1、 AuditTax Advisorywww.GrantTPassion! For the past 25 years, our Global Public Sector professionalshave delivered more than just consulting services that help our clients.We deliver passion, expertise and energy. Our focus on federal, state and local, and international government entities means that
2、you receivestrong partner involvement and professionals with the experience tomake your organization blossom.We are pleased to underwrite the 2009 TechAmerica Cyberstates report. With member firms in 112 countries, including the Global Public Sector based in metro Washington D.C., Grant Thornton LLP
3、 has the industryknowledge thats been our hallmark for more than 80 years.Find out how it feels to work with people who love what they do!We bring something extrato the public sector.Cyberstates 2009 2009 Technology Education Foundation1TechAmerica is proud to present this 12th annual edition of our
4、 flagship publication, Cyberstates, previouslypublished by AeA, which examines the size and scope of the high-technology industry in terms of jobs, wages,and other factors nationally and in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.Despite the recent economic downturn, the high-tech i
5、ndustry added jobs to the U.S. economy for the fourthconsecutive year. The tech industry added 77,000 net jobs in 2008, for a total of 5.9 million workers. This ison top of job gains of 79,600 in 2007, 139,000 in 2006, and 87,400 in 2005.2008 was the fifth straight year of employment gains in the te
6、ch industrys two strongest sectors - softwareservices, which added 86,200 net jobs, and engineering and tech services, which added 26,600 net jobs. Thedownside is that high-tech manufacturing shed 23,100 jobs and communications services shed 12,700 jobs.Cyberstates 2009 relies on data from the U.S.
7、Bureau of Labor Statistics. The report provides 2008national data on tech employment as well as 2007 national and state-by-state data on high-tech employment,wages, establishments, payroll, wage differential, and employment concentration. All data are the most recentavailable at the time of publicat
8、ion.Thirty-nine cyberstates experienced net job growth in 2007. The largest gains occurred in Texas (+14,700),Georgia (+13,100), Washington (+11,300), North Carolina (+5,500), and Virginia (+5,300). On apercentage basis, Kansas saw the fastest job growth in 2007 at 8.1 percent.Virginia led the natio
9、n with the highest concentration of tech workers - 92 of every 1,000 private sector workers inthe state were employed in the tech industry. Virginia was followed by Massachusetts and Colorado.The high-tech industry employs highly educated workers and pays them well - 88 percent more than theaverage
10、private sector wage nationwide. Forty-eight cyberstates had wage differentials higher than 50 percentand five cyberstates had differentials higher than 100 percent.Although the U.S. high-tech industry continued to add jobs in 2008, future growth is clearly jeopardized as aresult of the current econo
11、mic downturn and the volatility of global financial markets. Our industry has weatheredthe storm longer than most, but recent announcements of job cuts at technology companies suggest that a fifthstraight year of growth is - at best - questionable.TechAmerica believes the bright spot in these hard t
12、imes is the recently passed American Recovery andReinvestment Act - the federal stimulus package. In crafting this bill, Congress and the Obama Administrationinvested heavily in new technologies to improve our infrastructure, modernize our education and healthcaresystems, and build a more energy eff
13、icient smart electrical grid. If properly deployed, these investments shouldenhance American competitiveness and create millions of new technology jobs.Christopher W. Hansen Phillip J. BondChief Executive Officer PresidentTechAmerica | Where the Future Begins TechAmerica | Where the Future BeginsEXE
14、CUTIVE SUMMARYCyberstates 2009 2009 Technology Education Foundation2CYBERSTATES 2009 IS PRODUCED BYTechAmericas Technology Education FoundationWRITERS AND RESEARCHERSJOSH JAMESDIRECTOR, RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY ANALYSISJENNA LEARYMANAGER, RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY ANALYSISXI CHENGRESEARCH ASSOCIATEEDITORNE
15、LL McCARTYEXECUTIVE EDITORSCHRISTOPHER W. HANSENCHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERTechAmericaPHILLIP J. BONDPRESIDENTTechAmericaMATTHEW F. KAZMIERCZAKPRESIDENTTechnology Education FoundationOVERVIEWCopyright 2009 TechnologyEducation FoundationLibrary of Congress CatalogingNumber in Publications Data MainEntry
16、Under Title:Cyberstates 2009 ISBN: 0-928391-27-2Price: U.S. $150To oorder aadditional ccopies oofCyberstates 22009, callTechAmerica aat: 8800.284.4232 oor408.987.4200. All rights reserved. No part of thiswork covered by the copyrights hereon may be reproduced or copiedin any form or by any means-gra
17、phic, electronic, or mechanical,including photocopying, recording,taping, or information storage andretrieval systems-without the expresswritten permission of the TechnologyEducation Foundation.Cyberstates is a registered trademarkof TechAmerica.The Technology EducationFoundation has made everyreaso
