1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2013 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1518_201310 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J1518 OCT2013 Issued 1986-06 Re
5、vised 2013-10 Superseding J1518 MAY2003 Three-Point Hitch (Type A) Backhoe Personnel Protection RATIONALE This document is being revised including the following: g120 Removal of various referenced Standards that have been cancelled or where the reference was not valid. g120 Addition of various refer
6、enced Standards replacing others that have been cancelled. g120 Correcting of “revision numbers” of certain referenced Standards to show the most current version. g120 Addition of titles for certain referenced Standards where titles were previously omitted. g120 Addition of reference to ASAE standar
7、d for agricultural tractors. g120 Correction of typographical errors. g120 Use of more commonly used terms or requirements. 1. SCOPE This SAE Recommended Practice applies to three-point hitch (Type A) backhoes as defined in SAE J326 when mounted on either an agricultural tractor as defined in ANSI/A
8、SAE S390 or other off-road self-propelled work machine as defined in SAE J1116. This criterion is intended for the manufacturer of the backhoe, whether or not the backhoe is manufactured or marketed by the same company that manufactures or markets the propelling machine. 1.1 Purpose This SAE Recomme
9、nded Practice establishes minimum performance criteria for operator and bystander protection from machinery hazards for three-point hitch (Type A) general purpose backhoes which are within the scope of this document. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Publications The following publications form a part of
10、 the specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest revision of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), w
11、ww.sae.org. SAE J49 Specifications Definitions - Hydraulic Backhoes SAE J115 Safety Signs SAE J185 Access Systems for Off-Road Machines SAE J1518 Revised OCT2013 Page 2 of 8 SAE J326 Nomenclature - Hydraulic Backhoes SAE J517 Hydraulic Hose SAE J899 Operators Seat Dimensions for Off-Road Self-Propel
12、led Work Machines SAE J920 Technical Publications for Off-Road Work Machines SAE J1116 Categories of Off-Road Self-Propelled Work Machines 2.1.2 ISO Publications Available from ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ISO 3411:2007 Earth-moving machinery -
13、 Human physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope ISO 3457 Earth-moving machinery - Guards - Definitions and requirements ISO 5353 Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - Seat index point 2.1.3 ASABE Publications Available from the
14、American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659, Tel: 269-428-6324, www.asabe.org. ASAE S203.14 Front and Rear Power Take-Off for Agricultural Tractors ASAE S217.12 Three-Point Free-Link Hitch Attachment of Implements to Agricultural Wheel Tracto
15、rs ASAE S277.2 Mounting Brackets and Socket for Warning Lamp and Slow-Moving Vehicle (SMV) Identification Emblem. ASAE S278.7 Agricultural wheeled tractors and implements - Three-point hitch couplers - Part 1: U-frame coupler ASAE S390 Definitions and Classifications of Agricultural Field Equipment
16、3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Backhoe Components See SAE J326. 3.2 Functional Component A working mechanism of an attachment or implement designed to perform a specific task such as the bucket of a backhoe. 3.3 Inadvertent Contact Contact between a person and machinery hazard, or other type of hazard, resultin
17、g from the persons unplanned action during normal operation or servicing. SAE J1518 Revised OCT2013 Page 3 of 8 3.4 Label A durable label used as a safety sign or for instruction or identification and that shall meet or exceed the requirements of 4.3 of this document. 3.5 Machinery Hazard A source o
18、f potential injury created by machinery parts which can cause serious injury upon contact or by entanglement of personal apparel. This includes, but is not limited to, pinch points of power driven gears, run-on points of belts and chains, and projections on rotating parts. 3.6 Normal Operating Posit
19、ion The position specified by the manufacturer in which the operator is able to control the backhoe operations. The operator is sitting on the backhoe seat with hands on the backhoe control levers and feet on areas provided for foot placement. 3.7 Power Take Off (PTO) An external shaft on the rear o
