1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2013 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J101_201307 SURFACE VEHICLE STANDARD J101 JUL2013 Issued 1973-03 Stabilized 2013-
5、07 Superseding J101 DEC1989 Hydraulic Wheel Cylinders for Automotive Drum Brakes RATIONALE It was agreed in the October 2012 committee meeting that this document was beneficial, but the document is “good as is.“ The committee supported the direction to stabilize this document. STABILIZED NOTICE This
6、 document has been declared “Stabilized“ by the SAE Hydraulic Brake Components Standards Committee and will no longer be subjected to periodic reviews for currency. Users are responsible for verifying references and continued suitability of technical requirements. Newer technology may exist. Copyrig
7、ht SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J101 Stabilized JUL2013 Page 1 of 11 1. SCOPE This document specifies minimum performance and durability requirements for satisfactory vehicle usage, and
8、it is applicable to wheel cylinder assemblies from commercial production, after production shipment, shelf storage, and remanufacture (factory rebuild). 1.1 Purpose This document applies to wheel cylinder assemblies used on hydraulically operated, drum-type brakes of highway vehicles. It covers such
9、 cylinders where they are employed in passenger car, light-duty truck, bus, that are up to and including 4500 kg (10 000 lb), and like brake systems utilizing motor vehicle brake fluids that conform to SAE J1703, SAE J1704 or other OEM specified brake fluids. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Publication
10、s The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (ou
11、tside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J1603 Rubber Seals for Hydraulic Disc Brake Cylinders SAE J1703 Motor Vehicle Brake Fluid SAE J1704 Borate Ester Based Brake Fluids Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license fro
12、m IHS-,-,-SAE J101 Stabilized JUL2013 Page 2 of 11 2.1.2 ASTM Publication Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM D 1149 Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSurface Ozone Cracking in a Chamber (Flat Specimens) 3. TEST PROCED
13、URES AND REQUIREMENTS Tests shall be conducted in the sequence shown and at room temperature 20 C 3 C (70 F 5 F) except where otherwise specified. Wheel cylinders shall not be disassembled until after all tests are completed or unless testing is discontinued. A wheel cylinder assembly shall, when te
14、sted in accordance with the following procedures, meet the following requirements. 3.1 Unrestricted Apply and Release 3.1.1 Procedure 3.1.1.1 Remove the shipping plug from the wheel cylinder hydraulic inlet port(s). 3.1.1.2 Fully stroke the cylinder five times by hand and allow it to return under th
15、e piston return spring load. In the absence of a piston return spring, apply 50 kPa (7 psi) air pressure to the inlet port until the cylinder returns to its original position. Record time for return on fifth stroke. NOTE: Avoid stroking the wheel cylinder cups into the bleed screw and/or hydraulic i
16、nlet openings during this test. 3.1.2 Requirement 3.1.2.1 The piston(s) must move smoothly throughout full stroke after starting, and must be completely returned to original position on the fifth stroke within 30 s by the force of the piston return spring, or, in the absence of a return spring, by 3
17、5 kPa (5 psi) maximum air pressure at inlet port. 3.2 Ozone Resistance 3.2.1 Procedure 3.2.1.1 Seal the hydraulic port(s) from the atmosphere, install connecting link(s) where required to seal the small diameter of the boot, and to an ozone concentration of 50 pphm 5 pphm by volume at 40 C 3 C (100
18、F 5 F) for 70 h. 3.2.1.2 Remove the cylinder from the ozone chamber and visually inspect the boot(s) without disassembling. 3.2.2 Requirement 3.2.2.1 The boot(s) shall not be perforated or cracked through in any areas. (This is a conditioning test of the wheel cylinder for other tests which follow,
19、and the cylinder should be rejected if deterioration of the boot obviously precludes meeting subsequent test requirements.) Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J101 Stabilized JUL2013