18、nable effort to assure theaccuracy of the information in thispublication. However, the contents ofthis publication are subject tochanges, omissions, and errors, andwe accept no liability for inaccuraciesthat may occur.The writers of this publication can bereached for questions or commentson content
19、at:601 Pennsylvania Avenue, NWNorth Building, Suite 600Washington, DC 20004by voice at 202.682.9110by fax at 202.682.9111or e-mail at research.analysistechamerica.orgCyberstates 2009 2009 Technology Education Foundation3THE TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION FOUNDATIONTechAmerica produces the Cyberstates, Cyberci
20、ties, and Trade in the Cyberstates reports through theTechnology Education Foundation, a non-profit, 501(c)(3), sister organization of TechAmerica that is dedicatedto promoting science, technology, and innovation in the United States. Through its ongoing CompetitivenessSeries, the Foundation also pr
21、oduces regular reports on the most timely and relevant issues to the tech industryand to American competitiveness in a global economy. We combine rigorous data with careful analysis toeducate industry executives, policymakers, and opinion leaders on the issues.TECHAMERICA | WHERE THE FUTURE BEGINSTe
22、chAmerica is the leading voice for the U.S. technology industry, the driving force behind productivitygrowth and job creation in the United States, and the foundation of the global innovation economy.Representing approximately 1,500 member companies of all sizes from the public and commercial sector
23、s of theeconomy, TechAmerica is the industrys largest advocacy organization and is dedicated to helping improvemembers top and bottom lines. It is also the technology industrys only grassroots-to-global advocacy network,with offices in state capitals around the United States, Washington, DC, Europe
24、(Brussels) and Asia (Beijing).TechAmerica was formed by the merger of AeA (formerly the American Electronics Association), the CyberSecurity Industry Alliance (CSIA), the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), and the GovernmentElectronics but recent newsof layoffs in the tech sector
25、foretell a bleaker future for continued job growth. CHAPTER 1: U.S. HIGH-TECH EMPLOYMENTU.S. HIGH-TECHAVERAGE EMPLOYMENT2002 - 20082002 5,917,7002003 5,584,7002004 5,540,0002005 5,627,3002006 5,766,3002007 5,845,9002008 5,922,9002008 employment data are preliminary.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Stati
26、sticsCyberstates 2009 2009 Technology Education Foundation10U.S. HIGH-TECH EMPLOYMENT2007 VS. 2008Numeric2007 2008 ChangeHigh-techManufacturing 1,289,100 1,266,000 -23,100CommunicationsServices 1,326,600 1,313,800 -12,700Software Services 1,619,400 1,705,600 +86,200Engineering andTech Services 1,610
27、,800 1,637,500 +26,600Total High-TTechEmployment 5,845,900 5,922,900 +77,0002008 employment data are preliminary.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics2008KEY INDUSTRY STATISTICSU.S. HIGH-TECH EMPLOYMENTTOTAL HIGH-TECH JOBS 5,922,886Percentage of Private Sector Workforce 5.2%HIGH-TECH MANUFACTURING
28、 JOBS 1,265,995HIGH-TECH SERVICES JOBS 4,656,931U.S. Unemployment 6.0%HIGH TECHADDED77,000JOBSBETWEEN2007 AND2008HIGH-TECHEMPLOYMENT TRENDS2002 - 2008EMPLOYMENT COMPARISONS(IN MILLIONS)Cyberstates 2009 2009 Technology Education Foundation11LEADING HIGH-TECHINDUSTRY SEGMENTS(EMPLOYMENT)+77,000+1.3%-2
29、3,100-1.8%+86,200+5.3%+26,600+1.7%(IN MILLIONS)+5,100 JOBS+0%+77,000+1.3%-12,700-1.0%SELECT INDUSTRIES2008Select Industry Employment2007 vs. 2008The tech industry was thesource of 5.9 million jobs in theUnited States in 2008. With morethan five percent of the privatesector workforce, the tech indust
30、ryremained one of the largestindustries by employment in theUnited States.The tech industry employedjust slightly fewer workers than thefinance and insurance industry, agap that narrowed in 2008. Techwas the only one of these industriesthat grew.Construction, finance andinsurance, food manufacturing
31、, andchemical manufacturing all shedjobs in 2008. CHAPTER 1: U.S. HIGH-TECH EMPLOYMENT2008 employment data are preliminary.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsHigh Tech Continues To Grow Despite Recession-5%+0%+1%-2%-1%Cyberstates 2009 2009 Technology Education Foundation12High-Tech Employment200
32、2 - 2008The U.S. high-tech industryadded 77,000 jobs to total 5.9million in 2008, marking the fourthconsecutive year of growth. This compares to gains of79,600 in 2007, 139,000 in2006, and 87,400 in 2005,indicating a slowing in the pace ofgains from previous years. Growth in the high-techindustry co
33、mes at a time whenother industries and the economyat large have already begun toshed jobs due to the recession. High-Tech Employment Rises for the Fourth Year in a Row+5,100 JOBS+0%2008 employment data are preliminary.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics(IN MILLIONS)(IN MILLIONS)+77,000+1.3%Six o
