1、SURFACE VEHICLERECOMMENDED PRACTICEJ1336SEP2014Issued 1987-06Revised 2014-09Superseding J1336 JUN1987Hydraulic Cylinder Leakage TestRATIONALEThis Standard is revised to clarify definitions and incorporate ISO 4406 as reference for fluid cleanliness1. SCOPEApplies to hydraulic cylinders which are com
2、ponents of Off-Road Self-Propelled Work Machines defined in SAE J1116.1.1 PurposeTo provide a laboratory method for determining the capability of a cylinder to seal fluid under specified cycling or holding conditions.2. REFERENCES2.1 Applicable DocumentsThe following publications form a part of this
3、 specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PublicationsAvailable from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside US
4、A), www.sae.org.SAE J1116 Categories of Off-Road Work MachinesSAE J1176 External Leakage Classifications for Hydraulic SystemsSAE J1276 Standardized Fluid for Hydraulic Component Tests_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technica
5、l and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which ti
6、me it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2014 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mech
7、anical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: CustomerServicesae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To p
8、rovide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visithttp:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1336_201409SAE INTERNATIONAL J1336 Revised SEP2014 Page 2 of 62.1.2 ISO PublicationsAvailable from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.a
9、nsi.org.ISO 4406 Hydraulic Fluid Power Fluids - Method for coding the level of contamination by solid particles3. DEFINITIONS3.1 CYCLEThe movement of the piston and rod from its starting point and return to its original position for a specified test stroke length.3.2 CYCLE RATEThe number of cycles p
10、er unit of time.3.3 DRIFTRod movement while holding a constant load.3.4 DYNAMIC LEAKAGEThe volume of fluid leaking past a seal under cycling conditions.3.5 DYNAMIC LEAKAGE COEFFICIENTA measure of dynamic leakage volume per unit of swept area.Ka = Dynamic leakage coefficient for piston end to rod end
11、 leakageKb = Dynamic leakage coefficient for rod end to piston end leakageKc = Dynamic leakage coefficient for external leakage3.6 EXTERNAL SEALA seal or seal set configuration which restricts leakage flow to the outside of a cylinder.3.7 INTERNAL SEALA seal or seal set configuration which restricts
12、 leakage flow when pressurized fluid is applied on either side of the piston.3.8 “N“The number of cycles measured to determine dynamic coefficients Ka, Kb, or Kc.3.9 RATED PRESSUREThe continuous duty operating pressure specified by the manufacturer.3.10 STROKE LENGTHThe total distance traveled by th
13、e piston in completing one-half cycle.SAE INTERNATIONAL J1336 Revised SEP2014 Page 3 of 64. TESTING CONDITIONS4.1 Accuracy of MeasurementThe accuracy of measurements unless otherwise stated shall be: Temperature 3 C ( 5 F), Pressure 2%, Leakage 2%, Time 2% and Length 2%.4.2 Test FluidThe test fluid
14、shall be per SAE J1276 unless otherwise specified.4.3 Fluid Test TemperatureThe fluid test temperature, measured in the supply line, shall be one or both of 50 C (122 F) and110 C (230 F) or as agreed between user and supplier.4.4 Test PressureOperational test pressure shall be the manufacturers rate
15、d pressure and measured at the cylinder work ports. A 10% transient overshoot is permissible.4.5 Contamination LevelTest system shall have a contamination level not to exceed ISO 4406 Code -/17/14.4.6 Test Stroke LengthThe length of stroke for the operational test shall be equal to at least 15% of t
16、he maximum stroke length of the hydraulic cylinder.4.7 Cycle RateThe cycle rate shall be as specified by the manufacturer unless agreed upon between supplier and manufacturer based on cylinder rating.5. TEST EQUIPMENT5.1 Use a suitable test fixture, for example, an oscillating beam type, a conventio
17、nal in-line beam type, or similar fixture,in which the test cylinder can be loaded or driven in either direction under both static and dynamic conditions by means of a second cylinder.5.2 Use a suitable control filter capable of maintaining the required fluid cleanliness level and use coolers or hea