20、 Page 3 of 11 3.3 Pressure Test 3.3.1 Procedure 3.3.1.1 Install the wheel cylinder on its load fixture and tighten the mounting bolts by hand. (See Note of 4.3 for single-end wheel cylinders.) Making certain that the connecting link(s) has (have) 4 deg 0.5 deg angularity with the wheel cylinder bore
21、 longitudinal axis, tighten the mounting bolts to the nominal torque specified by the vehicle manufacturer. Adjust the connecting link(s) so that the piston(s) is (are) in the brake release position. 3.3.1.2 Assemble the hydraulic connector of the test apparatus to the wheel cylinder and tighten to
22、the nominal torque specified by the vehicle manufacturer. Fill the test setup with new hydraulic fluid and bleed at all points in the system as necessary to remove air. Tighten the bleed screw to the nominal torque specified by the vehicle manufacturer. 3.3.1.3 Drop the connecting link lock(s) in pl
23、ace per Figure 2 and open the valve to the low pressure gage. Apply the master cylinder to build up 200 kPa 10 kPa (30 psi 1.5 psi) pressure in the system, shut off the valve to the master cylinder, and release the master cylinder. 3.3.1.4 Allow the pressure to the wheel cylinder to stabilize for 15
24、 to 20 s, and then record the pressure at the beginning and end of a 30 s 1 s interval. 3.3.1.5 Open the valve to the master cylinder, close the valve to the low pressure gage, and open the valve to the high-pressure gage. Repeat 3.3.1.3 and 3.3.1.4 except apply the master cylinder to build up 12 MP
25、a 1.2 MPa (1700 psi 170 psi) pressure in the system. 3.3.2 Requirement 3.3.2.1 Per 3.3.1.4 there shall be no drop in pressure in excess of 7 kPa (1 psi) in a 30 s 1 s interval. 3.3.2.2 Per 3.3.1.5 there shall be no drop in pressure in excess of 350 kPa (50 psi) in a 30 s 1 s interval. 3.4 Physical S
26、trength 3.4.1 Procedure 3.4.1.1 Open the valve to the master cylinder and apply the master cylinder to build up 35 MPa 3.5 MPa (5000 psi 500 psi) for wheel cylinders up to 30.2 mm (1-3/16 in). For wheel cylinders larger than 30.2 mm (1-3/16 in) and up to 50.8 mm (2 in), apply master cylinder pressur
27、e to 20 MPa 2 MPa (3000 psi 300 psi). Hold the pressure for 15 s 1 s and then release the master cylinder. 3.4.1.2 Observe the pressure gage during the test, and visually inspect the wheel cylinder and its mounting afterward for signs of leaks or structural failure. 3.4.1.3 Remove the connecting lin
28、k lock(s). 3.4.2 Requirement 3.4.2.1 The gage shall show no abrupt pressure drop and the cylinder shall show no signs of mechanical failure. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J101 S
29、tabilized JUL2013 Page 4 of 11 3.5 Humidity Operation 3.5.1 Procedure 3.5.1.1 Place the load fixture(s) with the wheel cylinder(s) in the humidity cabinet. Set the pressure actuating mechanism for cyclic operation at 1000 cycles/h 100 cycles/h (3.3 to 4.0 s/cycle of apply and release stroke), and ad
30、just it to build up a master cylinder output pressure of 3.4 MPa 0.3 MPa (500 psi 50 psi). Stroke 16 h at 46 C 3 C (115 F 5 F) temperature and 95 % 3 % relative humidity; and then cease stroking for 8 h while at 20 C 3 C (70 F 5 F) temperature and resultant relative humidity. Periodically observe th
31、e wheel cylinder action during stroking. 3.5.1.2 Repeat this sequence. 3.5.1.3 Remove the load fixture(s) with the wheel cylinder(s) from the humidity cabinet at the end of the second day (32 000 cycles stroking and 16 h static). 3.5.1.4 DO NOT DISTURB WHEEL CYLINDER BOOT(S). 3.5.1.5 Perform pressur
32、e test per 3.3. 3.5.1.6 Open the valve to the master cylinder and remove the connecting link lock(s). 3.5.2 Requirement 3.5.2.1 The wheel cylinder piston(s) must fully apply the load fixture(s) to its bottom or stop and allow it to return to the full release stop within a stroke cycle of the master
33、cylinder. 3.5.2.2 Also see requirements for 3.3. 3.6 High Temperature Durability 3.6.1 Procedure 3.6.1.1 Set the pressure actuating mechanism for cyclic operation at 1000 cycles/h 100 cycles/h (3.3 to 4.0 s/cycle of apply and release stroke). Empty the leak trap(s) and place the load fixture(s) with
34、 the cylinder(s) in the heat cabinet. Adjust the pressure actuating mechanism to build up a master cylinder output pressure of 7.0 MPa 0.7 MPa (1000 psi 100 psi). Place the leak trap under each wheel cylinder boot and commence stroking while raising the temperature of the cabinet to 120 C 5 C (250 F