20、f a propelling machine to provide rotational power to implements. (ASAE S203.14) 3.8 Propelling Machine An agricultural tractor or other off-road self-propelled work machine. 3.9 Shield (Or Guard) A protective device, alone or combined with other parts of the machine, designed and fitted to minimize
21、 the possibility of contact with a machinery hazard. 4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 4.1 Guarding and Shielding 4.1.1 Guarding and shielding shall be provided to protect against inadvertent contact with machinery hazards during normal mounting, starting, operating, or dismounting of the equipment. 4.1.2 The
22、 following are some potential hazard areas: 1. Possible pinch points between moving components and the operator. 2. Implement or pump input drive line assembly. 4.1.3 Shields shall remain functional under the forces that could be applied by a 120 kg (260 lb) individual leaning on, falling against or
23、 stepping on them. This applies only to those forces that could be expected in normal machine operation and maintenance. 4.1.4 Equipment with access doors and shields which can be opened or removed while components continue to rotate more than 7 s after the power is disengaged, shall have: a. Visibl
24、e or audible indication of rotation and, b. A suitable safety sign per SAE J115 4.1.5 Access doors, guards, and shields, which need to be opened for normal servicing, shall be easily opened and closed, but shall not be readily detached from the machine. 4.1.6 Safety signs per 4.3.2 shall be affixed
25、to the backhoe in a prominent location stating that the backhoe shall not be operated without removable shield(s) in place. SAE J1518 Revised OCT2013 Page 4 of 8 4.2 Controls 4.2.1 Control Functional Requirements On machines designed after the publication of this document, the boom control shall hav
26、e four positions as follows: Position A Moving towards the operator from neutral shall raise the boom. Position B Neutral shall hold the booms vertical position blocking both ports of the boom cylinder valve. Position C Moving the control away from the operator shall cause the boom to lower. Positio
27、n D Moving the control further away from the operator beyond Position “C” shall enter a “float” position, or some other means shall be provided so that pressure is relieved from the end of the boom cylinder which forces the boom down. The valve control shall return automatically from Position “D” to
28、 neutral when released. 4.2.2 Control Identification The controls furnished with the backhoe, and their direction of motion for stopping, starting, speed control and all operating functions shall be identified by a label per 4.3.3. 4.3 Labels and Safety Signs 4.3.1 Machine Identification The backhoe
29、 shall be provided with identification per 4.3.4 or 4.3.5 giving model number, serial number and the name and address of either the U.S. or Canadian source of replacement parts and services. 4.3.2 Safety Signs Safety signs shall conform to all requirements of SAE J115. 4.3.3 Labels Labels shall meet
30、 the durability requirements of SAE J115. 4.3.3.1 Cast Labels Embossed, indented, cast or molded metal labels shall be considered sufficient to meet the requirements of this section. 4.3.4 Metal Plates Metal plates over 0.48 mm (0.019 in) thick with embossed or etched lettering and fastened with riv
31、ets or equivalent fastening means shall be considered sufficient to meet the requirements of this section. 4.4 Operation, Service and Maintenance Instructions 4.4.1 General Requirements Specific written instructions shall be provided with the equipment explaining proper operation of the machine plus
32、 proper operational, service and maintenance procedures to avoid potential hazards. (See also SAE J920.) The operators manual shall also advise that: “In addition to the design and configuration of equipment, hazard control and accident prevention are dependent upon the awareness, concern, prudence,
33、 and proper training of personnel involved in the operation, transport, maintenance, and storage of equipment.” 4.4.1.1 Written hazard avoidance instructions shall identify the need for personal protective equipment such as, but not limited to, protection for eyes, ears, feet, hands and head. SAE J1
34、518 Revised OCT2013 Page 5 of 8 4.4.1.2 The operators manual shall contain instructions so that a person has adequate information to prepare the backhoe for operation, adjust, start, operate, transport, stop, park and unhitch the backhoe. 4.4.1.3 The operators manual shall include backhoe specificat
35、ions per SAE J49. 4.4.2 Hydraulic Warnings The operators, service and maintenance manuals shall contain: g120 A warning that hydraulic fluid escaping under pressure can have sufficient force to penetrate skin and do serious damage, and that if fluid is injected into the skin, it can result in gangre
36、ne if the fluid is not surgically removed within a few hours by a doctor familiar with this form of injury. g120 A warning to keep body and hands away from pin holes or nozzles which eject hydraulic fluid under high pressure and to use paper or cardboard, not hands, to search for leaks. g120 A warni
37、ng to make sure all hydraulic fluid connections are tight and all hydraulic hoses and lines are in good condition before operating. g120 Instructions on how to relieve all pressure in the hydraulic system before disconnecting lines or servicing system. 5. MACHINE REQUIREMENTS 5.1 Hydraulic Component
38、s 5.1.1 Hydraulic hose assemblies furnished with the backhoe, subjected to pressures above 1725 kPa (250 psi) shall meet the requirements of SAE J517. 5.1.2 Pressurized hoses, hydraulic lines and other hydraulic components furnished with the backhoe shall be guarded per the requirements in ISO 3457
39、5.2 Access System 5.2.1 Hand holds and steps shall be provided for mounting and dismounting per SAE J185. 5.3 Stored Energy Devices Any stored energy device such as, but not limited to, spring loaded mechanisms and pressurized fluid systems such as hydraulic accumulators which can be disconnected, d
40、isassembled or freed in such a way as to release energy or material in a hazardous manner, shall have an appropriate safety sign on or near the device. The sign shall include instructions for de-energizing and proper disassembly or include a reference to instructions provided in the operators manual
41、. 5.4 Attachment Means Three-point hitch backhoes shall be attached to the propelling machine by one of the following means: g120 Use of only the two lower hitch points of the three-point hitch coupler of the propelling machine as defined in ASAE S217.12 or ISO 730. The backhoe shall not be capable
42、of accepting the standard ASABE or ISO upper link. g120 Alternatively, if a three-point hitch upper link is required for the mounting the backhoe in addition to the two lower hitch points, the upper link shall be furnished with the backhoe as standard equipment and shall be used in the structural in
43、tegrity test (Section 6). The upper hitch point on the backhoe shall be so designed that a three-point upper link as provided in ASAE S217.12 or ISO 730 cannot be used. 5.4.1 A means (limiter device) shall be provided with the backhoe to prevent upward movement of the backhoe relative to the tractor
44、 which could be hazardous to the operator, and shall meet the requirements of the tests in Section 6. SAE J1518 Revised OCT2013 Page 6 of 8 5.4.2 Crushing Hazard A DANGER safety sign per 4.3.2 including a pictorial depicting the hazard of an operator being thrust upward into any overhead structure s
45、uch as a ROPS or cab shall be provided in a prominent location advising of the proper use and adjustment of the limiter device and proper hook-up procedures. It shall also advise that use of backhoes is prohibited on machines where the minimum operator space envelope around the normal operating posi
46、tion is inadequate as defined by ISO 3411. However, since this document is for mobile machine operation and the backhoe use is stationary, the 1050 mm (41 in) minimum head clearance is reduced to 915 mm (36 in) minimum from the seat index point 5.4.3 Information shall be provided on a label on the b
47、ackhoe and in the operators manual specifying the recommended hitch category and minimum tractor lift force capacity necessary to lift and support the backhoe in operation and transport. 5.4.4 A safety sign per 4.3.2 shall be provided on the backhoe and a warning in the operators manual to warn agai
48、nst its use on a three-point “Quick Attaching Coupler”. (ASAE S278.7) 5.4.5 A safety sign shall be provided on the backhoe and instructions in the operators manual advising that front end weight shall be added as needed to provide a minimum of 20% of the total gross weight on the front wheels of the
49、 propelling machine with the backhoe in transport position. The operators manual shall instruct the operator to drive carefully, especially on turns and slopes while transporting. 5.4.6 Instructions shall be provided in the manual that prohibit installing the backhoe with required counterweights on a propelling machine which would exceed the ROPS certification label maximum machine mass. 5.5 Transport Requirements 5.5.1