18、ters asrequired to maintain specified test temperatures.6. TEST PROCEDURE - INTERNAL SEALEither one, or both, of the following tests may be conducted, as agreed upon between user and supplier, however, the drift rate test is recommended (see caution paragraph 6.2).6.1 Drift Rate Test6.1.1 Cycle cyli
19、nder until the fluid and cylinder temperatures are stabilized. Stop cylinder within 20% of mid stroke.SAE INTERNATIONAL J1336 Revised SEP2014 Page 4 of 66.1.2 Block the cap end port and insert a pressure gage. Leave rod end port open to atmosphere.6.1.3 Apply an external load to the cylinder suffici
20、ent to produce a minimum pressure, 20%, 60%, and 100% of rated pressure at cap end of cylinder or as otherwise agreed upon by the parties concerned.6.1.4 Hold at specified pressure and record rod travel. After initial compression travel, read and record movement for 5 minutes at one minute intervals
21、. Maintain the temperature of the cylinder within 1 C (2 F) or errors due to oil volume change could result.6.1.5 Repeat test at rod end of cylinder (see paragraph 6.1.1).NOTE: Drift is the accumulation of leakage of both the internal piston seal and the external seal, expressed as rod travel.6.2 Dy
22、namic Leakage TestCAUTION: Some seals can be damaged during the internal seal dynamic leakage test due to the seal running drier than normal. Consideration should be given to seal material and construction before using this dynamic leakage test.6.2.1 Retain piston end port connection and arrange val
23、ving to provide pressure in either one or both directions alternatively as specified. Disconnect line from test cylinder rod end to allow measurement of leakage from cap end to rod end.6.2.2 Using the loading/driving cylinder to provide the return stroke, resume cycling at specified temperature and
24、adjust valving to obtain rated pressure on the test cylinder.6.2.3 Continue cycling the test cylinder for a minimum of 100 cycles, then measure and record: (1) any leakage from test cylinder return line for “N“ complete cycles of the moving element and (2) the pressure in the piston end during both
25、extension and retraction.6.2.4 Using the leakage volume obtained in paragraph 6.2.3, calculate the internal dynamic leakage coefficient, Ka,according to the following expression:KaLeakage Volume (mL) Accumulated in “N” Cycles“N” Sealed Circumference (m) 2 x Stroke Length (m)-=(Eq. 1)6.2.5 Repeat the
26、 above steps, for leakage from the rod end to the piston end, by reversing connections. (This step may be omitted if agreed upon by the parties concerned.)6.2.6 Using the leakage volume obtained in paragraph 6.2.5 calculate the internal dynamic coefficient, Kb, according to the following expression:
27、KbLeakage Volume (mL) Accumulated in “N” Cycles“N” Sealed Circumference (m) 2 x Stroke Length (m)-=(Eq. 2)7. TEST PROCEDURE - EXTERNAL SEAL7.1 Cycle the test cylinder at specified temperature with valving arranged to provide rated pressure at the rod end port in either direction, as specified. Recor
28、d pressure in both directions.7.2 Continue cycling test cylinder for a minimum of 100 cycles, then measure and record the accumulated leakage for “N“ complete cycles of the moving element.7.3 Calculate the external dynamic leakage coefficient, Kc, using the following expression:KcLeakage Volume (mL)
29、 Accumulated in “N” Cycles“N” Sealed Circumference (m) 2 x Stroke Length (m)-=(Eq. 3)SAE INTERNATIONAL J1336 Revised SEP2014 Page 5 of 68. PRESENTATION OF RESULTS8.1 Record general data shown in Appendix A.8.2 Record basic data from paragraphs 6.1, 6.2 and Section 7.8.3 Report Kc, drift rates or Ka
30、and Kb.9. NOTES9.1 Marginal IndiciaA change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a com
31、plete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only.PREPARED BY THE SAE CTTC C1 HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS COMMITEESAE INTERNATIONAL J1336 Revised SEP2014 Page 6 of 6APPENDIX A - HYDRAUL
32、IC CYLINDER LEAKAGE TESTManufacture: Model: Size: Test Fluid: Fluid Viscosity: At Viscosity Index: Maximum Contamination Level: / / Type of Test Fixture Used: Rated Pressure: Pressure Rise Rate: 60% Rated Pressure: 20% Rated Pressure: Minimum Pressure: Cycle Rate: Stroke Length: Average Rod Velocity:
