Issued 1967-06 Reaffirmed 2004-01 Revised 2011-1
5、2Superseding AS954F Wrenches, Hand, Twelve Point, High Strength, Thin Wall RATIONALEThe update of AS954 is to incorporate improvements complied from committee findings after publication; consisting of appropriate range parameters within tables and proof/cyclic loads. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 22. A
6、PPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 33. REQUIREMENTS . 34. NOTES 12SAE AS954G Page 2 of 24 1. SCOPE This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers high strength thin wall (commercial) sockets, universal sockets, box wrenches and torque adaptors which possess the strength, clearances, and internal wrenching design so confi
7、gured that, when mated with 12-point fasteners conforming to the requirement of AS870, they shall transmit torque to the fastener without bearing on the outer 5% of the fasteners wrenching points.Inclusion of dimensional data in this document is not intended to imply that all of the products describ
8、ed herein are stock production sizes. Consumers are requested to consult with manufacturers concerning lists of stock production sizes. The dimensional limits of box and combination wrench lengths have been established to provide configuration control for tool storage applications. 1.1 Classificatio
9、n Wrenches, sockets, and adaptors covered by this AS shall be of the following types, classes, and styles, as specified: 1.1.1 Type I Sockets Class 1 Sockets Style A - Standard length Style B - Long Length Class 2 Universal Sockets (also known as Flexible Sockets) 1.1.2 Type II Wrenches, Box Class 1
10、 Angled End Style A - Regular Length Style B - Long Length Class 2 Modified Offset Style A - Regular Length Style B - Short Length Class 3 Deep Offset Style A - Regular Length Style B - Short Length Class 4 Combination, Box and Open End Wrench Style A - Regular Length Style B - Short Length 1.1.3 Ty
11、pe III Torque Adaptors SAE AS954G Page 3 of 24 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of the other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of
12、the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1 SAE Publications Av
13、ailable from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AS478N Identification Marking Methods AS870D Wrenching Configuration, Double Hexagon (12-point) for Threaded Fasteners AS4984A Coat
14、ing Requirements for Aerospace Hand Tools 2.2 ASME Publications Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 22 Law Drive, P.O. Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900, Tel: 973-882-1170, www.asme.org.ASME B46.1 Surface Texture ASME B107.4 Driving and Spindle Ends for Portable, Hand, Air and
15、Electric ToolsASME B107.100 Flat Wrenches ASME B107.17 Gages and Mandrels for Wrench Openings 2.3 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org.ASTM E 18 Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Supe
16、rficial Hardness of Metallic Materials, Standard Methods of Test For3. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Illustrations The illustrations shown herein are descriptive, not restrictive, and are not intended to preclude sockets, universal sockets, box wrenches, and torque adaptors which are otherwise in accordance with
17、 this document.3.2 Materials Unless otherwise specified hereinafter, the materials used in the manufacture of the sockets, universal sockets, box wrenches, and torque adaptors shall be steel, the chemical composition and heat treatment of which shall be such as to produce tools conforming to the phy
18、sical requirements specified herein. Powdered metal or cast steel shall not be used.SAE AS954G Page 4 of 24 3.3 Marking The sockets, universal sockets, box wrenches and torque adaptors shall be marked in a permanent manner with the nominal wrench opening size. In addition, the tools shall be marked
19、with the country of origin and the manufacturers name or with a trademark of known character that the source of manufacture may be determined. Marking requirement shall be in accordance with AS478N. 3.4 Square Drive Ends 3.4.1 Drive End Dimensions Internal drive end dimensions shall conform to ASME
20、B107.4. External drive tangs in accordance with ASME B107.4 shall be used to judge the following requirements: 3.4.1.1 Internal Drive Opening All internal drive openings shall be broached or formed in a smooth and well defined manner. Tools having internal drive openings shall be firmly attachable t
21、o corresponding size external drive tangs by one of the following methods.3.4.1.1.1 Detent All four faces of the internal drive opening shall be recessed so that one of the recesses engages the spring loaded steel ball on the corresponding external drive. For Type III, if the internal drive end thic
22、kness is less than twice the dimensionDf in Table 7 of ASME B107.4, the recess shall be centered in the internal drive opening within 0.010 in.3.4.1.1.2 Cross-hole One or more of the faces of the internal drive opening shall be drilled with a cross-hole to engage the spring loaded steel ball or plun
23、ger on the corresponding external drive. For Type III, if the internal drive end thickness is less than twice thedimension Df in Table 7 of ASME B107.4, the cross-hole(s) shall be centered in the internal drive opening within 0.010 in.3.4.2 Tang Engagement and Disengagement The detachable sockets, u
24、niversal sockets and torque adaptors shall be so designed that external tangs can be inserted into the corresponding internal openings without undue force and shall be manually detachable without the use of any tools or keys, and meet the minimum force requirements to remove the external tang as spe
25、cified in applicable tables of ASME B107.4. Binding between surfaces and corners shall not be evident.3.5 Hardness Unless otherwise specified herein, sockets, universal sockets, box wrenches and torque adaptors shall be hardened throughout to a Rockwell hardness of not less than 40 nor more than 54
26、on the “C“ scale. Hardness definitions, nomenclature and procedures used herein can be found in ASTM E 18. When grinding is necessary to prepare the test surface, the amount removed must not exceed 0.007 in on the surface contacted by the indenter.SAE AS954G Page 5 of 24 3.6 Finish Wrenches shall be
27、 protected with one of the following three types as specified within AS4984A Type I - Nickel Chromium coating Type II Black Oxide or Black Phosphate or other black finish coatings Type III Alternate coating (Used in lieu of Nickel chromium plating) 3.6.1 Surface Finish Requirements of Nickel Chromiu
28、m Plate On all Type I sockets and universal sockets, the outer longitudinal surface or major diameter thereof shall be bright with 30 in maximum Ra, except where knurled or grooved. The remaining exterior longitudinal socket surface shall be 150 in maximum Ra. On all Type II box wrenches and Type II
29、I torque adaptors, a minimum of 180 degrees of the outer periphery of the box ends (90 degrees on each side of the longitudinal axis of the wrench) shall be 30 in maximum Ra. Microinch measurements shall be made with a surface-measuring instrument using a 0.030 in roughness width cutoff. Definitions
30、 and nomenclature usedherein can be found in ASME B46.1 3.6.2 Black Oxide or Phosphate Treatment The tools shall be coated with a chemically produced oxide or phosphate coating followed with a coating of rust preventive oil. All external surfaces shall have a maximum Ra roughness height value of 250
31、 in. Microinch measurements shall be made with a surface-measuring instrument using a 0.030 in roughness width cutoff. Definitions and nomenclature usedherein can be found in ASME B46.1 3.6.3 Surface Condition All external surfaces shall be free from pits, nodules, forge flash, burrs, cracks, and ot
32、her detrimental defects. The external forge flash shall blend smoothly with adjacent surfaces except that the forge flash shall be completely removed from the periphery of the heads of box wrenches and torque adaptors and from that portion of the handle which shall be essentially straight and unifor
33、m in section dimensions.3.7 Test Proof Load Torque shall be applied with a suitable torque producing machine. Torque shall be applied at a speed of 15deg/min to 30deg/min until proof load value is achieved; test load shall be held for 10 seconds, then torque shall be released. This proof load test s
34、hall be performed in the clockwise and counter clockwise direction. The items covered herein shall withstand the proof loads set forth in the applicable tables, without failure or permanent deformation (set) which might affect durability or serviceability of the tools. Adequate safeguards for person
35、nel and property shall be employed in conducting all tests. Approved eye protection shall be worn at all times and equipment safety shields in place when tests are in progress.3.7.1 Mandrels for Wrench Openings Wrench openings shall be tested on hexagonal mandrels. The size of all mandrels shall con
36、form to the dimensions and tolerances specified in Table 1. The fourth column of Table 1 (Mandrel Engagement Maximum Depth) does not apply when testing Type II, Wrenches and Type III, Torque Adaptors.Mandrels shall be hardened to a Rockwell hardness of not less than 55 on the “C“ scale and shall hav
37、e smoothly finished wrench engagement surfaces.SAE AS954G Page 6 of 24 TABLE 1 - HEXAGON MANDREL DIMENSIONS AND ENGAGEMENT DATA For Nominal Hexagonal Mandrel Mandrel Engagement No Bearing Area Wrench Wrench Across Flats Maximum Depth of for Sizes Opening Tolerances Insertion Mandrel (Ref) 3/16 0.187
38、5 +0.001 -0.002 0.094 0.0006 7/32 0.2188 +0.001 -0.002 0.109 0.0007 1/4 0.2500 +0.001 -0.002 0.125 0.0007 9/32 0.2812 +0.001 -0.002 0.141 0.0008 5/16 0.3125 +0.001 -0.002 0.141 0.0009 11/32 0.3438 +0.001 -0.002 0.156 0.0010 3/8 0.3750 +0.001 -0.002 0.156 0.0011 7/16 0.4375 +0.001 -0.002 0.218 0.0013
39、 1/2 0.5000 +0.001 -0.003 0.265 0.0015 9/16 0.5625 +0.001 -0.003 0.328 0.0017 5/8 0.6250 +0.001 -0.003 0.375 0.0019 11/16 0.6875 +0.001 -0.003 0.375 0.0021 3/4 0.7500 +0.001 -0.003 0.437 0.0022 25/32 0.7812 +0.001 -0.003 0.453 0.0023 13/16 0.8125 +0.001 -0.003 0.453 0.0024 7/8 0.8750 +0.001 -0.003 0
40、.500 0.0026 15/16 0.9375 +0.001 -0.003 0.546 0.0028 1 1.0000 +0.001 -0.003 0.546 0.0030 1-1/16 1.0625 +0.001 -0.003 0.625 0.0032 1/18 1.1250 +0.001 -0.003 0.656 0.0034 1-3/16 1.1875 +0.001 -0.003 0.656 0.0035 1-1/4 1.2500 +0.001 -0.003 0.750 0.0037 1-5/16 1.3125 +0.001 -0.003 0.765 0.0039 1-3/8 1.37
41、50 +0.001 -0.003 0.781 0.0041 1-7/16 1.4375 +0.001 -0.003 0.875 0.0043 1-1/2 1.5000 +0.001 -0.003 0.875 0.0045 1-9/16 1.5625 +0.001 -0.007 0.875 0.0047 1-5/8 1.6250 +0.001 -0.007 1.000 0.0049 1-11/16 1.6875 +0.001 -0.007 1.000 0.0050 1-3/4 1.7500 +0.001 -0.007 1.093 0.0052 SAE AS954G Page 7 of 24 3.
42、7.2 Test Plug 3.7.2.1 Type I, Class 1 Sockets A square test plug of suitable strength and complying with the minimum dimensional requirements of the external drive tang specified in ASME B107.4 shall be employed. The test plug may be driven by any suitable manual or mechanical means. The socket shal
43、l then be engaged on the end of the mandrel to a maximum depth in accordance with Table 1. A stop may be set at the outer end of the test plug to prevent slippage of the socket end-wise from the mandrel.3.7.2.2 Type I, Class 2 Universal Sockets A test plug as in 3.7.2.1 shall be used except that a m
44、eans shall be provided to keep universal socket parts in the axis about which the load is applied.3.7.3 Qualification Test 3.7.3.1 All Type I Sockets, Type II Wrenches, Type III Torque Adaptors As a design and process qualification test the manufacturer shall maintain a record of compliance with the
45、 cyclic load requirements with a sample tool conforming to the applicable Figures. The test shall be required whenever the design or method of manufacture is significantly changed. The cycle load test shall consist of 2000 applications of the cyclic torque load both the clockwise and counter clockwi
46、se direction at the rate between 15 - 120 cycles per minute, using the Table 1 mandrel dimensions and engagements. The tool being tested shall be indexed 30 degrees after 1000 load applications and shall withstand the torques proof load following the cyclic load test. The cyclic load value for Type
47、I Sockets is to be 70% of the proof load. The cyclic load valuefor Type II Wrenches and Type III Torque Adapters is located in the respective tables.3.7.3.2 Fragmentation Test One sample of each tool of Type I, II and III shall be loaded to failure. Failure shall not result in fragmentation into two
48、 ormore pieces. The tool shall be considered to have passed the fragmentation test if it:a. Fails without fragmentation at any torque above the proof loadb. Reaches the following maximum torque levels without failure1. 1/4 in square drive tools - 800 in-lbs 2. 3/8 in square drive tools - 3000 in-lbs
49、 3. 1/2 in square drive tools - 7800 in-lbs 4. 3/4 in square drive tools - 21600 in-lbs SAE AS954G Page 8 of 24 3.8 Wrench Opening 3.8.1 Wrench Design The internal wrench design of all Type I Sockets, Type II Wrenches, and Type III Torque Adaptors shall be so configured that, when mated with 12-point fasteners conforming to the requirements of AS870D, they transmit torque to the fastener without bearing o