35、 10 F) or 100 C 5 C (210 F 10 F) depending on the maximum service temperature of the application (100 C or 120 C) within 6 h. 3.6.1.2 Periodically observe the wheel cylinder action during stroking. 3.6.1.3 Discontinue stroking at the end of 70 000 cycles. Inspect the wheel cylinder for external leak
36、age. Measure and record the fluid in each leak trap. 3.6.1.4 Empty the leak trap(s), shut off the valve to the master cylinder, and open the valve from the wheel cylinder(s) to the standpipe. Place the leak trap under each wheel cylinder boot and let the system stand idle for 12 to 18 h, during whic
37、h the cabinet shall be allowed to cool to room temperature. Measure and record leakage. 3.6.1.5 Shut off the valve to the standpipe, open the valve to the master cylinder, and repeat 3.3 (Pressure Test) 3.6.1.6 Open the valve to the master cylinder, remove the connecting link lock(s), and remove the
38、 load fixture(s) from the heat cabinet. 3.6.1.7 Perform pressure test per 3.3. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J101 Stabilized JUL2013 Page 5 of 11 3.6.2 Requirements 3.6.2.1 Per
39、3.6.1.3, there shall be no visible leakage at the wheel cylinder bleed screw or hydraulic connector(s) and leakage at each boot of the wheel cylinder shall not be measurable. 3.6.2.2 Per 3.6.1.4, leakage at each boot shall not exceed five drops. 3.6.2.3 Also see requirement for 3.3. 3.7 Cold Tempera
40、ture Operation 3.7.1 Procedure 3.7.1.1 Empty the leak trap(s) and place the load fixture(s) with the wheel cylinder(s) in the cold chamber. Set the pressure actuating mechanism for cyclic operation at 500 cycles/h 50 cycles/h (6.6 to 8.0 s/cycle of apply and release stroke), and adjust it to build u
41、p a master cylinder output pressure of 3.5 MPa 0.3 MPa (500 psi 50 psi). Place the leak trap under each wheel cylinder boot and lower the temperature of the chamber to -40 C 3 C (40 F 5 F) within 18 h. Commence stroking after a minimum of 4 h soak at the test temperature. 3.7.1.2 Observe the wheel c
42、ylinder action during stroking. 3.7.1.3 Discontinue stroking at the end of 20 cycles and allow the load fixture(s) to come to room temperature. Inspect the wheel cylinder for external leakage. Measure and record the fluid in each leak trap. 3.7.1.4 Perform pressure test per 3.3. 3.7.1.5 Open the val
43、ve to the master cylinder and remove the connecting link lock(s), and remove the load fixture from the cold chamber. 3.7.2 Requirements 3.7.2.1 There shall be no visible leakage at the wheel cylinder bleed screw or hydraulic connector(s), and leakage at each boot of the wheel cylinder shall not exce
44、ed five drops. 3.7.2.2 Also see requirement for 3.3. 3.8 Storage Corrosion Resistance 3.8.1 Procedure 3.8.1.1 Remove the wheel cylinder connector at its juncture with the line to the master cylinder, and then, taking care not to empty fluid from the wheel cylinder or its connecting tubing/hose, inst
45、all a vented plug in the open end of connecting tubing/hose. With the wheel cylinder on its load fixture or a like device that holds the piston(s) in release position, place empty leak trap(s) under the cylinder boot(s) and store the cylinder for seven days at room temperature. At the end of seven d
46、ays, examine the cylinder for visible leakage. Measure the amount of fluid in the leakage trap(s). 3.8.1.2 Remove the piston clamps, if used, and remount the cylinder on the load fixture or like device allowing equivalent piston stroke. Reattach the cylinder to the test apparatus or equivalent and b
47、uild up hydraulic pressure gradually until the piston(s) starts to move, measure and record this pressure. Continue the pressure buildup until 3.5 MPa 0.3 MPa (500 psi 50 psi) is achieved and release it, meanwhile observing the wheel cylinder action. Perform pressure test per 3.3. Copyright SAE Inte
48、rnational Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J101 Stabilized JUL2013 Page 6 of 11 3.8.1.3 Open the valve to the master cylinder and remove the connecting link lock(s). 3.8.2 Requirements 3.8.2.1 There shall be no visible leakage at the wheel cylinder bleed screw or hydraulic connector(s), and leakage at each boot shall not exceed five drops. 3.8.2.2 Piston(s) must start t
