1、 _ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising ther
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4、70 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/J1113/27_201710 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J1113 -27 OCT2017 Issued 1995-02 Revised
5、2012-06 Reaffirmed 2017-10 Superseding J1113-27JUN2012 Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurements Procedure for Vehicle Components - Part 27 - Immunity to Radiated Electromagnetic Fields - Mode Stir Reverberation Method RATIONALE J1113-27 has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE Five-Year Review p
6、olicy. 1. SCOPE 1.1 Vehicle electrical/electronic systems may be affected when immersed in an electromagnetic field generated by sources such as radio and TV broadcast stations, radar and communication sites, mobile transmitters, cellular phones, etc. The reverberation method is used to evaluate the
7、 immunity of electronic devices in the frequency range of 500 MHz to 2.0 GHz, with possible extensions to 200 MHz and 10 GHz, depending upon chamber size and construction. Optional pulse modulation testing at HIRF (High Intensity Radiated Fields) test levels, based upon currently known environmental
8、 threats, has been added to this revision of the standard. This document addresses the Mode Stir (Continuous Stirring) Reverberation testing method which has been successfully utilized as a design and production stage development tool for many years. The Mode Tuned (Stepped Tuner) Reverberation test
9、ing method is covered in the SAE J1113-28 document. 1.2 This document provides the component design and test engineers with a test procedure and the performance requirements necessary to quickly evaluate the immunity of electronic devices to radiated electromagnetic fields early in the design stage
10、as well as pilot and production stages. This method is an alternative to testing in an absorber lined chamber. Ensuring electromagnetic compatibility early in the development stage will minimize costly changes later in the program and will prevent excessive component level hardening during full-vehi
11、cle level testing. 1.3 The reverberation test method performs a dual function: 1.3.1 The primary function of the method is to provide a bench test procedure correlative to vehicle-level radiated immunity testing in the anechoic chamber and at mobile transmitter sites. 1.3.2 The method can quickly ev
12、aluate the relative performance of different designs of the same device. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. General informati
13、on regarding this test, including general definitions, and safety considerations are found in SAE J1113-1. 2.1.1 SAE Publication Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.
14、SAE J1113-1 Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedures and Limits for Components of Vehicles, Boats (up to 15 m), and Machines (Except Aircraft) (16.6 Hz to 18 GHz) 2.1.2 NBS Publication Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 1070, Gaithersbur
15、g, MD 20899-1070, Tel: 301-975-6478, www.nist.gov. NBS Technical Note 1092 Design, Evaluation, and Use of a Reverberating Chamber for Performing Electromagnetic Susceptibility / Vulnerability Measurements 2.1.3 NIST Publications Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bure
16、au Drive, Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, Tel: 301-975-6478, www.nist.gov. NIST Technical Note 1506 Electromagnetic Theory of Reverberation Chambers NIST Technical Note 1508 Evaluation of the NASA Langley Research Center Mode-Stirred Chamber Facility 2.1.4 IEC Publications Available from ANS
17、I, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. IEC 61000-4-21 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-21: Testing and measurement techniques Reverberation chamber test methods 2.1.5 ISO Publications Available from ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-
18、8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ISO 11452-11 Road vehicles - Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Part 11: Reverberation chamber 2.1.6 Military Publications Available from IHS Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East,
19、Englewood, CO 80112, Tel: 800-854-7179, http:/ or from http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil/. MIL-STD-461F Department of Defense Interface Standard, Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics of Subsystems and Equipment SAE INTERNATIONAL J1113-27 OCT2017 Page 2 of 26_ 2.1.7 RT
20、CA Publications Available from RTCA Inc., 1828 L Street NW Suite 805, Washington, DC 20036-5133, Tel: 202-833-9339, www.rtca.org. RTCA DO-160G Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment 3. DEFINITIONS Definitions specific to this test method are included. 3.1 REVERBERATION C
21、HAMBER A high Q shielded room (cavity) whose boundary conditions are changed via a rotating tuner. This results in a time-averaged uniform electromagnetic field. See Appendix A for additional information. 3.2 TUNER A rotating metallic reflector that changes the boundary conditions in a reverberation
22、 chamber as it rotates. As the tuner rotates, the nulls and maximums in the field change location, ensuring the DUT and wiring harness are exposed to a time-averaged uniform field. See Appendix A for additional information. 3.3 MODE STIR A reverberation method that rotates the tuner continuously whi
23、le sampling the reference antenna received power, field probe response, and DUT response at rates much faster than the tuner revolution rate. 3.4 REVERBERATION CHAMBER QUALITY FACTOR (Q) Q is the chamber quality factor and is a measure of how well the chamber stores energy. For a given chamber, Q va
24、ries as a function of frequency and can be calculated (See A.1.2). 3.5 NUMBER OF POSSIBLE MODES (N) As a general rule, the lower frequency limit of the chamber is dependent on chamber size and the number of possible modes (N) which can exist at a given frequency. 3.6 LOADED REVERBERATION CHAMBER QUA
25、LITY FACTOR (QLoaded) QLoadedis the chamber quality factor and is a measure of how well the chamber stores energy with the DUT, wiring harness and support equipment. The chamber Q will be effected by the DUT, wiring harness and support equipment. QLoadedwith the DUT, wiring harness and support equip
26、ment will need to be calculated in order to determine the chamber time constant ( ) for DUT test using pulse modulation. 3.7 REVERBERATION CHAMBER 3dB Q BANDWIDTH (dBBW3) An approximate equivalent definition for Q is the ratio of the resonance frequency to the bandwidth between the frequencies on op
27、posite sides of the resonance frequency (known as half-power points) where the response of the resonant structure differs by 3 dB from that at resonance. 3.8 CHAMBER TIME CONSTANT ( ) For transients or pulsed signals, the rise or decay time constant is related to the Q of the chamber and frequency.
28、is the minimum test pulse width that the loaded reverberation chamber can sustain. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1113-27 OCT2017 Page 3 of 26_ 3.9 LOWEST USABLE FREQUENCY (LUF) Is the lowest frequency for which the field uniformity requirements are met. The LUF is determined during the characterization of the
29、chamber in accordance with Appendix B. 3.10 UNLOADED CHAMBER LOSS FACTOR (LUNLOADED) The ratio (in dB) of the maximum received power (in watts) to the average transmitted forward power (in watts) over one tuner rotation without the DUT and supporting equipment present. The LUNLOADEDis determined to
30、provide a baseline for comparison with a loaded chamber. 3.11 DUT LOADED CHAMBER LOSS FACTOR (LDUT) The ratio (in dB) of the maximum received power (in watts) to the average transmitted forward power (in watts) over one tuner rotation with the DUT and supporting equipment present. 3.12 RECEIVE POWER
31、 MAXIMUM TO MINIMUM RATIO (Pr max/min) The difference (in dB) between the maximum received power (Pr max) and the minimum received power (Pr min) over one full rotation of the tuner. This shows the ability of the chamber and tuner to reverberate. 3.13 PEAK FIELD STRENGTH INSIDE THE CHAMBER (Emax) Th
32、e maximum field strength inside the chamber (V/m) which is calculated based upon the maximum receive power (Pr max) measured over one tuner rotation. 3.14 FORWARD POWER REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE THE TEST FIELD STRENGTH (PTest) The forward power required, in dBm, to achieve the test field strength is calcu
33、lated based upon the desired field test field strength (Edesired), the maximum field strength (Emax) measured in the loaded chamber, and the maximum forward power (Pf max) measured in the loaded chamber over one tuner rotation. 3.15 WORKING VOLUME The working volume is defined as being a distance of
34、 /4 from the chamber walls and from any antenna, tuner, or other object at the lowest frequency of operation. For a chamber operating above 100 MHz, this would be 0,75 m. This is the volume within the reverberation chamber that contains the test bench, the DUT, the harness, the support equipment tha
35、t is located on the test bench and the receiving antenna. 3.16 DUT Device Under Test. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1113-27 OCT2017 Page 4 of 26_ 4. TEST EQUIPMENT 4.1 RF Signal Generator 500 MHz to 2.0 GHz (200 MHz to 10 GHz optional). Pulse modulation capability optional. 4.2 Broadband Power Amplifier(s) 500
36、 MHz to 2.0 GHz (200 MHz to 10 GHz optional). Power requirements: 50 W minimum below 1 GHz, 250 W above 1 GHz (pulse capability optional). The amplifier should be able to drive a load of any impedance mismatch for at least 15 s without damage to itself. 4.3 RF Circulator with 50 RF Load An RF Circul
37、ator with 50 RF Load is recommended on the output of the Broadband Power Amplifier. The RF Circulator with 50 RF Load shall be rated properly (power handling and frequency range) for use with the Broadband Power Amplifier that it is being used. As the tuner rotates, it will change the boundary condi
38、tions of the chamber and will eventually cause a considerable amount of RF power to be reflected back into the Broadband Power Amplifier output port (high VSWR condition). An RF Circulator with a 50 RF Load, on the output of the amplifier, will revert the reflected power back to the 50 RF load inste
39、ad of the Broadband Power Amplifier RF output port. This will prevent amplifier ”fold-back” and/or “tripping” due to the high VSWR condition and will provide for a more consistent forward power condition throughout the full rotation of the tuner. 4.4 Antennas Two antennas are needed, one for transmi
40、ssion and one for reception. 4.4.1 Suggested antennas: a. 500 (200 optional) MHz to 1 GHz - Log periodic b. 1 GHz to 2 (10 optional) GHz Double ridged guide 4.5 Spectrum Analyzer 500 MHz to 2.0 GHz (200 MHz to 10 GHz optional). 4.6 Directional Couplers 500 MHz to 2.0 GHz (200 MHz to 10 GHz optional)
41、. Average power 500 W, peak power 10 kW, coupling factor 20 dB minimum, and directivity 20 dB minimum. 4.6.1 Two directional couplers are needed for the following use: a. Transmit forward power b. Transmit reflected power 4.6.2 Typical Bands a. 0.5 (0.2 optional) to 1 GHz b. 1 to 2 GHz c. 2 to 10 GH
42、z (optional) SAE INTERNATIONAL J1113-27 OCT2017 Page 5 of 26_ 4.7 10 dB Attenuator 500 MHz to 2.0 GHz (200 MHz to 10 GHz optional), power rating 50 W average, 1 kW peak. 4.8 Power Meter 500 MHz to 2.0 GHz (200 MHz to 10 GHz optional), including power sensor heads (peak power sensor heads optional).
43、4.8.1 Two power meters are needed, one for transmit forward power and one for transmit reflected power. 4.8.2 The power meters should have a sample rate sufficient to capture at least 400 samples per tuner revolution. 4.9 Computer Control (recommended) Specialized software used in conjunction with a
44、 computer and the RF test equipment should be utilized to characterize the chamber performance per Appendix B, prior to any testing. The software should store the characterization information for use during testing. The computer and software will then be used to control the RF test equipment and tun
45、er during the testing. The software shall be capable of performing the tests as described in Section 7 of this document. 4.10 Mode Stir Chamber Reverberation chamber with a tuner (see Appendix A). The room shall be constructed of steel (preferably galvanized, but cold rolled steel is allowed). Minim
46、um recommended room dimensions are 4.88 m x 3.66 m x 3.05 m (16 ft L x 12 ft W x 10 ft H). Key characteristics of the chamber shall be verified to ensure an accurate and valid test (see Appendix B). 4.11 RF Field Monitoring Two broadband electric field probes are needed for the empty chamber charact
47、erization. The probes should be a single linear axis or, if isotropic, should allow access to each individual axis. An isotropic probe with only the root-sum-squares (total field) output may be used but will generally indicate a higher electric field than the receive power calculations. The probes s
48、hould have a sample rate sufficient to capture at least 400 samples per tuner revolution. 4.12 Tuner A three-dimensional, asymmetrical tuner is recommended. See A.1.4. of Appendix A for design considerations. The tuner shall be made of conductive material (e.g., aluminum or galvanized steel) and capable of changing the