34、f the nine manufacturingsectors shed jobs, while threesectors saw an increase inemployment.The semiconductor manufac-turing industry experienced thelargest decline in employment from2007 to 2008, losing 10,900 jobs.Electromedical equipmentmanufacturing was the biggestwinner in 2008, adding 1,900jobs
35、, followed by communicationsequipment manufacturing (+1,100jobs) and measuring and controlinstruments manufacturing (+900jobs). CHAPTER 1: U.S. HIGH-TECH EMPLOYMENTHigh-tech manufacturingemployment dropped by 23,100net jobs in 2008, a smaller declinethan the 31,100 jobs lost in 2007.High-tech manufa
36、cturingemployment declined 16 percentsince 2002, falling from 1.5 millionto 1.3 million in 2008. The most significant declineoccurred between 2002 and 2003,when high-tech manufacturingdropped by 148,400. Since then,losses have occurred steadily but insmaller increments.2008 employment data are preli
37、minary.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics2008 employment data are preliminary.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsTech Manufacturing Employment by Sector2007 vs. 2008Employment in Six of Nine High-Tech Manufacturing Sectors DeclinesCyberstates 2009 2009 Technology Education Foundation13-10,9
38、00-5%-4,800-2%-900-0%-3,400-2%-248,500 JOBS-16%High-Tech Manufacturing Employment2002 - 2008(IN MILLIONS)Jobs Decline in High-Tech Manufacturing in 2008-23,100-2%Software Services Employment2002 - 2008Communications servicesemployment totaled 1.31 million in2008, down by 12,700 jobs, orone percent,
39、from 2007.The communications servicesindustry was hit hard following thebursting of the tech bubble.Employment in this sector peaked in2000 at 1.78 million and droppedin each of the following eight years.The communications servicesindustry includes all telecommuni-cations services industries (includ
40、ingwired, wireless, paging, satellite,and cable) and Internet services(such as Internet service providers,web search portals, and dataprocessing, hosting, and relatedservices).CHAPTER 1: U.S. HIGH-TECH EMPLOYMENTSoftware services industryemployment grew for the fifth yearin a row, increasing by 86,2
41、00jobs, from 1.62 million workers in2007 to 1.71 million in 2008.Software services was at a recordhigh, having surpassed its 2000peak of 1.58 million jobs.The software services industryincludes software publishers,computer systems design, customcomputer programming services,facilities management, an
42、d othercomputer-related services.2008 employment data are preliminary.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics2008 employment data are preliminary.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsCommunications Services Employment2002 - 2008Software Services Employment Increases SignificantlyCommunications Ser
43、vices Employment Continues To Struggle+315,300 JOBS+23%Cyberstates 2009 2009 Technology Education Foundation14-293,900 JOBS-18%(IN MILLIONS)(IN MILLIONS)-12,700-1%+86,200+5%Select Unemployment Rates by Occupation2007 vs. 2008Engineering and Tech Services Employment2002 - 2008Engineering and tech ser
44、vicesemployment totaled 1.64 million in2008, up two percent or 26,600 jobsfrom 2007. Employment in this sectorwas at an all-time high, employingsignificantly more people in 2008than any time in the past seven years.Of all the technology industries,the engineering and tech servicesindustry was the le
45、ast affected by thebursting of the tech bubble in 2001and consequent economic downturn.It remains to be seen whether it will beequally resilient in weathering thecurrent economic recession. The engineering and techservices industry includes engineeringservices, testing laboratories, R&D inbiotechnol
46、ogy, physical, engineering,and life sciences, and computertraining.CHAPTER 1: U.S. HIGH-TECH EMPLOYMENT2008 employment data are preliminary.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsEngineering and Tech Services Employment Continues To RiseUnemployment in many techsectors rose in 2008, thoughremained r
47、elatively low compared tothe economy at large. Computer and informationsystems managers saw an increasein unemployment from 1.4 percentin 2007 to 2.3 percent in 2008,along with computer programmers,whose unemployment rate rose from2.5 percent to 3.7 percent.Computer software engineersproved to be an
48、 exception, withunemployment falling from 1.8percent in 2007 to 1.6 percent in2008.High-Tech Unemployment Inches Up in 2008Not all occupations are represented. See appendix page A.5 for more details.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics+232,200 JOBS+17%Cyberstates 2009 2009 Technology Education Fo
49、undation15(IN MILLIONS)+26,600+2%INTRODUCTIONThis chapter examines trends in high-tech industry employment in eachcyberstate, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico between 2002 and 2007.Unfortunately, data at the state level lag by a year, and as a result, 2007employment data are the most recent available.California remained the nations leading cyberstate with 942,700technology industry employees in 2007, an increase of 2,000 jobs over 2006.This represents the third
